Umutsuzluk, Yaşamda Anlamın Varlığı ve Varoluşsal Endişe: Bir Gizil Profil Analizi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı umutsuzluk, yaşamda anlamın varlığı ve varoluşsal endişe değişkenlerini kullanarak intihar riski ile ilgili geniş bir kavramsal çerçeve oluşturmak ve oluşan bu kavramsal yapının gizil farklı alt gruplarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Aynı zamanda ortaya çıkan alt grupların yaşam doyumu algılarının farklılaşıp farklılaşmayacağının da incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 265 kadın ve 81 erkek olmak üzere uygun örnekleme yoluyla araştırmaya dâhil edilmiş toplamda 348 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Varoluşsal Endişe Ölçeği”, “Yaşamda Anlam Ölçeği”, “Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel bilgi formu” kullanılmıştır. Umutsuzluk, yaşamda anlamın varlığı ve varoluşsal endişe değişkenlerinin oluşturduğu alt grupları belirlemek için gizil profil analizi kullanılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan alt grupların yaşam doyumu düzeyindeki farklılıkları ise yardımcı değişken analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular: İntihar riski bağlamında bu araştırmada dört profil ortaya çıkmıştır. Birinci profil risksiz grup olarak adlandırılmıştır ve %45.7 ile en büyük grubu oluşturmaktadır. İkinci profile katılımcıların %19.8’i dahil olmuşve bu profil ise yüksek varoluşsal risk grubu olarak adlandırılmıştır. Üçüncü profil düşük risk grubu olarak adlandırılmış ve katılımcılardan %23.3’ü bu profile dahil olmuştur. Dördüncü profil ise yüksek risk grubu olarak adlandırılmış ve katılımcılardan %11.2’si bu gruba dahil olmuştur. Bunların yanında sonuçlar, ortaya çıkan profillerin yaşam doyumu ortalamalarında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir (Profil 1 > Profil 2, 3 > Profil 4). Sonuç: Bulgular, ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının gençlerde intihar riskinin düşükten yükseğe bir doğrusal süreklilik göstermeyebileceğinin; yaşamda anlamın varlığı, umutsuzluk ve varoluşsal endişe değişkenlerinin farklı kombinasyonlarından oluşacak şekilde gruplandırılabileceğinin farkında olmalarının önemini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Umutsuzluk
• Yaşamda Anlamın Varlığı
• Varoluşsal Endişe
• Yaşam Doyumu
• Gizil Profil Analizi

Hopelessness, Presence of Meaning in Life, and Existential Concern: A Latent Profile Analysis

Öz

Objective: The present study uses the variables of hopelessness, the presence of meaning in life, and existential concern to obtain a broad conceptualization of suicide risk and aims to uncover distinct latent subgroups formed by these variables. It also examines the differences in levels of life satisfaction across these subgroups. Method: The participants were 348 university students (265 women and 83 men) selected by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected with “Existential Concerns Questionnaire,” “Meaning in Life Questionnaire,” “Beck Hopelessness Scale,” “Satisfaction with Life Scale,” and a demographic information form. Latent profile analysis was used to reveal the subgroups formed by the variables of hopelessness, presence of meaning in life, and existential concern. The difference in life standards between the resulting profiles was examined with auxiliary variable analysis. Results: The present study revealed four distinct profiles regarding suicide risk. Profile 1 was the largest group (45.7%) and was labeled as a no-risk group. Profile 2 (19.8%) was labeled as a high existential risk group. Profile 3 (23.3%) was labeled as a low-risk group. Profile 4 (11.2%) was labeled as a high-risk group. In addition, the results showed significant mean differences in the levels of life satisfaction across profile memberships (Profile 1 > Profile 2, 3 > Profile 4). Conclusion: The results suggested the importance of practitioners being aware that suicide risk among youth may be grouped by different combinations of the variables hopelessness, presence of meaning in life, and existential concern, rather than on a continuum from low to high.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hopelessness
• presence of meaning in life
• existential concerns
• life satisfaction
• latent profile analysis

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