Complicated Grief: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Assessment and Diagnosis

Abstract

A loss is an adverse external event which a person has no control over and changes one's belief system and cognitions. Normal grief is a normal reaction to loss and refers to the distress resulting from bereavement. However, complicated grief is a syndrome where normal grief is unusually prolonged because of complications in the natural healing process; namely the insufficient integration of a new situation into pre-existing cognitive structures and distorted beliefs during the grieving process. Complicated Grief is a disorder characterised by an inability to accept the death, intense yearning, avoidance, somatic distress, social withdrawal and suicidal ideation and has a distinct cluster of symptoms which can be distinguished from other psychiatric disorders. The aims of this review are to give an overview of abnormal forms of grief reactions and risk factors, to introduce proposed diagnos-tic criteria for complicated grief, to inform about the assessment tools, and to demonstrate the distinction between complicated grief and other psychiatric disorders.

Keywords

• complicated
• prolonged
• pathological
• traumatic
• grief
• bereavement.

Komplike Yas: Epidemiyoloji, Klinik Özellikler, Değerlendirme ve Tanı

Öz

Kayıp, üzerinde kontrol sahibi olunamayan bireylerin inanç sistemlerinin ve algılayış biçimlerinin değişmesine sebep olan olumsuz bir olaydır.  Normal yas kayba karşı verilen normal bir tepki olup, kederden kaynaklanan sıkıntıyı ifade eder. Komplike yas ise,  yeni durumun var olan bilişsel yapıya yeterince entegre edilememesi ve yas tutma sürecindeki çarpıtılmış inançlar gibi bireyin iyileşme sürecinde ortaya çıkan komplikasyonlar nedeniyle yas sürecinin alışılmadık şekilde uzadığı bir send-romdur. Komplike yas ölümün gerçekliğini kabul edememe, yoğun özlem duyma, kaçınma davranışı, bedensel sıkıntı, sosyal geri çekilme ve intihar düşüncesiyle karakterize edilebilen ve diğer psikolojik rahatsızlıklardan ayırt edilebilen bir sendromdur. Bu derlemenin amacı normal dışı yas tepkileri ve risk faktörleri hakkında genel bir bakış sağlamak, komplike yas için önerilen tanı ölçütlerini tanıtmak, değerlendirme araçları hakkında bilgi vermek ve komplike yas ile diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklar arasın-daki ayrımı göstermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• komplike
• uzamış
• patolojik
• travmatik
• yas
• keder

Kaynakça

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