Evlilik Terapilerinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Yaklaşım

Öz

Evlilik ilişkisi olumlu ve yaşamı zenginleştiren bir faktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bireylerin yaşamlarını etkileyen ciddi stres faktörlerinin de kaynağı olabilen evlilik yaşantısı içinde anlaşmazlıklar ve çatışmalar görülebilmektedir. Mevcut problemleri etkili yollarla çözebilmek, aile içindeki fonksiyonların işlevsel şekilde devamlılığını sağlamaktadır. Evlilik sorunlarını çözümlemeye yönelik geliştirilen bilişsel davranışçı terapilerde genel olarak, eşlerin gerçekçi olmayan beklentilerinin değiştirilmesi, hatalı bilişlerin düzenlenmesi ve etkileşimi geliştirmek amacıyla problem çözme, iletişim kurma becerileri gibi doğrudan beceriye dayalı yöntemler kullanılarak olumsuz davranışların değiştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Genellikle eşlerin duyguları, davranışları ve bilişleri üzerinde durulan bilişsel davranışçı evlilik terapilerinde, olumsuz davranışsal etkileşimleri azaltmak, eşlerin karşılıklı duygusal desteğini artırmak öncelikli amaçlar arasında yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda bilişsel davranışçı evlilik terapilerinin çok çeşitli bireysel, psikolojik ve tıbbi sorunları ele alacak şekilde uyarlandığı görülmektedir. Evlilik çatışması ve bireysel psikopatolojiler temelinde uygulanan bilişsel davranışçı evlilik terapisi çalışmalarının, umut verici şekilde hem ilişki uyumu açısından hem de eşlerin sahip olduğu psikopatolojinin belirtilerinin iyileşmesi açısından etkili olduğu dikkat çekici bir sonuç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel davranışçı terapi
• evlilik terapisi
• psikoterapi

Cognitive-Behavioral Approach in Marital Therapy

Öz

Marital relationship is considered as a positive and life-enriching factor. Nevertheless, there exist disagreements and conflicts in marriage, which could also be serious stressors that affect the lives of the individuals. Effective solutions for prevailing problems ensure the functional continuity of the family. Cognitive-behavioral therapies developed to resolve marital problems were commonly intended to modify the unrealistic expectations, problematic cognitions and behaviors of the spouses and to improve their interaction, using direct skill-based methods such as problem-solving and communication skills. Certain objectives of cognitive-behavioral marital therapy, which focus on the feelings, behaviors, and cognitions of spouses, include decreasing problematic behavioral interactions and increasing mutual emotional support between the spouses. In recent years, cognitive-behavioral marital therapy was adapted to address a wide range of individual, psychological, and medical problems. Cognitive-behavioral marital therapy studies based on marital conflict and individual psychopathologies are expected to be effective both for relationship compliance and for the improvement of psychopathological symptoms of the spouses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• marital therapy
• cognitive behavioral therapy

Kaynakça

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