Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Öz

Klinik depresyon tanısı alan yetişkinlerde depresyon nüksünün önlenmesi için geliştirilen Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi, mevcut alanyazında araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir ve bu uygulamalara yönelik artan bir ilgi gözlemlenmektedir. Bu artan ilgi çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi uygulamalarına olanak sağlamıştır. Mevcut sistematik derleme çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik gerçekleştirilen Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi uygulamalarına odaklanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda veri tabanlarından (Pubmed, Web of Science, Wiley, Sage ve Sciencedirect) erişim sağlanan toplam 12 makale çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Makalelerden elde edilen bulgulara göre Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi çocuk ve ergenlerde travma sonrası stres, içe yönelim ve dikkat problemlerinde, depresif ve anksiyete belirtilerinin azalmasında etkili bir müdahale olarak kendini göstermektedir. Yanı sıra, takip çalışmalarında da uygulamadan elde edilen kazanımların devam ettiği belirtilmiştir. Bu bulgular Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi’nin çocuk ve ergenlerde kullanımı hususunda önemli noktaları işaret etmektedir. Öte yandan araştırmalarda yer alan katılımcı sayısının yetersizliği, eksik geri bildirimler, alternatif tedavilerin eksikliği ise bu uygulamaya yönelik hala çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Mevcut sistematik derleme çalışması çocuk ve ergenlerde yürütülen Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi uygulamalarının olası etkilerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk
• Ergen
• Bilinçli Farkındalık
• Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for Children And Adolescent: A Systematic Review

Öz

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, developed to prevent depression relapse in adults diagnosed with clinical depression, has attracted the attention of researchers in the current literature, and there is a growing interest in these applications. This growing interest has led to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy applications for children and adolescents. The current systematic review focuses on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy applications for children and adolescents. In this context, a total of 12 articles accessed from databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, Sage, and Sciencedirect) were included in the study. According to the findings obtained from the articles, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy has proven to be an effective intervention in reducing post-traumatic stress, introversion, and attention problems, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. In addition, follow-up studies have indicated that the gains obtained from the application continue. These findings highlight important points regarding the use of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in children and adolescents. On the other hand, the insufficient number of participants in the studies, lack of feedback, and lack of alternative treatments indicate that further studies on this application are still needed. The current systematic review study attempts to reveal the possible effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy applications conducted in children and adolescents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child
• Adolescent
• Mindfulness
• Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy

Kaynakça

1. Abedini S, Habibi M, Abedini N, Achenbach TM, Semple RJ (2021) A randomized clinical trial of a modified mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children hospitalized with cancer. Mindfulness, 12:141-151.
2. Ames CS, Richardson J, Payne S, Smith P, Leigh E (2014) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression in adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health, 19:74-78.
3. Arnaud N, Wartberg L, Simon-Kutscher K, Thomasius R, IMAC-Mind Consortium (2024) Prevalence of substance use disorders and associations with mindfulness, impulsive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 33:451-465.
4. Baer RA (2003) Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol (New York), 10:125-143.
5. Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L (2006) Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13:27-45.
6. Barnhofer T, Crane C (2009) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression and suicidality. In Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness (Ed F Didonna):221–243. Cham, Springer.
7. Black DS, Sussman S, Johnson CA, Milam J (2012) Trait mindfulness helps shield decision-making from translating into health-risk behavior. J Adolesc Health, 51:588-592.
8. Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-beingJ Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.

9. Carsley D, Khoury B, Heath N. L (2018) Effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for mental health in schools: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 9:693-707.
10. Cartwright-Hatton S, Mather A, Illingworth V, Brocki J, Harrington R, & Wells A (2004) Development and preliminary validation of the Meta-cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. J Anxiety Disord, 18:411–422.
11. Cash M, Whittingham K (2010) What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1:177-182.
12. Chadwick P, Hember M, Symes J, Peters E, Kuipers E, Dagnan D (2008) Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ). Br J Clin Psychol, 47:451-455.
13. Cotton S, Kraemer KM, Sears RW, Strawn JR, Wasson RS, McCune N et al. (2020) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders at-risk for bipolar disorder: a psychoeducation waitlist controlled pilot trial. Early Interv Psychiatry, 14:211-219.
14. Cotton S, Luberto CM, Sears R. W, Strawn JR, Stahl L, Wasson RS et al. (2016) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for youth with anxiety disorders at risk for bipolar disorder: a pilot trial. Early Interv Psychiatry, 10:426-434.
15. Craigie MA, Rees CS, Marsh A, Nathan P (2008) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary evaluation. Behav Cogn Psychother, 36:553-568.
16. Cuzick J (2023) The importance of long-term follow up of participants in clinical trials. Br J Cancer, 128:432–438.
17. Deckersbach T, Hölzel BK, Eisner LR, Stange JP, Peckham AD, Dougherty DD et al. (2012) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for nonremitted patients with bipolar disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther, 18:133-141.
18. Dehghani F, Amiri S, Molavi H, Neshat-Doost H. T (2014) Effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on female elementary students with generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Behav Res Psychol, 3:159-165.
19. Dekeyser M, Raes F, Leijssen M, Leysen S, Dewulf D (2008) Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Pers Individ Dif, 44:1235-1245.
20. Ebrahiminejad S, Poursharifi H, Bakhshiour Roodsari A, Zeinodini Z, Noorbakhsh S (2016) The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on Iranian female adolescents suffering from social anxiety. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 18:e25116.
21. Ellis D M, Hudson J L (2011) Test of the metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder in anxiety-disordered adolescents. J Exp Psychopathol, 2:28-43.
22. Fortuna LR, Martinez W, Porche MV (2023) Integrating spirituality and religious beliefs in a mindfulness based cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD with Latinx unaccompanied immigrant children. J Child Adolesc Trauma, 16:481-494.
23. Fortuna LR, Porche MV, Padilla A (2018) A treatment development study of a cognitive and mindfulness-based therapy for adolescents with co-occurring post-traumatic stress and substance use disorder. Psychol Psychother, 91:42-62.
24. Fortuna LR, Vallejo Z (2015) Treating Co-Occurring Adolescent PTSD and Addiction: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy For Adolescents with Trauma and Substance-Abuse Disorders. Oakland, CA, New Harbinger.
25. Ghahari S, Mohammadi-Hasel K, Malakouti SK, Roshanpajouh M (2020) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 30:52-56.
26. Ghawadra SF, Abdullah KL, Choo WY, Danaee M, Phang CK (2020) The effect of mindfulness‐based training on stress, anxiety, depression and job satisfaction among ward nurses: a randomized control trial. J Nurs Manag, 28:1088-1097.
27. Hearn JH, Cross A (2020) Mindfulness for pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. BMC Neurol, 20:32.
28. Herbert JD, Forman EM (2014) Mindfulness and acceptance techniques, In The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Eds, SG Hofmann, DJA Dozois, W Rief, JAJ Smits):131-156. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley Blackwell.
29. Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, & Oh D (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78:169–183.
30. Kabat-Zinn J (1994) Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life. New York, Hyperion.
31. Kabat-Zinn J (2013) Full catastrophe Living, Revised Edition: How To Cope With Stress, Pain and Illness Using Mindfulness Meditation. New York, NY, Bantam Dell.
32. Kumar SM (2002) An introduction to Buddhism for the cognitive-behavioral therapist. Cogn Behav Pract, 9:40-43.
33. Langer EJ (1989) Mindfulness. Boston, MA, Addison-Wesley.
34. Lee YC, Chen CR, Lin KC (2022) Effects of mindfulness-based interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Health Res, 19:15198.
35. Li J, Cai Z, Li X, Du R, Shi Z, Hua Q et al. (2021) Mindfulness-based therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for people with anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of random controlled trials. Ann Palliat Med, 10:7596-7612.
36. Lin JA, Harris SK, Shrier LA (2021) Trait mindfulness and cannabis use-related factors in adolescents and young adults with frequent use. Subst Abus, 42:968-973.
37. Ma Y, Fang S (2019) Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Front Psychol, 10:1358.
38. Miklowitz DJ, Alatiq Y, Goodwin G. M, Geddes JR, Fennell MJV, Dimidjian S et al. (2009) A pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder. Int J Cogn Ther, 2:373-382.
39. Montero-Marin J, Allwood M, Ball S, Crane C, De Wilde K, Hinze V et al. (2022) School-based mindfulness training in early adolescence: what works, for whom and how in the MYRIAD trial?. Evid Based Ment Health, 25:117-124.
40. Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R et al. (2020) Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Psychooncology, 29:68-75.
41. Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. (2021) PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372:n160.
42. Peter A, Srivastava R, Agarwal A, Singh AP (2022) The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and resilience of the school going early adolescents with anxiety. J Ind Child Adoles Ment Health, 18:176-185.
43. Racey DN, Fox J, Berry VL, Blockley KV, Longridge RA, Simmons JL et al. (2018) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for young people and their carers: a mixed-method feasibility study. Mindfulness, 9:1063-1075.
44. Raes F, Williams J. M. G (2010) The relationship between mindfulness and uncontrollability of ruminative thinking. Mindfulness, 1:199–203.
45. Rasmussen MK, Pidgeon AM (2011) The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety. Anxiety Stress Coping, 24:227-233.
46. Sala L, Gorwood P, Vindreau C, Duriez P (2021) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy added to usual care improves eating behaviors in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder by decreasing the cognitive load of words related to body shape, weight, and food. Eur Psychiatry, 64:e67.
47. Sala M, Shankar Ram S, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA (2020) Mindfulness and eating disorder psychopathology: a meta‐analysis. Int J Eat Disord, 53:834-851.
48. SCCAP Division 53 (2004) The Society for Child Clinical and Adolescent Psychology. https://sccap53.org/ (Accessed 27.02.2024).
49. Segal ZV, Williams JM. G, Teasdale JD (2002) Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy For Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. New York, Guilford Press.
50. Semple RJ, Lee J (2011) Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy For Anxious Children: A Manual For Treating Childhood Anxiety. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
51. Semple RJ, Lee J (2014) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children. In Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches: Clinician's Guide to Evidence Base and Applications, 2nd ed. (Eds R. A. Baer):161-188. New York, Elsevier Academic Press.
52. Smith JC (1986) Meditation: A Sensible Guide to a Timeless Discipline. Champaign, IL, Research Press.
53. Southam-Gerow MA, Prinstein MJ (2014) Evidence base updates: the evolution of the evaluation of psychological treatments for children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 43:1–6.
54. Strawn JR, Cotton S, Luberto CM, Patino LR, Stahl LA, Weber WA et al. (2016) Neural function before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in anxious adolescents at risk for developing bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 26:372-379.
55. Syeda MM, Andrews JJW (2021) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a targeted group intervention: examining children’s changes in anxiety symptoms and mindfulness. J Child Fam Stud, 30:1002–1015.
56. Taylor J, McLean L, Korner A, Stratton E, Glozier N (2020) Mindfulness and yoga for psychological trauma: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Dissociation, 21:536-573.
57. Tubbs JD, Savage JE, Adkins AE, Amstadter AB, Dick DM (2019) Mindfulness moderates the relation between trauma and anxiety symptoms in college students. J Am Coll Health, 67:235-245.
58. Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmüller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S (2006) Measuring mindfulness--The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Pers Individ Dif, 40:1543-1555.
59. Wolters LH, Hogendoorn SM, Oudega M, Vervoort L, de Haan E, Prins P J et al (2012). Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version (MCQ-A) in non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26:343–351.
60. Yu X, Langberg JM, Becker SP (2022) Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relation between brooding rumination and sleep problems in adolescents. Sleep Med, 90:131-134.
61. Zemestani M, Fazeli Nikoo Z (2020) Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Womens Ment Health, 23:207-214.