Yakın İlişkilerde Sadakat: Bağlanma, Sosyal Değişim ve Yatırım Teorileri Bağlamında Çok Boyutlu Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Bu derleme çalışması, yakın ilişkilerde sadakat olgusunu açıklamada üç temel kuramsal yaklaşımı bağlanma teorisi, sosyal değişim teorisi ve yatırım modeli karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Sadakat; güven, bağlılık ve sürekliliği içeren çok boyutlu bir değer olarak kavramsallaştırılmış ve bu değerle ilişkili psikolojik ve davranışsal süreçler söz konusu teoriler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bağlanma teorisi, bireylerin erken dönem bağlanma örüntülerinin yetişkinlik dönemindeki ilişki doyumu ve sadakat eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Sosyal değişim teorisi, bireylerin ilişkilerde ödül–maliyet dengesine göre rasyonel kararlar aldığını savunmakta ve sadakati fayda ve alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesi üzerinden açıklamaktadır. Yatırım modeli, sadakati; ilişki doyumu, alternatiflerin kalitesi ve ilişkiye yapılan yatırımların büyüklüğünün etkileşimi ile şekillenen bir bağlılık dinamiği olarak kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca, dijitalleşmenin ve değişen toplumsal yapının bu kuramsal yaklaşımlar üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgular, sosyal medya kullanımı, dijital mahremiyet, çevrimiçi kıskançlık ve flört uygulamalarının sadakat üzerindeki etkilerine işaret etmektedir. Tüm teorilerin sadakati açıklamadaki katkıları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiş; bağlanma teorisinin psikolojik derinliği, sosyal değişim teorisinin rasyonel yapısı ve yatırım modelinin ilişkisel sürdürülebilirliğe yaptığı vurgu ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağlanma Teorisi
• Sosyal Değişim Teorisi
• Yatırım Modeli
• Sadakat
• Yakın İlişkiler

Loyalty in Close Relationships: A Multidimensional Perspective from Attachment, Social Exchange, and Investment Theories

Abstract

This review study comparatively examines three fundamental theoretical approaches attachment theory, social exchange theory, and the investment model in explaining the phenomenon of loyalty in close relationships. Loyalty is conceptualized as a multidimensional value encompassing trust, commitment, and continuity, and the psychological and behavioral processes associated with this value are evaluated within the framework of these theories. Attachment theory emphasizes the influence of individuals’ early attachment patterns on adult relationship satisfaction and tendencies toward loyalty. Social exchange theory argues that individuals make rational decisions in relationships based on a reward–costbalance, explaining loyalty through the evaluation of benefits and alternatives. The investment model conceptualizes loyalty as a commitment dynamic shaped by the interaction of relationship satisfaction, the quality of alternatives, and the magnitude of investments made in the relationship. The study also evaluates the effects of digitalization and changing social structures on these theoretical approaches. Findings from recent research indicate the effects of social media use, digital privacy, online jealousy, and dating applications on loyalty. The contributions of all three theories to explaining loyalty are comparatively analyzed, revealing the psychological depth of attachment theory, the rational structure of social exchange theory, and the investment model’s emphasis on relational sustainability. I

Keywords

• Attachment Theory
• Social Exchange Theory
• Investment Model
• Loyalty
• close relationships.

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