Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve Yaşam Kalitesiyle İlişkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, sosyal medya bağımlılığıyla psikolojik iyi oluş, yaşam kalitesi ve de akademik başarı arasındaki ilişkilerin tıp fakültesi öğrencileri örnekleminde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde öğrenim gören, 18-25 yaş aralığında 84 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği, WHOQOL-BREF ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi uygulanmış; akademik başarı ise son staj puanlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile yaşam kalitesi arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Özellikle WHOQOL’un psikolojik ve fiziksel alt boyutlarında düşüş gözlenmiştir. Psikolojik iyi oluşla sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki regresyon ilişkisi anlamlı çıkmamıştır, ancak korelasyon düzeyinde negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Akademik başarı (staj puanı) yalnızca çevresel yaşam kalitesi boyutuyla anlamlı negatif ilişki göstermiştir. Cinsiyetler arasında staj puanı dışında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Sosyal medya bağımlılığı, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşam kalitesini özellikle psikolojik ve fiziksel alanlarda olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Psikolojik iyi oluş ve akademik başarı üzerindeki etkisi daha dolaylıdır. Bulgular, sosyal medya kullanım biçiminin bireylerin genel işlevselliği üzerinde belirleyici bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akademik başarı
• psikolojik iyi oluş
• sosyal medya bağımlılığı
• tıp fakültesi öğrencileri
• yaşam kalitesi

Relationship of Social Media Use with Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life in Medical Students

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between social media addiction, psychological well-being, quality of life, and academic success among medical students. Method: A total of 84 volunteer students aged 18–25 from Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine participated in the study. Participants completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Flourishing Scale, WHOQOL-BREF, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Academic performance was measured using students' latest clinical rotation scores. Results: A significant and negative relationship was found between social media addiction and overall quality of life, particularly in the psychological and physical domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. While the regression between social media addiction and psychological well-being was not significant, a negative correlation was observed. Academic achievement was significantly and negatively predicted only by the environmental quality of life domain. No other significant gender differences were found except for clinical performance scores, which were higher among female students. Conclusion: Social media addiction appears to negatively impact the psychological and physical aspects of quality of life among medical students. Although its effect on academic performance and psychological well-being is less direct, the findings suggest that the nature and quality of social media engagement may be critical to students' overall functioning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• academic performance
• medical students
• psychological well-being
• Social media addiction
• quality of life

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed O, Walsh EI, Dawel A, Alateeq K, Espinoza Oyarce DA, Cherbuin N (2024) Social media use, mental health and sleep: A systematic review with meta-analyses. J Affect Disord, 367:701–712.
2. Akdeniz H, Savtekin G, Köylü K, Gör Ö, Üniversite K (2021) Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumlarının, psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3:36–52.
3. Al-Dubai SAR, Ganasegeran K, Perianayagam W, Rampal KG (2013) Emotional burnout, perceived sources of job stress, professional fulfillment, and engagement among medical residents in Malaysia. ScientificWorldJournal, 2013:137620.
4. Alsuraihi KA, Almaqati AS, Abughanim SA, Jastaniah NA (2016) Use of social media in education among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Korean J Med Educ, 7:364–368.
5. Amirthalingam J, Khera A (2024) Understanding social media addiction: A deep dive. Cureus, 16:e72499.
6. Andreassen CS, Pallesen S, Griffiths MD (2017) The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addict Behav, 64:287–293.
7. Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Brunborg GS, Pallesen S (2012) Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychol Rep, 110:501–517.
8. Aparicio-Martinez P, Perea-Moreno AJ, Martinez-Jimenez MP, Redel-Macías MD, Pagliari C, Vaquero-Abellan M (2019) Social media, thin-ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes: An exploratory analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16:4177.

9. Ayar D, Karaman G, Cinar S (2022) The effect of nursing students’ smartphone addiction and phubbing behaviors on communication skills. Comput Inform Nurs, 40:187–193.
10. Bahar HH, Özen Y, Gülaçtı F (2009) Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsiyet ve branşa göre akademik başarı durumları ile öğrenme stillerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 42:69–86.
11. Bányai F, Zsila Á, Király O, Maraz A, Elekes Z, Griffiths MD et al. (2017) Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS One, 12:e0169839.
12. Berners-Lee T (1999) Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its Inventor. New York, Harper.
13. Bhatti U, Chohan MN, Effendi S, Khidri FF, Ahmadani R, Ghaffar B (2023) Gender-based variation in the academic performance of medical students: A cross-sectional study. BioSight, 4:45–50.
14. Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E (2022) The use of social media in children and adolescents: Scoping review on the potential risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19:9960.
15. Bronfenbrenner U (1979) Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. Am Psychol, 34:844–850.
16. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res, 28:193–213.
17. Castells M (2002) The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. New York, Oxford University Press.
18. Chou HTG, Edge N (2012) 'They are happier and having better lives than I am': The impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others' lives. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 15:117–121.
19. Cohen J (2013) Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Oxfordshire, UK, Routledge.
20. Conger D, Long MC (2010) Why are men falling behind? Gender gaps in college performance and persistence. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci, 627:184–214.
21. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A (2015) Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict, 4:85–92.
22. Diener E, Suh ME (1997) Subjective well-being and age: An international analysis. Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr, 17:304–324.
23. Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov W, Kim-Prieto C, Choi DW, Oishi S et al. (2010) New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Soc Indic Res, 97:143–156.
24. Doğan İ (2024) Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu: Güvenirlik genelleme meta analizi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 25:271–285.
25. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Power DV, Eacker A, Harper W, Shanafelt TD (2008) Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Acad Med, 83:354–373.
26. Elhai JD, Levine JC, Dvorak RD, Hall BJ (2017) Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Comput Human Behav, 69:75–82.
27. Eriş H, Anıl D (2016) Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31:491-504
28. Eser E, Fidaner H, Fidaner C, Eser SY, Elbi H, Göker E (1999) WHOQOL-100 ve WHOQOL-BREF’in psikometrik özellikleri. 3P Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 7(Suppl 1):23-60.
29. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39:175–191.
30. Fuchs C (2017) From digital positivism and administrative big data analytics towards critical digital and social media research. Eur J Commun, 32:37–49.
31. Fuchs LS, Fuchs D, Malone AS (2017) The taxonomy of intervention intensity. Teach Except Child, 50:35–43.
32. George DR, Rovniak LS, Kraschnewski JL (2013) Dangers and opportunities for social media in medicine. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 56:453–462.
33. Griffiths M (2005) A 'components' model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J Subst Use, 10:191–197.
34. Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Billieux J (2016) The evolution of Internet addiction: A global perspective. Addict Behav, 53:193–195.
35. Jaffar AA (2016) The usage of social networking sites by medical students for educational purposes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Med Internet Res, 18:e191.
36. Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A (2020) A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Int J Adolesc Youth, 25:79–93.
37. Keyes CLM, Shmotkin D, Ryff CD (2002) Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. J Pers Soc Psychol, 82:1007–1022.
38. Kırcaburun K, Griffiths MD (2019) Problematic Instagram use: The role of perceived feeling of presence and escapism. Int J Ment Health Addict, 17:909–921.
39. Köseoğlu AK, Taşdelen G (2023) İnternet çağının öteki yüzü: Sosyal medya bağımlılığı. In: Sosyal medya bağımlılığı. p.71–89.
40. Krageloh CU, Kersten P, Billington DR, Hsu PHC, Shepherd D, Landon J, et al. (2013) Validation of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire for general use in New Zealand: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Qual Life Res, 22:1451–1457.
41. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD (2015) Internet Addiction in Psychotherapy. London, UK, Palgrave Macmillan.
42. Kwok C, Leung P, Poon K, Fung X (2021) The effects of internet gaming and social media use on physical activity, sleep, quality of life, and academic performance among university students in Hong Kong: A preliminary study. Asian J Soc Health Behav, 4:36–44.
43. Leiner BM, Cerf VG, Clark DD, Kahn RE, Kleinrock L, Lynch DC, et al. (2009) A brief history of the internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39:22–31.
44. Level P (2023) Genç yetişkinlerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve serbest zaman tutumu: Algılanan gelir düzeyinin rolü. Neu Gastro, 2:74-85.
45. Li X, Buxton OM, Lee S, Chang AM, Berger LM, Hale L (2019) Sleep mediates the association between adolescent screen time and depressive symptoms. Sleep Med, 57:51–60.
46. Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A, Radovic A, Miller E, Colditz JB, et al. (2016) Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depress Anxiety, 33:323–331.
47. Lin W, Cen Z, Chen Y (2024) The impact of social media addiction on the negative emotions of adolescent athletes: The mediating role of physical appearance comparisons and sleep. Front Public Health, 12:1452769.
48. Myers DG, Diener E (1995) Who is happy? Psychol Sci, 6:10–19.
49. Özyeşil Z, Erdoğan S (2018) Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. J Meas Eval Educ Psychol, 9:116–135.
50. Ryff CD (1995) The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol, 69:719–727.
51. Sax LJ, Harper CE (2007) Origins of the gender gap: Pre-college and college influences on differences between men and women. Res High Educ, 48:669–694.
52. Shirky C (2011) The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change. Foreign Aff, 90:28–41.
53. Spangler M (2013) A review of Alone Together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. J Sex Marital Ther, 39:466–468.
54. Stocking G, Mitchell A, Matsa EM, Widjaya R, Jurkowitz M, Ghosh S (2022) Role of Alternative Social Media in yhe News and Information Environment. Washington DC, Pew Research Center.
55. Telef BB (2013) Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28:374–384.
56. Twenge JM (2019) More time on technology, less happiness? Associations between digital-media use and psychological well-being. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 28:372–379.
57. Twenge JM, Campbell WK (2018) Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Prev Med Rep, 12:271–283.
58. Valdez JP, Datu JAD (2022) Gratitude intervention optimizes effective learning outcomes in Filipino high school students: A mixed-methods study. Learn Individ Differ, 91:102055.
59. Van Dijck J (2013) The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. New York, Oxford University Press.
60. Ventola CL (2014) Social media and health care professionals: Benefits, risks, and best practices. Pharm Ther, 39:491–520.
61. Voyer D, Voyer SD (2014) Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 140:1174–1204.
62. Wolniczak I, Cáceres-DelAguila JA, Palma-Ardiles G, Arroyo KJ, Solís-Visscher R, Paredes-Yauri S et al. (2013) Association between Facebook dependence and poor sleep quality: A study in a sample of undergraduate students in Peru. PLoS One, 8:e59087.