Çocuktan Ebeveyne Şiddet

Öz

Aile içi şiddet çalışmaları daha çok eşler arası şiddet ve ebeveynlerden çocuklara yönelik şiddet konularına odaklanmaktadır. Ancak, nesiller arası şiddetin devamlılığında önemli bir rol oynayan ve ciddi bir toplumsal sorun teşkil eden çocuktan ebeveyne şiddet, aile içi şiddet çalışmalarında ihmal edilmiştir. Bu durumdan hareketle çalışmanın amacı çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin kavramsallaştırılmasını, kuramsal açıklamalarını, yaygınlığını, ölçüm araçlarını, risk faktörlerini, ebeveynler üzerindeki etkilerini, müdahale programlarını ve Türkiye bağlamında yapılan çalışmaları ele alarak bir farkındalık kazandırmaktır. Çalışma sonucunda çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin tanımı ve türlerinin kavramsallaştırılmasında farklılıkların bulunduğu, çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin yaygınlığının ülkeler arasında farklılık göstermekle birlikte genel olarak yaygınlığın yüksek olduğu, bu şiddetin tek bir kuram çerçevesinde yeterli düzeyde açıklanamayacağı, ölçüm araçlarının çoğunun yalnızca ergenlerin bildirimlerine dayandığı ve ebeveyn açısından yeterince yansıtılmadığı görülmüştür. Çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin ortaya çıkmasında bireysel, ailevi ve sosyal faktörlerin bir arada rol aldığı özellikle aile içi şiddete maruz kalmanın ön plana çıkan bir risk faktörü olduğu ve çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin ebeveynler üzerindeki fiziksel, ekonomik, duygusal ve sosyal etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocuktan ebeveyne şiddet için hazırlanan müdahale programlarının hem ebeveyn hem ergenler için yararlı olduğu ancak bu programların uzun vadeli etkilerinin yeterince araştırılmadığı belirlenmiştir. Son olarak Türkiye’de çocuktan ebeveyne şiddete yönelik çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çocuktan ebeveyne şiddetin karmaşık yapısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bireysel, ailesel ve sosyal etmenleri bir arada inceleyen çalışmalar ile bu davranışlara yönelik bütüncül önleme ve müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesini önermekteyiz..

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuktan Ebeveyne Şiddet
• Aile İçi Şiddet
• Şiddet

Child-to-Parent Violence

Abstract

Research on domestic violence has primarily focused on intimate partner violence and violence from parents toward children. However, child-to-parent violence, which plays a significant role in the continuity of intergenerational violence and constitutes a serious social problem, has been neglected in domestic violence research. Based on this situation, the aim of the present study is to raise awareness by addressing the conceptualization, theoretical explanations, prevalence, measurement tools, risk factors, effects on parents, intervention programs, and studies conducted in the Turkish context regarding child-to-parent violence. The findings indicate that there are differences in the conceptualization of the definition and types of child-to-parent violence, that its prevalence varies across countries but is generally high, and that this form of violence cannot be sufficiently explained within the framework of a single theory. It was also observed that most measurement tools rely solely on adolescents’ self-reports, failing to adequately reflect the parents’ perspective. Moreover, the emergence of child-to-parent violence involves a combination of individual, familial, and social factors, with exposure to domestic violence standing out as a prominent risk factor. The study also revealed that child-to-parent violence has physical, economic, emotional, and social impacts on parents. Intervention programs developed for child-to-parent violence have been found to be beneficial for both parents and adolescents; however, their long-term effects have not been sufficiently investigated. Finally, it was concluded that studies on child-to-parent violence in Türkiye remain limited in number. Considering the complex nature of this issue, we recommend the development of holistic prevention and intervention programs, supported by research that simultaneously examines individual, familial, and social factors.

Keywords

• Child-to-Parent Violence
• Domestic Violence
• Violence

Kaynakça

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