Psychopathology of Procrastination: Causes, Types, and Coping Strategies

Öz

This study is a conceptual/thematic review that examines procrastination behavior within the framework of theoretical perspectives and contemporary literature, and analyzes its psychopathological foundations as well as coping strategies from a multidimensional perspective. Procrastination is defined as a complex self-regulation process in which individuals deliberately delay tasks that need to be completed, often in order to avoid negative emotions. It has been observed that this behavior comprises cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components, and is closely associated with psychological factors such as anxiety, low self-esteem, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, and deficits in self-regulation. In addition, psychopathologies such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression are reported to both trigger and maintain this behavior. The cyclical nature of procrastination is addressed, emphasizing that initial motivation and determination may gradually transform into anxiety, guilt, and regret, leading to behavioral inhibition. Procrastination is classified into active and passive types, and the determining role of individual differences in this process is highlighted. Furthermore, procrastination is considered a multifaceted construct that cannot be explained solely by time management, but is also associated with self-protection, avoidance, and emotion regulation processes. In the context of coping with procrastination, the importance of developing awareness, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, time management, and emotion regulation skills is emphasized. Accordingly, intervention programs developed in this direction may contribute to individuals’ recognition of their motivational resources and the development of functional coping strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Procrastination
• psychopatology
• emotion regulation
• self-regülation
• intervention strategies

Ertelemenin Psikopatolojisi: Nedenleri, Türleri ve Baş Etme Stratejileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, erteleme davranışını kuramsal çerçeveler ve güncel alan yazın doğrultusunda ele alan kavramsal/tematik bir derleme çalışması olup, erteleme davranışının psikopatolojik temellerini ve bu davranışla baş etme stratejilerini çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Erteleme; bireyin yapılması gereken görevleri, çoğunlukla olumsuz duygulardan kaçınma amacıyla bilinçli biçimde geciktirmesiyle tanımlanan karmaşık bir öz-düzenleme sürecidir. Bu davranışın bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal bileşenler içerdiği; özellikle kaygı, düşük benlik saygısı, mükemmeliyetçilik, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve öz denetim eksikliği gibi psikolojik faktörlerle yakından ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve depresyon gibi psikopatolojilerin bu davranışı hem tetiklediği hem de sürdürdüğü ifade edilmektedir. Çalışmada, ertelemenin döngüsel yapısı ele alınmış; başlangıçta hissedilen motivasyon ve kararlılığın zamanla kaygı, suçluluk ve pişmanlığa dönüşerek davranışsal inhibisyona yol açtığı vurgulanmıştır. Erteleme, aktif ve pasif türleriyle sınıflandırılmış; bireysel farklılıkların bu süreçteki belirleyici rolü ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte ertelemenin yalnızca zaman yönetimiyle açıklanamayacak; benlik koruma, kaçınma ve duygu düzenleme süreçleriyle ilişkili çok katmanlı bir yapı sergileyebileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Erteleme ile başa çıkma bağlamında farkındalık geliştirme, davranışsal aktivasyon, bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma, zaman yönetimi ve duygu düzenleme becerilerinin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda geliştirilecek müdahale programlarının bireyin motivasyonel kaynaklarını tanımasına ve işlevsel başa çıkma stratejileri oluşturmasına katkı sağlayabileceği ifade edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• erteleme
• psikopatoloji
• duygu düzenleme
• öz denetim
• müdahale stratejileri

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