Parentification: Theoretical Framework, Risk Factors, and Psychosocial Outcomes

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 368 - 381, 31.03.2026

Elif Işık

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1685024

Öz

Parentification refers to the disruption of the hierarchical structure within the family, where parental duties and responsibilities are transferred to the child. Also known as a role reversal between parent and child, this situation can have detrimental effects when it is disproportionate to the child's developmental stage and abilities. However, when the child receives support from the parent and takes on responsibilities in a balanced way, parentification can also lead to positive psychosocial outcomes. The development of the parentification experience has been explained through certain theoretical perspectives, and various studies have been conducted on risk groups that may be affected by this experience. In this study, a narrative review method was used to examine national and international literature on parentification. Research findings were grouped under main themes such as types of parentification, risk factors, theoretical background, and its positive and negative psychosocial outcomes. Since parentification is still a relatively new topic in Türkiye, this review is one of the few studies that discusses the concept in a multidimensional way with support from recent literature. The aim of this study is to raise awareness about parentification in the field and to highlight areas that can be improved in future research. By synthesizing global and local perspectives, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of parentification’s impact on child development. Furthermore, it underscores the need for culturally sensitive interventions to address the challenges and leverage the potential benefits of parentification in diverse family contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parentification , Role reversal , Child neglect

Ebeveynleşme: Kuramsal Çerçeve, Risk Faktörleri ve Psikososyal Sonuçları

Öz

Ebeveynleşme deneyimi, aile içerisindeki hiyerarşik yapının bozulması ve ebeveyne ait olan görev ve sorumlulukların çocuğa aktarılması sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ebeveyn ile rol değişimi olarak da adlandırılan bu durum, çocuğun gelişim süreci ve becerileriyle orantısız olduğunda çocuk üzerinde yıkıcı etkiler oluşturabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ebeveynin desteğinin alındığı ve görevlerin ölçülü biçimde üstlenildiği durumlarda ebeveynleşme olumlu psikososyal sonuçlar da doğurabilmektedir. Ebeveynleşme deneyiminin ortaya çıkış süreci belirli kuramsal açıklamalara dayandırılmış ve bu deneyimden etkilenebilecek risk grupları üzerine çeşitli araştırmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise narratif derleme yöntemi kullanılarak ebeveynleşme olgusu üzerine ulusal ve uluslararası alan yazında yürütülen çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiş; ebeveynleşmenin türleri, risk faktörleri, kuramsal çerçevesi, olumlu ve olumsuz psikososyal sonuçları kategorik başlıklar altında bir araya getirilerek aktarılmıştır. Ebeveynleşme kavramı ülkemizde görece yeni çalışılan bir kavram olduğundan bu derleme çalışması ebeveynleşmeyi çok boyutlu yapısıyla ve güncel çalışmalar doğrultusunda ele alan sınırlı sayıdaki makaleden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmayla alan yazında ebeveynleşme olgusuna dair farkındalık oluşturulması ve geliştirilmeye açık yönlerin vurgulanarak gelecekteki çalışmalara katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Evrensel ve yerel bakış açılarını bir araya getiren bu inceleme, ebeveynleşmenin çocuk gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini kapsamlı bir şekilde anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, farklı aile bağlamlarında ebeveynleşmenin getirdiği zorlukları ele almak ve potansiyel faydalarından yararlanmak için kültürel açıdan duyarlı müdahalelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ebeveynleşme , Rol değişimi , Çocuk ihmali

Kaynakça

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