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Yeni Bir Nöropsikolojik Kavram Olarak Tamamlanma İhtiyacı

Yıl 2016, , 290 - 299, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238190

Öz

Bilişsel tamamlanma ihtiyacı, son zamanlarda davranışsal nörobilimin önem kazanmaya başlayan konularından biridir ve bireyin belirli bir konuda karmaşa ve belirsizlik yerine kesin bir bilgiye ulaşma ihtiyacı, karar verme arzusu olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada tamamlanma ihtiyacı kavramı, kısa bir gözden geçirme ile kuramsal ve görgül çalışmalar bağlamında detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, bu yazıda tamamlanma ihtiyacı ile ruh sağlığı ilişkisi de ele alınmıştır. Literatürde, tamamlanma ihtiyacı konusunda birkaç temel kuramsal açıklamanın yanında çok az görgül çalışmanın olduğu da dikkati çekmektedir. Bu yazıda ağırlıklı olarak tamamlanma ihtiyacıyla ilgili temel açıklamaları yapan Kruglanski’nin kuramına yer verilmiştir.


Kaynakça

  • Aster EV (1994) Bilgi Teorisi ve Mantık (Çev. M Gökberk). İstanbul, Sosyal Yayınları.
  • Bar-Tal Y (1994) The effect of mundane decision-making of the need and ability to achieve cognitive structure. Eur J Pers, 8:45- 58.
  • Berenbaum H, Bredemeier K, Thompson RJ (2008) Intolerance of uncertainty: exploring its dimensionality and associations with need for cognitive closure, psycho-pathology and personality. J Anxiety Disord, 22:117-125.
  • Buhr K, Dugas MJ (2002) The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: psychometric properties of the English version. Behav Res Ther, 40:931-946.
  • Cacioppo JT, Petty RE (1982) The need for cognition. J Pers Soc Psychol, 42:116-131.
  • Calogero RM, Bardi A, Sutton RM (2009) A need basis for values: associations between the need for cognitive closure and value priorities. Pers Individ Dif, 46:154-159.
  • Carleton RN, Norton MA, Asmundson GJG (2007) Fearing the unknown: a short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. J Anxiety Disord, 21:105-117.
  • Chiu CY, Morris MW, Hong YY, Menon T (2000) Motivated cultural cognition: the impact of implicit cultural theories on dispositional attribution varies as a function of need for closure. J Pers Soc Psychol, 78:247-259.
  • Côté JE (1997) An empirical test of the identity capital model. J Adolesc, 20:577-597.
  • Crigger NJ (1996) Testing an uncertainty model for women with multiple sclerosis. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 18:37-47.
  • Dawkins R (2002) Kör Saatçi (Çev. F Halatçı). Ankara, Tübitak.
  • De Backer AK, Crowson HM (2008) Measuring need for closure in classroom learners. Contemp Educ Psychol, 33:711-732.
  • Deryakulu D, Bıkmaz F (2003) Bilimsel Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama, 2:243-257.
  • Dugas MJ, Gagnon F, Ladouceur R, Freeston MH (1998) Generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behav Res Ther, 36:215-226.
  • Dugas MJ, Hedayati M, Karavidas A, Buhr K, Francis K, Phillips NA (2005) Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cogn Ther Res, 29:57-70.
  • Dugas MJ, Ladouceur R, Léger E, Freeston MH, Langlois F, Provencher MD et al. (2003) Group cognitivebehavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long term follow up. J Cons Clin Psychol, 71:821-825.
  • Dugas MJ, Marchand A, Ladouceur R (2005) Further validation of a cognitive behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: Diagnostic and symptom specificity. J Anxiety Disord, 19:329-343.
  • Dugas MJ, Schwartz A, Francis K (2004) Intolerance of uncertainty, worry and depression. Cogn Ther Res, 28:835-842.
  • Farrell L, Barrett P (2006) OCD across the developmental trajectory: cognitive processing of threat in children, adolescents and adults. Br J Psychol, 97:95-114.
  • Fazio RH, Zanna MP, Cooper J (1977) Dissonance and self-perception: an integrative view of each theory’s proper domain of application. J Exp Soc Psychol, 13:464-479.
  • Heaton AW, Kruglanski AW (1991) Person perception by introvert and extroverts under time pressure: need for closure effects. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 17:161-165.
  • Holaway RM, Heimberg RM, Coles ME (2006) A comparison of intolerance of uncertainty in analogue obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 20:158-174.
  • Jost JT, Glaser J, Kruglanski AW, Sullaway FJ (2003) Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychol Bull, 129:339- 375.
  • Kahneman D, Tversky A (1979) Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Economics, 47:263-292.
  • Keller J (2005) In genes we trust: the biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. J Pers Soc Psychol, 88:686-702.
  • Kemelmeimer M (1997) Need for closure and political orientation among German university students. J Soc Psychol, 137:787-789.
  • Kemelmeier M (2010) Authoritarianism and its relationship with intuitive-experiential cognitive style and heuristic processing. Pers Individ Dif, 48:44-48.
  • Koerner N, Dugas MJ (2008) An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognit Ther Res, 32:619-638.
  • Kosic A, Kruglanski WA, Pierro A, Manetti L. (2004) The social cognitions of immigrants’ acculturation: effects of the closure and the reference group at entry. J Pers Soc Psychol, 86:796-813.
  • Kossawska M, Van Hiel A (2003) The relationship between need for closure and conservative beliefs in western and eastern Europe. Polit Psychol, 24:501-518.
  • Krohne HW (1993) Attention and Avoidance: Strategies in Coping with Aversiveness. Seattle, WA, Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Kruglanski AW (1990) Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution. In The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundation of Social Behavior, 2nd ed. (Eds ET Higgins, RM Sorrentino):333-368. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Kruglanski AW, Ajzen I (1983) Bias and error in human judgment. Eur J Soc Psychol, 13:1-44.
  • Kruglanski AW, De Grada E, Mannetti L, Atash MN, Webster DM (1997) Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay- saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) critique of the Need for Closure Scale. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73:1005-1016.
  • Kruglanski AW, Dechesne M, Orehek E, Pierro A (2009) Three decades of lay epistemics: the why, how, and who of knowledge formation. Eur Rev Soc Psychol, 20:146-191.
  • Kruglanski AW, Mayseless O (1988) Contextual effects in hypothesis testing: the role of competing alternatives and epistemic motivations. Soc Cogn, 6:1-21.
  • Kruglanski AW, Webster DM (1996) Motivated closing of the mind: “seizing” and “freezing”. Psychol Rev, 103:263-283.
  • Kruglanski AW, Webster DM, Klem A (1993) Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:861-877.
  • Ladouceur R, Gosselin P, Dugas MJ (2000) Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behav Res Ther, 38:933-941.
  • Leite C, Kuiper N (2008) Client uncertainty and the process of change in psychotherapy: The impact of individual differences in self-concept clarity and intolerance of uncertainty. J Contemp Psychother, 38:55-64.
  • Manetti L, Pierro A, Kruglanski A, Taris T, Bezinovic P (2002) A cross-cultural study of the need for cognitive closure scale: comparing its structure in Croatia, Italy, USA and the Netherlands. Br J Soc Psychol, 41:139-156.
  • Mayseless O, Kruglanski AW (1987) What makes you so sure? effects of epistemic motivations on judgmental confidence. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process, 39:162-183.
  • Moneta GB, Yip PPY (2004) Construct validity of the scores of the Chinese version of the need for closure scale. Educ Psychol Meas, 64:531-548.
  • Neuberg SL, West SG, Judice TN, Thompson MM (1997) On dimensionality, discriminant validity, and the role of psychometric analyses in personality theory and measurement: Reply to Kruglanski et. al.'s (1997) defense of the Need for Closure Scale. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73:1017-1029.
  • Neuberg SL, Judice TN, West SG (1997) What the need for Closure Scale measures and what it does not: Toward differentiating among related epistemic motives. J Pers Soc Psychol, 72:1396-1412.
  • Pierro A, Cicero L, Bonaiuta M, Knippenberg D, Kruglanski AW (2005) Leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of need for cognitive closure. Leadersh Q, 16:503-516.
  • Reynolds S, Reeves J (2008) Do cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder apply to children and adolescents? Behav Cogn Psychother, 36:463-471.
  • Roets A (2007) The need for closure concept disclosed: delineating motivation from ability in human decision-making (Doctoral thesis). Ghent, Belgium, Ghent University.
  • Roets A, Soetens B (2010) Need and ability to achieve closure: relationships with symptoms of psychopathology. Pers Individ Dif, 46:60-65.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2011) Item selection and validation of a brief, 15-item version of the Need for Closure Scale. Pers Individ Dif, 50:90-94.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2007) Separating ability from need: clarifying the dimensional structure of the need for closure scale. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 33:266-280.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2008) Why some hate to dilly-dally and others do not: the arousal- invoking capacity of decision making for low-and high-scoring need for closure individuals. Soc Cogn, 26:333-346.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A, Cornelis I (2006) The dimensional structure of the need for closure scale: relationships with seizing and freezing processes. Soc Cogn, 24:22-45.
  • Rosen NO, Ivanova E, Knauper B (2014) Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct conctructs. Anxiety Stress & Coping, 27:55-73.
  • Sarı S (2007) Sürekli kaygının yordayıcıları olarak belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, endişe ile ilgili inançlar ve kontrol odağının incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Sarı S, Dağ İ (2009) Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe ile İlgili Olumlu İnançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10:261-270.
  • Sevinçok L (2007) Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10:3-12.
  • Sica C, Coradeschi D, Sanavio E, Dorz S, Manchisi D, Novara C (2004) A study of the psychometric properties of the obsessive beliefs inventory and interpretations of intrusions inventory on clinical Italian individuals. J Anxiety Disord, 18:291-307.
  • Şeker BD, Akman E (2015) Bilişsel Kapalılık İhtiyacı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 18:51-66.
  • Tsai W (2000) Social capital, strategic relatedness and the formation of intraorganizational linkages. Strategic Management Journal, 21:925-939.
  • Van Hiel A ve Mervielde I (2002) Explaining conservative beliefs and political preferences: a comparison of social dominance orientation and authoritarianism. J Appl Soc Psychol, 32:965-976.
  • Van Hiel A, Mervielde I (2004) Openness to experience and boundaries in the mind: relationships with cultural and economic conservative beliefs. J Pers, 72:659-686.
  • Vermeir I, Van Kenhove P (2005) The influence of need for closure and perceived time pressure on the search for price and promotional information. Psychology & Marketing, 22:71-95.
  • Vermeir I, Van Kenhove P, Hendrickx H (2002) The influence of need for closure on consumer's choice behavior. J Econ Psychol, 23:703-727.
  • Webster D, Kruglanski AW (1994) Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. J Pers Soc Psychol, 67:1049-106.
  • Webster DM, Kruglanski AW (1998) Cognitive and social consequences of the motivation for closure. Eur Rev Soc Psychol, 8:133- 146.
  • Yee N, Bailenson JN, Ducheneaut N (2009) The proteus effect implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior. Communic Res, 36:285-312.
  • Zeigarnik B (1927) On finished and unfinished tasks (Über das behalten von erledigten und unerledigten handlungen), Psychol Forsch, 9:22-28. Hasan Atak, University of Minnesota, USA; Moin Syed, University of Minnesota, USA; Figen Çok, TED Üniversitesi, Ankara; Zahide Tonga, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale.

Need for Closure as a New Neuropsychological Concept

Yıl 2016, , 290 - 299, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238190

Öz

Need for cognitive closure, is one of the basic topics of behavioral neuroscience which has recently gained greater attention, and can be defined as the desire for an answer on a given topic, any answer, compared to confusion and ambiguity. This study addresses need for closure concept, in detail, both in terms of the foundational theoretical work and past empirical studies. In this study, the concept of need for closure is discussed with a brief review in the context of the theoretical and empirical studies. In addition, in this review, the relationship between need for closure and mental health is discussed. In addition to the basic theoretical issues, in this review we cover the major empirical studies about need for closure. In particular, we review Kruglanski’s theory about need for closure, which have been highly influential.


Kaynakça

  • Aster EV (1994) Bilgi Teorisi ve Mantık (Çev. M Gökberk). İstanbul, Sosyal Yayınları.
  • Bar-Tal Y (1994) The effect of mundane decision-making of the need and ability to achieve cognitive structure. Eur J Pers, 8:45- 58.
  • Berenbaum H, Bredemeier K, Thompson RJ (2008) Intolerance of uncertainty: exploring its dimensionality and associations with need for cognitive closure, psycho-pathology and personality. J Anxiety Disord, 22:117-125.
  • Buhr K, Dugas MJ (2002) The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: psychometric properties of the English version. Behav Res Ther, 40:931-946.
  • Cacioppo JT, Petty RE (1982) The need for cognition. J Pers Soc Psychol, 42:116-131.
  • Calogero RM, Bardi A, Sutton RM (2009) A need basis for values: associations between the need for cognitive closure and value priorities. Pers Individ Dif, 46:154-159.
  • Carleton RN, Norton MA, Asmundson GJG (2007) Fearing the unknown: a short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. J Anxiety Disord, 21:105-117.
  • Chiu CY, Morris MW, Hong YY, Menon T (2000) Motivated cultural cognition: the impact of implicit cultural theories on dispositional attribution varies as a function of need for closure. J Pers Soc Psychol, 78:247-259.
  • Côté JE (1997) An empirical test of the identity capital model. J Adolesc, 20:577-597.
  • Crigger NJ (1996) Testing an uncertainty model for women with multiple sclerosis. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 18:37-47.
  • Dawkins R (2002) Kör Saatçi (Çev. F Halatçı). Ankara, Tübitak.
  • De Backer AK, Crowson HM (2008) Measuring need for closure in classroom learners. Contemp Educ Psychol, 33:711-732.
  • Deryakulu D, Bıkmaz F (2003) Bilimsel Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama, 2:243-257.
  • Dugas MJ, Gagnon F, Ladouceur R, Freeston MH (1998) Generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behav Res Ther, 36:215-226.
  • Dugas MJ, Hedayati M, Karavidas A, Buhr K, Francis K, Phillips NA (2005) Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cogn Ther Res, 29:57-70.
  • Dugas MJ, Ladouceur R, Léger E, Freeston MH, Langlois F, Provencher MD et al. (2003) Group cognitivebehavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long term follow up. J Cons Clin Psychol, 71:821-825.
  • Dugas MJ, Marchand A, Ladouceur R (2005) Further validation of a cognitive behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: Diagnostic and symptom specificity. J Anxiety Disord, 19:329-343.
  • Dugas MJ, Schwartz A, Francis K (2004) Intolerance of uncertainty, worry and depression. Cogn Ther Res, 28:835-842.
  • Farrell L, Barrett P (2006) OCD across the developmental trajectory: cognitive processing of threat in children, adolescents and adults. Br J Psychol, 97:95-114.
  • Fazio RH, Zanna MP, Cooper J (1977) Dissonance and self-perception: an integrative view of each theory’s proper domain of application. J Exp Soc Psychol, 13:464-479.
  • Heaton AW, Kruglanski AW (1991) Person perception by introvert and extroverts under time pressure: need for closure effects. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 17:161-165.
  • Holaway RM, Heimberg RM, Coles ME (2006) A comparison of intolerance of uncertainty in analogue obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 20:158-174.
  • Jost JT, Glaser J, Kruglanski AW, Sullaway FJ (2003) Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychol Bull, 129:339- 375.
  • Kahneman D, Tversky A (1979) Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Economics, 47:263-292.
  • Keller J (2005) In genes we trust: the biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. J Pers Soc Psychol, 88:686-702.
  • Kemelmeimer M (1997) Need for closure and political orientation among German university students. J Soc Psychol, 137:787-789.
  • Kemelmeier M (2010) Authoritarianism and its relationship with intuitive-experiential cognitive style and heuristic processing. Pers Individ Dif, 48:44-48.
  • Koerner N, Dugas MJ (2008) An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognit Ther Res, 32:619-638.
  • Kosic A, Kruglanski WA, Pierro A, Manetti L. (2004) The social cognitions of immigrants’ acculturation: effects of the closure and the reference group at entry. J Pers Soc Psychol, 86:796-813.
  • Kossawska M, Van Hiel A (2003) The relationship between need for closure and conservative beliefs in western and eastern Europe. Polit Psychol, 24:501-518.
  • Krohne HW (1993) Attention and Avoidance: Strategies in Coping with Aversiveness. Seattle, WA, Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Kruglanski AW (1990) Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution. In The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundation of Social Behavior, 2nd ed. (Eds ET Higgins, RM Sorrentino):333-368. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Kruglanski AW, Ajzen I (1983) Bias and error in human judgment. Eur J Soc Psychol, 13:1-44.
  • Kruglanski AW, De Grada E, Mannetti L, Atash MN, Webster DM (1997) Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay- saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) critique of the Need for Closure Scale. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73:1005-1016.
  • Kruglanski AW, Dechesne M, Orehek E, Pierro A (2009) Three decades of lay epistemics: the why, how, and who of knowledge formation. Eur Rev Soc Psychol, 20:146-191.
  • Kruglanski AW, Mayseless O (1988) Contextual effects in hypothesis testing: the role of competing alternatives and epistemic motivations. Soc Cogn, 6:1-21.
  • Kruglanski AW, Webster DM (1996) Motivated closing of the mind: “seizing” and “freezing”. Psychol Rev, 103:263-283.
  • Kruglanski AW, Webster DM, Klem A (1993) Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:861-877.
  • Ladouceur R, Gosselin P, Dugas MJ (2000) Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behav Res Ther, 38:933-941.
  • Leite C, Kuiper N (2008) Client uncertainty and the process of change in psychotherapy: The impact of individual differences in self-concept clarity and intolerance of uncertainty. J Contemp Psychother, 38:55-64.
  • Manetti L, Pierro A, Kruglanski A, Taris T, Bezinovic P (2002) A cross-cultural study of the need for cognitive closure scale: comparing its structure in Croatia, Italy, USA and the Netherlands. Br J Soc Psychol, 41:139-156.
  • Mayseless O, Kruglanski AW (1987) What makes you so sure? effects of epistemic motivations on judgmental confidence. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process, 39:162-183.
  • Moneta GB, Yip PPY (2004) Construct validity of the scores of the Chinese version of the need for closure scale. Educ Psychol Meas, 64:531-548.
  • Neuberg SL, West SG, Judice TN, Thompson MM (1997) On dimensionality, discriminant validity, and the role of psychometric analyses in personality theory and measurement: Reply to Kruglanski et. al.'s (1997) defense of the Need for Closure Scale. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73:1017-1029.
  • Neuberg SL, Judice TN, West SG (1997) What the need for Closure Scale measures and what it does not: Toward differentiating among related epistemic motives. J Pers Soc Psychol, 72:1396-1412.
  • Pierro A, Cicero L, Bonaiuta M, Knippenberg D, Kruglanski AW (2005) Leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of need for cognitive closure. Leadersh Q, 16:503-516.
  • Reynolds S, Reeves J (2008) Do cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder apply to children and adolescents? Behav Cogn Psychother, 36:463-471.
  • Roets A (2007) The need for closure concept disclosed: delineating motivation from ability in human decision-making (Doctoral thesis). Ghent, Belgium, Ghent University.
  • Roets A, Soetens B (2010) Need and ability to achieve closure: relationships with symptoms of psychopathology. Pers Individ Dif, 46:60-65.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2011) Item selection and validation of a brief, 15-item version of the Need for Closure Scale. Pers Individ Dif, 50:90-94.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2007) Separating ability from need: clarifying the dimensional structure of the need for closure scale. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 33:266-280.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A (2008) Why some hate to dilly-dally and others do not: the arousal- invoking capacity of decision making for low-and high-scoring need for closure individuals. Soc Cogn, 26:333-346.
  • Roets A, Van Hiel A, Cornelis I (2006) The dimensional structure of the need for closure scale: relationships with seizing and freezing processes. Soc Cogn, 24:22-45.
  • Rosen NO, Ivanova E, Knauper B (2014) Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct conctructs. Anxiety Stress & Coping, 27:55-73.
  • Sarı S (2007) Sürekli kaygının yordayıcıları olarak belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, endişe ile ilgili inançlar ve kontrol odağının incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Sarı S, Dağ İ (2009) Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe ile İlgili Olumlu İnançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10:261-270.
  • Sevinçok L (2007) Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10:3-12.
  • Sica C, Coradeschi D, Sanavio E, Dorz S, Manchisi D, Novara C (2004) A study of the psychometric properties of the obsessive beliefs inventory and interpretations of intrusions inventory on clinical Italian individuals. J Anxiety Disord, 18:291-307.
  • Şeker BD, Akman E (2015) Bilişsel Kapalılık İhtiyacı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 18:51-66.
  • Tsai W (2000) Social capital, strategic relatedness and the formation of intraorganizational linkages. Strategic Management Journal, 21:925-939.
  • Van Hiel A ve Mervielde I (2002) Explaining conservative beliefs and political preferences: a comparison of social dominance orientation and authoritarianism. J Appl Soc Psychol, 32:965-976.
  • Van Hiel A, Mervielde I (2004) Openness to experience and boundaries in the mind: relationships with cultural and economic conservative beliefs. J Pers, 72:659-686.
  • Vermeir I, Van Kenhove P (2005) The influence of need for closure and perceived time pressure on the search for price and promotional information. Psychology & Marketing, 22:71-95.
  • Vermeir I, Van Kenhove P, Hendrickx H (2002) The influence of need for closure on consumer's choice behavior. J Econ Psychol, 23:703-727.
  • Webster D, Kruglanski AW (1994) Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. J Pers Soc Psychol, 67:1049-106.
  • Webster DM, Kruglanski AW (1998) Cognitive and social consequences of the motivation for closure. Eur Rev Soc Psychol, 8:133- 146.
  • Yee N, Bailenson JN, Ducheneaut N (2009) The proteus effect implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior. Communic Res, 36:285-312.
  • Zeigarnik B (1927) On finished and unfinished tasks (Über das behalten von erledigten und unerledigten handlungen), Psychol Forsch, 9:22-28. Hasan Atak, University of Minnesota, USA; Moin Syed, University of Minnesota, USA; Figen Çok, TED Üniversitesi, Ankara; Zahide Tonga, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Hasan Atak Bu kişi benim

Moin Syed Bu kişi benim

Figen Çok Bu kişi benim

Zahide Tonga Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2016
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016

Kaynak Göster

AMA Atak H, Syed M, Çok F, Tonga Z. Yeni Bir Nöropsikolojik Kavram Olarak Tamamlanma İhtiyacı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2016;8(3):290-299. doi:10.18863/pgy.238190

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.