Anksiyete Bozuklukları ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozuklukta Uyumsuz Baş Etme Stratejileri: Transdiagnostik Perspektif

Öz

Anksiyete bozuklukları ve obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, yaygınlık oranları ve belirgin işlev kayıpları nedeniyle bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde önemli bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Bu bozuklukların süregenleşmesindeki en önemli noktalardan biri, bireylerin semptomlarla baş etmek amacıyla geliştirdiği uyumsuz baş etme stratejileridir. Bu çalışma, panik bozukluk, sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu ve obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukta gözlemlenen uyumsuz baş etme stratejilerini; transdiagnostik perspektiften incelemektedir. Ayrıca bu yaklaşımla kavramsal bütünlük taşıyan Research Domain Criteria çerçevesinde uyumsuz baş etme stratejilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gözden geçirilen literatür, uyumsuz baş etme stratejilerinin kısa vadede anksiyeteyi azaltmakla birlikte negatif pekiştirme döngüleri aracılığıyla psikopatolojiyi uzun vadede sürdürdüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu stratejilerin transdiagnostik açıdan değerlendirilmesi; tehdit algısı ve yorumlama önyargıları, belirsizlik intoleransı, perseveratif biliş ve duygusal kaçınmanın bozukluklar arası ortak mekanizmalar olarak öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Uyumsuz baş etme stratejileri, bozukluğa özgü klinik tablolar olmanın ötesinde, transdiagnostik mekanizmaların farklı fenotipik ifadeleri olarak kavramsallaştırılabilir. Bu gözden geçirmenin bulguları, hem uyumsuz baş etme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi bağlı transdiagnostik tedavi protokollerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anksiyete bozuklukları
• obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk
• uyumsuz baş etme
• güvenlik davranışları
• transdiagnostik

Maladaptive Coping Strategies in Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Transdiagnostic Perspective

Abstract

Anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder constitute a significant burden at both individual and societal levels, owing to their high prevalence rates and substantial functional impairment. One of the central factors in the chronification of these disorders is the use of maladaptive coping strategies that individuals develop in an attempt to manage their symptoms. This study examines the maladaptive coping strategies observed in panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder from a transdiagnostic perspective. It further aims to situate these strategies within the Research Domain Criteria framework, which shares conceptual coherence with the transdiagnostic approach. The reviewed literature indicates that although maladaptive coping strategies reduce anxiety in the short term, they serve to maintain psychopathology over the long term through negative reinforcement cycles. Transdiagnostic analysis reveals that threat appraisal and interpretation biases, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognition, and emotional avoidance emerge as shared mechanisms across disorders. Maladaptive coping strategies may be conceptualized not merely as disorder-specific clinical presentations, but as distinct phenotypic expressions of underlying transdiagnostic mechanisms. The findings of this review are expected to contribute to the identification of maladaptive coping strategies and to inform the development of transdiagnostic treatment protocols.

Keywords

• anxiety disorders
• obsessive-compulsive disorder
• maladaptive coping
• safety behaviours
• transdiagnostic

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