Duygu Düzenleme Anketi-Kısa Formunun Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Duygu Düzenleme Anketi-Kısa Formunun (DDA-KF) Türkçe uyarlama çalışması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma üniversite öğrencileri ve toplum örnekleminden oluşan 18-58 (27,86±8,37) yaş aralığındaki 255 kadın (%78,5) ve 70 erkek (%21,5) olmak üzere toplam 325 kişiyle yürütülmüştür. Test tekrar test güvenirliği için 41 üniversite öğrencisine dört hafta ara ile DDA-KF uygulanmış; ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik için içerisinde üniversite öğrencilerinin de bulunduğu 142’si (%86,1) kadın ve 23’ü (%13,9) erkek olmak üzere toplam 165 kişiden oluşan toplum örneklemine DDA-KF ile birlikte Duygu Düzenleme Anketi, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlükleri Anketi, Perth Aleksitimi Ölçeği ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa katsayılarının bastırma boyutu için ,71 ve bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme boyutu için ,73 olduğu saptanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi bulgularına göre ölçeğin faktör analizine uygun olduğu ve ölçek maddelerinin ,64 ila ,89 arasında değişen yüksek düzeyde faktör yüküne sahip olduğu, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise özgün çalışmaya paralel şekilde iki faktörlü modelin uyum indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu (X2/df=1,39; CFI=,98; TLI=,96; GFI=,97; AGFI=,94) görülmüştür. Sonuç: DDA-KF’nin Türk örnekleminde duygu düzenlemenin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmak için iyi düzeyde psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu, araştırma çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca DDA-KF'nin yalnızca altı maddeli olması nedeniyle uygulama kolaylığına sahip bir ölçek olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygu
• duygu düzenleme
• geçerlik
• güvenirlik

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-SF) to Turkish, and to investigate its psychometric properties. Method: A total of 325 adults (255 females (78.5%) and 70 males (21.5%) between the ages of 18-58 (27.86±8.37), consisting of university students and community samples, participated in the study. To evaluate the test-retest reliability, 41 university students were administered the DDA-KF at five-week intervals, and for criterion-related validity, the DDA-KF, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Perth Alexithymia Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were administered to a community sample of 165 people, 142 (86.1%) women and 23 (13.9%) men, including university students. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the scale were .71 for the suppression dimension and .73 for the cognitive reappraisal dimension. According to the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale was suitable for factor analysis and the scale items had high factor loadings ranging from .64 to .89, and the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices of the two-factor model were good (X2/df =1.39, CFI=.98, TLI=.96, GFI=.97, AGFI=.94) in parallel with the original study. Conclusion: The ERQ-SF demonstrates strong psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for assessing emotion regulation in Turkish samples for research purposes. Additionally, its concise six-item format ensures ease of administration.

Keywords

• Emotion
• emotion regulation
• validity
• reliability

Kaynakça

1. Aldao A, Jazaieri H, Goldin PR, Gross, JJ (2014). Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 28:382-389.
2. APA (2024) Emotion. https://www.apa.org/topics/emotions. (Accessed 01.04.2025).
3. Bilge Y, Bilge Y (2020) Aleksitiminin dikkat-değerlendirme modelinin ölçümü: Perth Aleksitimi Ölçeğinin Türkçe psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 21(Suppl 2):71-79.
4. Bjureberg J, Ljótsson B, Tull M T, Hedman E, Sahlin H, Lundh LG et al. (2016) Development and validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: The DERS-16. J Behav Assess, 38:284-296.
5. Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Boden MT, Gross JJ (2011) Posttraumatic stress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and coping-oriented marijuana use. Cogn Behav Ther, 40:34-44.
6. Brandao T, Schulz MS, Gross JJ, Matos, PM (2017) The emotion regulation questionnaire in women with cancer: A psychometric evaluation and an item response theory analysis. Psychooncology, 26:1647-1653.
7. Büyüköztürk Ş (2015) Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı, 21. Baskı, Ankara, Pegem Yayıncılık.
8. Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş (2014) Sosyal bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Pegem Yayıncılık.

9. Ehring T, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schnulle J, Fischer S, Gross, JJ (2010) Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion, 10:563-572.
10. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P (2001) Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Pers Individ Dif, 30:1311-1327.
11. George D, Mallery M (2010) SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide Reference, 10th ed. Boston, Pearson.
12. Gratz KL, Roemer L (2004) Multidimensional assessment of emotional regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotional regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 26:41-54.
13. Gross JJ (1998) Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol, 74:224-237.
14. Gross JJ (2002) Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39:281-291.
15. Gross JJ (2015) Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychol Inq, 26:1-26.
16. Gross JJ, John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 85:348-362.
17. Groth-Marnat G (2009) Handbook of Psychological Assessment, 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.
18. Gurera JW, Isaacowitz DM (2019) Emotion regulation and emotion perception in aging: A perspective on age-related differences and similarities. Prog Brain Res, 247:329-351.
19. Kline P (1994) An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London, Routledge.
20. Koğar H (2020) Development of a short form: methods, examinations, and recommendations. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 11:301-310.
21. Koole SL (2009) The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cogn Emot, 23:4-41.
22. Larionow P, Mudło-Głagolska K, Preece DA (2024) The Polish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-S): Psychometric properties, Polish norms and relationships with psychopathology and well-being. Glob Ment Health (Camb), 11:e104.
23. McCallum RC, Widaman KF, Preacher KJ, Hong S (2001) Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate Behav Res, 36:611-637.
24. Meydan CH, Şeşen H (2015) Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi: AMOS Uygulamaları. 2.Baskı. Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
25. Milyavsky M, Webber D, Fernandez JR, Kruglanski AW, Goldenberg A, Suri G et al. (2019) To reappraise or not to reappraise? Emotion regulation choice and cognitive energetics. Emotion, 19:964-981.
26. Parkinson B, Totterdell P (1999) Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cogn Emot, 13:277-303.
27. Preece DA, Becerra R, Robinson, K, Dandy J, Allan A (2018) The psychometric assessment of alexithymia: Development and validation of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire. Pers Individ Dif, 132:32-44.
28. Preece DA, Becerra R, Hasking P, McEvoy PM, Boyes M, Sauer-Zavala S et al. (2021) The emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric properties and relations with affective symptoms in a United States general community sample. J Affect Disord, 284:27-30.
29. Preece DA, Becerra R, Robinson K, Gross JJ (2020) The emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric properties in general community samples. J Pers Assess, 102:348-356.
30. Preece DA, Mehta A, Petrova K, Sikka P, Bjureberg J, Becerra R et al. (2023) Alexithymia and emotion regulation. J Affect Disord, 324:232-238.
31. Preece DA, Petrova K, Mehta A, Gross J J (2023) The emotion regulation questionnaire-short form (ERQ-S): A 6-item measure of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. J Affect Disord, 340:855-861.
32. Sarıçam H (2018) The psychometric properties of Turkish version of depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. J Cogn Behav Psychother Res, 7:19-30.
33. Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Muller H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and goodness-of-fit models. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23-74.
34. Sheppes G, Suri G, Gross JJ (2015) Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 11:379-405.
35. Smith GT, Combs JL, Pearson CM (2012) Brief instruments and short forms. In APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Vol. 1. Foundations, Planning, Measures, and Psychometrics (Eds H Cooper, PM Camic, DL Long, AT Panter, D Rindskopf, KJ Sher):395–409. Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
36. Smith GT, McCarthy DM, Anderson KG (2000) On the sins of short-form development. Psychol Assess 12:102-111.
37. Stanford Psychophysiology Laboratory (2024) The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form. https://spl.stanford.edu/resources (Accessed 01.05.2025).
38. Suri G, Whittaker K, Gross JJ (2015) Launching reappraisal: it’s less common than you might think. Emotion, 15:73-77.
39. Tavşancıl E (2005) Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
40. Thompson RA (1991) Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educ Psychol Rev, 3:269-307.
41. Thompson RA (1994) Emotional regulation: A theme in search for definition. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 59:25-52.
42. Totan T (2015) Duygu Düzenlenme Anketi Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. J Cogn Behav Psychother Res, 3:153-161.
43. Tuna E, Bozo Ö (2012). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: factor structure and psychometric properties of the Turkish version. J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 34:564-570.
44. Yıldız B, Güllü A (2019) Duygu düzenleme süreçleri ve aleksitimi arasındaki ilişkide belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün aracı rolü. J Soc Sci, 18:201-217.
45. Yiğit İ, Guzey Yiğit M (2019) Psychometric properties of Turkish version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Curr Psychol, 38:1503-1511.