Boşanma Eğitim Programları Üzerine Güncel Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Boşanma eğitim programlarında boşanma süreci ve sonrasında aile üyelerinin ayrılığa sağlıklı uyumunu desteklemek amaçlanmaktadır. Özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde bu müdahale yöntemi yaygın ve aktif bir şekilde kullanılmakta; müdahalenin etkililiği kanıta dayalı bilimsel araştırmalarla değerlendirilmektedir. Türkiye’de son yıllarda boşanma oranlarında artış söz konusudur ve boşanan bireyler bu zorlayıcı süreçte koruyucu-önleyici ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu gözden geçirmenin amacı, boşanma eğitim programlarını tanıtmak ve ilgili çalışmalar çerçevesinde bu programların etkililiğine ilişkin genel bir değerlendirme sunarak Türkiye örneklemine konuya ilişkin bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktır. Bu kapsamda, boşanmanın yetişkin ve çocuk ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmış, programların amacı, içeriği ve türleri incelenmiş ve son 10 içerisindeki yurtdışı etkililik çalışmaları gözden geçirilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’de boşanma sonrası ortak ebeveynlik süreçleri ve çocuk ruh sağlığı bağlamında mevcut durum değerlendirilerek öneriler sunulmuştur. Gözden geçirilen çalışmalar, boşanma eğitim programlarının ağırlıklı olarak ortak ebeveynlik becerilerinin güçlendirilmesine, çocuk yararını gözeten iş birliğinin desteklenmesine ve ebeveynlerin boşanma sürecine ilişkin bilgi ve becerilerinin geliştirilmesine odaklandığını göstermektedir. Günümüzde hem yüz yüze hem de çevrim içi uygulanan bu programların etkililiği; ortak ebeveynlik ilişkileri, çatışma düzeyi, ebeveyn ve çocuk uyumu, psikolojik iyi oluş ve ebeveynlik becerileri gibi değişkenler üzerinden incelenmektedir. Çalışmalardaki bazı metodolojik sınırlılıklara rağmen, programların genel olarak olumlu sonuçlar ortaya koyduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• boşanma ve boşanma sonrası uyum
• koruyucu – önleyici ruh sağlığı hizmetleri
• boşanma

A Current Review of Divorce Education Programs

Öz

Divorce education programs aim to support the healthy adjustment of family members to separation during and after the divorce. Particularly in the United States of America, this intervention method is widely and actively used, and the effectiveness of the intervention is evaluated through evidence-based scientific research. In Turkey, divorce rates have increased in recent years, and divorced individuals need preventive and protective mental health services during this challenging process. The aim of this literature review is to introduce divorce education programs and to provide an overall evaluation of their effectiveness within the framework of relevant studies, thereby offering a perspective on the subject for the Turkish sample. In this context, the effects of divorce on adult and child mental health were addressed, the aims, content, and types of these programs were examined, and effectiveness studies in the international literature conducted over the past 10 years were reviewed. In addition, the current situation in Türkiye regarding post-divorce co-parenting processes and child mental health was evaluated, and recommendations were presented. Reviewed studies indicate that divorce education programs primarily focus on strengthening co-parenting skills, supporting child-centered cooperation, and improving parents’ knowledge and skills regarding the divorce process. Currently delivered in both face-to-face and online formats, the effectiveness of these programs has been examined through various outcomes, including co-parenting relationships, conflict levels, parent and child adjustment, psychological well-being, and parenting skills. Despite some methodological limitations in the studies, the programs generally demonstrate positive outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• divorce and post-divorce adjustment
• preventive – protective mental health services
• divorce

Kaynakça

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