Effectiveness of Psychotherapy Based Interventions for Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Grief is a normal, dynamic and multidimensional process, which relates to the individuality and uniqueness of reactions to loss. However, complicated grief is a syndrome where normal grief is unusually prolonged because of complications in the natural healing process. Approximately one third of grieving individuals develop complicated grief symptoms. The individuals suffering from complicated grief tend to report clinical complaints that refer to anxiety, depression, psychical symptoms and life-threatening behaviours. The aims of this study were: to identify which psychother-apy-based interventions were designed for the treatment of complicated grief; and to make an infer-ence about the effect of these interventions.

Keywords

• complicated,prolonged,grief,treatment,systematic review

Patolojik Yas Terapilerinin Etkinliği: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Yas tutmak, kaybın ardından kayba verilen tepkinin benzersizliği ile ilişkili olarak gelişen doğal, dinamik ve çok boyutlu bir süreçtir. Patolojik yas ise,  bireyin doğal iyileşme sürecinde ortaya çıkan komplikasyonlar nedeniyle normal yas sürecinin alışılmadık şekilde uzadığı bir sendromdur. Yas tutan bireylerin yaklaşık üçte biri patolojik yas belirtileri göstermektedir. Patolojik yas yaşayan bireylerin kaygı, depresyon, fiziksel belirtiler ve yaşamı tehdit eden davranışları ifade eden bazı klinik şikâyetleri rapor etme eğiliminde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, patolojik yas tedavisi için geliştirilmiş olan psikoterapi modellerini tespit etmek ve bu modellerin yas sürecine uyum üzerindeki etkileri hakkında çıkarım yapmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• patolojik,yas,sistematik derleme,psikoterapi

Kaynakça

1. Allumbaugh, Denise Litterer, and William T. Hoyt. 1999. "Effectiveness of grief therapy: A meta-analysis." Journal of Counseling Psychology 46 (3):370-380.
2. Asukai, Nozomu, Nobuko Tsuruta, and Azusa Saito. 2011. "Pilot study on traumatic grief treatment program for Japanese women bereaved by violent death." Journal of Traumatic Stress 24 (4):470-473.
3. Barbosa, Virginia, Mónica Sá, and José Carlos Rocha. 2014. "Randomised Controlled Trial Of A Cognitive Narrative Intervention For Complicated Grief In Widowhood." Aging & Mental Health, 354–362.
4. Bhattacharya, Bidita. 2014. "Cognitive Behavioural Intervention in Prolonged Grief Reaction: Case Series." Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.
5. Boelen, P. A. 2006. "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for complicated grief: Theoretical underpinnings and case descriptions." Journal of Loss & Trauma 11 (1):1-30. doi: 10.1080/15325020500193655.
6. Boelen, Paul A., Jos de Keijser, Marcel A. van den Hout, and Jan van den Bout. 2007. "Treatment of complicated grief: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 75 (2):277-284.
7. Boelen, Paul A., Jos de Keijser, Marcel A. van den Hout, and Jan van den Bout. 2011. "Factors Associated with Outcome of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Complicated Grief: A Preliminary Study." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 18 (4):284-291. doi: 10.1002/cpp.720.
8. Botella, C., J. Osma, A. García Palacios, V. Guillén, and R. Baños. 2008. "Treatment of complicated grief using virtual reality: A case report." Death Studies 32 (7):674-692.

9. Bryant, Richard A., Lucy Kenny, Amy Joscelyne, Natasha Rawsol, Fiona Maccallum, Catherine Cahilll, Sally Hopwood, Idan Aderka, and Angela Nickerson. 2014. "Treating Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial." JAMA Psychiatry, 1332-1339.
10. Currier, Joseph, Robert Neimeyer, and Jeffrey Berman. 2008. "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Bereaved Persons:A Comprehensive Quantitative Review." Psychological Bulletin, 648–661.
11. Eisma, Maarten C., Paul A. Boelen, Jan van den Bout, Wolfgang Stroebe, Henk A.W. Schut, Jaap Lancee, and Margaret S. Stroebe. 2015. "Internet-Based Exposure and Behavioral Activation for Complicated Grief and Rumination: A Randomized Controlled Trial." ScienceDirect, 729–748.
12. Groot, Marieke, Jos Kejiser, Jan Neeleman, Ad Kerkhof, Willem Nolen, and Huibert Burger. 2007. "Cognitive behaviour therapy to prevent complicated grief among relatives and spouses bereaved by suicide: cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ.
13. Hemigway, Pippa, and Nic Brereton. 2009. "What is a systematic review?". Hayward Group Ltd. Accessed 29 June. http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicine.ox.ac.uk%2Fbandolier%2Fpainres%2Fdownload%2Fwhatis%2Fsyst-review.pdf&ei=JmzPUYuXJ6mH4AT35IDwBQ&usg=AFQjCNEOOzokdEsCpZcCv6UJqAIS3iDSJw&bvm=bv.48572450,d.bGE.
14. Kersting, Anette, Elmar Brähler, Heide Glaesmer, and Birgit Wagner. 2011. "Prevalence of complicated grief in a representative population-based sample." Journal of Affective Disorders 131 (1–3):339-343. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.032.
15. Kristjanson, L, L Monterosso, E Lobb, and S Aoun. 2006. the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. www.health.gov.au.
16. Malkinson, Ruth. 2001. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Grief: A Review and Application." Research on Social Work Practice, November, 671-698.
17. McDaid, C., R. Trowman, S. Golder, K. Hawton, and A. Sowden. 2008. "Interventions for people bereaved through suicide: systematic review." Br J Psychiatry 193 (6):438-43. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040824.
18. Miller, M. D. 2012. "Complicated grief in late life." Dialogues Clin Neurosci 14 (2):195-202.
19. Pace, Romina, Pierre Pluye, Gillian Bartlett, Ann C. Macaulay, Jon Salsberg, Justin Jagosh, and Robbyn Seller. 2012. "Testing the reliability and efficiency of the pilot Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for systematic mixed studies review." International Journal of Nursing Studies (49):47-53.
20. Peri, Tuvia, Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon, Sharon Garber, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach, and Paul A. Boelen. 2016. "Narrative Reconstruction Therapy for Prolonged Grief Disorder: Rationale and Case Study." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2016, 7: 30687.
21. Piper, William E., Mary McCallum, Anthony S. Joyce, John S. Rosie, and John S. Ogrodniczuk. 2001. "Patient personality and time-limited group psychotherapy for complicated grief." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 51 (4):525-552.
22. Piper, William E., John S. Ogrodniczuk, Anthony S. Joyce, Rene Weideman, and John S. Rosie. 2007. "Group composition and group therapy for complicated grief." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 75 (1):116-125.
23. Popay, Jennie, Helen Roberts, Amanda Sowden, Mark Petticrew, Lisa Arai, Mark Rodgers, Nicky Britten, Katrina Roen, and Steven Duffy. 2006. Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews. In A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme.
24. Raphael, Beverley. 1994. The Anatomy of Bereavement. New Jersey: Jason Aronson Inc.
25. Rosner, Rita, Helga Bartl, Gabriele Pfoh, MichaelaKotoučová, and Maria Hagl. 2015. "Efficacy of an integrative CBT for prolonged grief disorder: A long-term follow-up." Journal of Affective Disorders, 106–112.
26. Rosner, Rita, Gabriele Pfoh, and Michaela Kotoucova. 2011. "Treatment of complicated grief." European journal of psychotraumatology 2. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.7995.
27. Rosner, Rita, Gabriele Pfoh, Michaela Kotoučová, and Maria Hagl. 2014. "Efficacy of an outpatient treatment for prolonged grief disorder: A randomized controlled clinical trial." Journal of Affective Disorders, 56–63.
28. Shear, Katherine, Ellen Frank, Patricia R. Houck, and Charles F. Reynolds, III. 2005. "Treatment of Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 293 (21):2601-2608.
29. Shear, M. Katherine, Ellen Frank, Edna Foa, Christine Cherry, Charles F. Reynolds, III, Joni Vander Bilt, and Sophia Masters. 2001. "Traumatic grief treatment: A pilot study." The American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (9):1506-1508.
30. Shear, M. Katherine, YuanjiaWang, Natalia Skritskaya, and Naihua Duan. 2014. Treatment of Complicated Grief in Elderly Persons: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Accessed 09 24.
31. Simon, N. M. 2013. "Treating complicated grief." Jama 310 (4):416-23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.8614.
32. Supiano, Katherine P., and Marilyn Luptak. 2013. "Complicated Grief in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Complicated Grief Group Therapy." The Gerontologist, 840–856.
33. Wagner, B., and A. Maercker. 2007. "A 1.5-year follow-up of an Internet-based intervention for complicated grief." J Trauma Stress 20 (4):625-9. doi: 10.1002/jts.20230.
34. Wagner, Birgit, Christine Knaevelsrud, and Andreas Maercker. 2005. "Internet-Based Treatment for Complicated Grief: Concepts and Case Study." Journal of Loss and Trauma 10 (5):409-432.
35. Wagner, Birgit, Christine Knaevelsrud, and Andreas Maercker. 2006. "Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Death Studies 30 (5):429-453.
36. Wittouck, Ciska, Sara Van Autreve, Eva De Jaegere, Gwendolyn Portzky, and Kees van Heeringen. 2011. "The prevention and treatment of complicated grief: A meta-analysis." Clinical Psychology Review 31 (1):69-78.
37. Worden, William. 1991. Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy a Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner. London: Routledge.