Çalışma Yaşamından Okula: Okul Tükenmişliğine Yönelik Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar

Öz

İlk zamanlar çalışma yaşamı bağlamında ele alınan tükenmişlik kavramı, daha sonra okul ortamına uyarlanarak incelenmeye başlanmıştır. Fiziksel ve duygusal olarak enerjinin bitmesi, yapılan işe karşı ilgisiz olma ve kişisel başarı duygusunda azalma biçiminde tanımlanan tükenmişlik benzer biçimde okul tükenmişliğinin de tanımlanmasında kullanılmıştır. Son yıllarda okul bağlamında ele alınan bu kavramın, öğrencilerde depresyon, okula devamsızlık yapma, okulla bağ kurmama ve okul terki ile sonuçlandığı rapor edilmektedir. Alanyazın incelendiğinde okul tükenmişliği kavramını kuramsal anlamda ele alınan yaklaşımların daha çok, kaynakların korunması kuramı, talepler-kaynaklar modeli, sosyal bilişsel kuram, varoluşçu bakış açısı ve gelişimsel süreç modeli olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı adı geçen kuramların okul tükenmişliğine yönelik açıklamalarına yer vermek ve bu kuramlara dayalı olarak ruh sağlığı alanına ve gelecekteki araştırmacılara öneriler sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tükenmişlik,okul tükenmişliği,okul tükenmişliği kuramları

From Work Life to School: Theoretical Approaches for School Burnout

Abstract

The concept of burnout, which was dealt within the context of working life in the beginning, has begun to be examined by adapting it to the school environment. Burnout, defined as a decline of energy physically, emotionally and in the feelings of achievement of the work that is being done as well as a decline in the sense of personal achievement, is used similarly to describe school burnout. In recent years, it has been reported that this concept, addressed within the context of school, results in depres-sion, absenteeism, lack of connection with school and dropout. When the literature is examined, it is seen that the approaches to the concept of school burnout in the theoretical sense are mostly conserva-tion of resources theory, demands-resources model, social cognitive theory, existential perspective and developmental process model. The aim of this research to include explanations of the aforementioned theories on school burnout and based on these theories to present suggestions to the field of mental health and future researchers.

Keywords

• Burnout,school burnout,school burnout theories

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