Öğretmenlerde Ruhsal Bozukluklara Yönelik İnançlar ile Psikiyatrik İlaçlara Yönelik Olumsuz Tutumlar Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik inançları ile psikiyatrik ilaçlara yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Bu çevrim içi kesitsel çalışma, Aksaray ilinde görev yapan 368 öğretmenle yürütülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket ve Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği (RHYİÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anketin yapı geçerliği ve iç tutarlılığı sırasıyla açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve Cronbach alfa katsayıları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik olumsuz inançları daha yüksek olan öğretmenlerin, psikiyatrik ilaçlara yönelik olumsuz tutumlarının da daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Son hiyerarşik çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelinde, daha genç yaş (β = −0,23), erkek cinsiyet (β = 0,28), daha uzun mesleki deneyim (β = 0,22) ve ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik daha olumsuz inançlar (β = 0,49), psikiyatrik ilaçlara yönelik daha olumsuz tutumlarla bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulundu. RHYİÖ toplam puanının modele eklenmesiyle açıklanan varyans R² = 0,17'den R² = 0,39'a yükseldi (ΔR² = 0,22). Sonuç: Öğretmenlerin ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik olumsuz inançları, psikiyatrik ilaçlara yönelik olumsuz tutumlarla bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur. Öğretmenlerin meslek öncesi ve hizmet içi eğitimlerinde ruhsal bozukluklar ve psikiyatrik ilaçlara ilişkin kanıta dayalı içeriklere yer verilmesi yararlı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Öğretmenler
• psikotrop ilaçlar
• tutum
• ruhsal bozukluklar

Association Between Beliefs Toward Mental Disorders and Negative Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Medication in Teachers

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between teachers' beliefs toward mental disorders and their attitudes toward psychiatric medications. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 teachers working in Aksaray Province, Türkiye. Data were collected online using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers and the Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale. The construct validity and internal consistency of the questionnaire prepared by the researchers were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Results: Teachers with higher levels of negative beliefs toward mental disorders also exhibited higher levels of negative attitudes toward psychiatric medications. In the final hierarchical multiple linear regression model, younger age (β = −0.23), male sex (β = 0.28), more years of professional experience (β = 0.22), and higher levels of negative beliefs toward mental disorders (β = 0.49) were independently associated with more negative attitudes toward psychiatric medications. The addition of beliefs toward mental disorders increased the explained variance from R² = 0.17 to R² = 0.39 (ΔR² = 0.22). Conclusion: Teachers' negative beliefs toward mental disorders were independently associated with negative attitudes toward psychiatric medications. Including evidence-based content on mental disorders and psychiatric medications in teacher training and in-service programs may be beneficial.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• School teachers
• psychotropic drugs
• attitude
• mental disorders

Kaynakça

1. Abi Doumit C, Haddad C, Sacre H, Salameh P, Akel M, Obeid S et al. (2019) Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: Results from a national Lebanese study. PLoS One, 14:e0222172.
2. Addis ME, Mahalik JR (2003) Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. Am Psychol, 58:5-14.
3. Al Omari O, Khalaf A, Al Hashmi I, Al Qadire M, Abu Shindi Y, Al Sabei S et al. (2022) A comparison of knowledge and attitude toward mental illness among secondary school students and teachers. BMC Psychol, 10:109.
4. Arslantaş H, Abacıgil F, Yüksel R, Adana F, Sarı E, Yeşilfidan D et al. (2021) Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinde ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik inanç ve sosyal mesafeyi etkileyen faktörler. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24:523-536.
5. Bilge A, Çam O (2008) Validity and reliability of beliefs towards mental illness scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 9:91-96.
6. Çam O, Bilge A (2013) The process of stigmatization, attitude, and belief about mental illness and patient in Turkey: a systematic review. J Psychiatr Nurs, 4:91-101.
7. Çıtak EA, Budak E, Kaya Ö, Öz Ş, Şahin S, Taran N et al. (2010) Başkent Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastalıklara karşı inançlarının belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 17:68-73.
8. Demirbaş N, İlhan ÖA, Karaoğlu N, Tosun M (2024) Attitudes of teachers towards individuals with mental health problems and affecting factors. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 34:201-206.

9. Dikec G, Kardelen C, Pilz González L, Mohammadzadeh M, Bilaç Ö, Stock C (2022) Perceptions and experiences of adolescents with mental disorders and their parents about psychotropic medications in Turkey: a qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19:9589.
10. Downey PM, Collins JC, El-Den S, O’Reilly CL (2026) Caregivers’ perspectives regarding the use of psychotropic medication in children and young adults: a systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 72:728-744.
11. Gur K, Sener N, Kucuk L, Cetindag Z, Basar M (2012) The beliefs of teachers toward mental illness. Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 47:1146-1152.
12. Günay S, Bekitkol T, Ekitli BG, Yıldırım S (2016) Bir hemşirelik fakültesindeki öğrencilerin ruhsal hastalığa yönelik inançlarının belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 7:129-134.
13. Hirai M, Clum GA (2000) Development, reliability, and validity of the beliefs toward mental illness scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 22:221-236.
14. Kutuk MO, Durmus E, Gokcen C, Toros F, Guler G, Evegu E (2016) Determination of beliefs, attitudes of consulting teachers towards mental diseases, and referral reasons of their students to a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Dusunen Adam, 29:227-236.
15. Liang C, Zhang X, Chen Y (2026) Meta-analysis of the effects of mental health literacy intervention on teachers: knowledge, stigma, help-seeking, and helping. Front Psychol, 16:1700220.
16. Lien MT, Carlson JS, Hunter-Oehmke S, Knapp KA (2007) A pilot investigation of teachers' perceptions of psychotropic drug use in schools. J Atten Disord, 11:172-177.
17. Luo Z, Zhu L, Shan S, Zhou J, Ying J, Jiang D et al. (2026) Global, regional, and national burden of five major mental disorders in working-age population, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. J Affect Disord, 403:121243.
18. Nam SK, Chu HJ, Lee MK, Lee JH, Kim N, Lee SM (2010) A meta-analysis of gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. J Am Coll Health, 59:110-116.
19. Reinke WM, Stormont M, Herman KC, Puri R, Goel N (2011) Supporting children's mental health in schools: teacher perceptions of needs, roles, and barriers. Sch Psychol Q, 26:1-13.
20. Ryan JB, Reid R, Ellis C (2008) Special educators' knowledge regarding psychotropic interventions for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Remedial Spec Educ, 29:269-279.
21. Santomauro DF, Miller PA, Shadid J, Hanson SW, Vo A, Roy DJ et al. (2026) Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet, 407:2040-2064.
22. Sluiter MN, Wienen AW, Thoutenhoofd ED, Doornenbal JM, Batstra L (2019) Teachers’ role and attitudes concerning ADHD medication: a qualitative analysis. Psychol Sch, 56:1259-1270.
23. Snider VE, Busch T, Arrowood L (2003) Teacher knowledge of stimulant medication and ADHD. Remedial Spec Educ, 24:46-56.
24. Uzman E, Telef BB (2015) Prospective teachers’ mental health and their help-seeking behaviours. Dusunen Adam, 28:242-254.
25. Ünal S, Hisar F, Özgüven Z (2010) University students' beliefs about mental illness. Dusunen Adam, 23:145-150.
26. WHO (2025) World Mental Health Today: Latest Data. Geneva, World Health Organization.
27. Yamaguchi S, Foo JC, Nishida A, Ogawa S, Togo F, Sasaki T (2020) Mental health literacy programs for school teachers: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Early Interv Psychiatry, 14:14-25.
28. Yuan Q, Abdin E, Picco L, Vaingankar JA, Shahwan S, Jeyagurunathan A et al. (2016) Attitudes to mental illness and its demographic correlates among general population in Singapore. PLoS One, 11:e0167297.