Examining the Movie “The Intern” in Terms of Changing Life Roles of Older People

Yıl 2020, , 82 - 99, 29.12.2020

Habibe Bilgili , Nurten Karacan Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.726180

Öz

This study examines the movie “The Intern” in terms of changing life roles of older people. Document analysis, one of qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. The analysis included two categories; developmental factors based on Super’s life-span life-space approach and the factors related to retirement satisfaction. At developmental factors, two sub categories, life stages and theaters-life roles were obtained. Firstly, under life stages, some examples related to disengagement stage and to mini cycle which experienced in this stage were observed in the film. Besides, theaters and life roles pointed work, home, and leisurite roles, mostly. The factors related to retirement satisfaction were grouped under four sub-categories; individual, job, socio-economic and family factors. When the findings were reviewed context to the literature, it was observed that the findings supported the literature regarding career development of older people and they can be used as a source to provide psychological support services to older adults as well as in counseling education. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

retirement, elder

“Stajyer” Filminin İleri Yaştaki Bireylerin Yaşam Rollerindeki Değişimler Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, “Stajyer” filmi, ileri yaştaki bireylerin yaşam rollerindeki değişiklikler açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, Super’ın Yaşam Boyu Yaşam Alanı Yaklaşımına dayanan gelişimsel faktörler ve emeklilikte doyumu etkileyen faktörler olmak üzere iki kategori altında incelenmiştir. Gelişimsel faktörler olarak yaşam dönemi ve yaşam alanı-rolleri alt kategorileri elde edildi. Yaşam dönemine ilişkin geri çekilme dönemine ve bu dönem içinde yaşanılan mini döngüye örnekler gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yaşam alanı ve rolleri olarak; emekli, çalışan ve serbest zaman rolleri öne çıkmıştır. Emeklilikte doyumu etkileyen unsurlar ise; bireysel, işle ilgili, sosyoekonomik ve ailesel faktörler alt kategorileri altında toplanmıştır. Bu bulgular ilgili alan yazın kapsamında değerlendirildiğinde, bulguların ileri yaştaki bireylerin kariyer gelişiminin devam ettiğini desteklediği ve yaşlılara sunulacak psikolojik danışma hizmetleri ve psikolojik danışmanların eğitimleri için bir kaynak oluşturabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emeklilik, Emeklilikte Doyum, kariyer danışmanlığı, film, doküman analizi

Kaynakça

• Aldrich R (1962) (Yönetmen). What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (Film).
• Arpacı F (2014) Emekli bireylerin emekliliğe uyum konusundaki görüşleri ve emekliliğin yaşamlarında meydana getirdiği değişikliklerin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Endüstriyel Sanatlar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33:73-85.
• Bolier L, Haverman M, Westerhof GJ, Riper H, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E (2013) Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13:119, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-119.
• Borg C, Hallberg IR, Blomqvist, K (2006) Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self‐care capacity: The relationship to social, health and financial aspects. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15:607-618, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01375.x.
• Chen CP (2011) Life-career re-engagement: A new conceptual framework for counselling people in retirement transition-Part I. Australian Journal of Career Development, 20:25-31, doi:10.1177/103841621102000204.
• Chen TY, Chang PL, Yeh CW (2004) A study of career needs, career development programs, job satisfaction and the turnover intentions of R&D personnel. Career Development International, 9:424-437, doi:10.1108/13620430410544364.
• Chivers S (2006) Baby Jane grew up: The dramatic intersection of age with disability. Canadian Review of American Studies, 36:211-228, doi:10.3138/CRAS-s036-02-05.
• Chivers S (2011) The Silvering Screen: Old Age and Disability in Cinema. University of Toronto Press.
• Cook SL (2015) Redirection: An extension of career during retirement. The Gerontologist, 55:360-373, doi:10.1093/geront/gnt105.
• Creswell JW (2013) Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (Çeviri Ed S Demir, M Bütün). Ankara, Siyasal.
• Cuijpers P, Donker T, van Straten A, Li J, Andersson G (2010) Is guided self-help as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Psychological Medicine, 40:1943-195, doi:10.1017/S0033291710000772.
• Çakır Ö, Çınar E, Denizli U (2015) Emeklilik hazırlık programlarının, emeklilerin yaşam kalitelerini geliştirmedeki rolünün karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3:223-232.
• de Koning J, Gelderblom A (2006) ICT and older workers: No unwrinkled relationship. International Journal of Manpower. 27:467-490, doi:10.1108/01437720610683967.
• Dingemans E, Henkens K (2019) Working after retirement and life satisfaction: cross-national comparative research in Europe. Research on Aging, 41:648-669, doi:10.1177/0164027519830610.
• Donaldson T, Earl JK, Muratore AM (2010) Extending the integrated model of retirement adjustment: Incorporating mastery and retirement planning. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77:279-289, doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.03.003.
• Dordoni P, Argentero P (2015) When age stereotypes are employment barriers: a conceptual analysis and a literature review on older workers stereotypes. Ageing international, 40:393-412, doi: 10.1007/s12126-015-9222-6.
• Meyers N (2015) (Yönetmen). The Intern (Film).
• Fouquereau E, Fernandez A, Fonseca AM, Paul MC, Uotinen V (2005) Perceptions of and satisfaction with retirement: A comparison of six European Union countries. Psychology and Aging, 20:524, doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.524.
• Friedberg L (2003) The impact of technological change on older workers: Evidence from data on computer use. ILR Review, 56:511-529, doi: 10.1177/001979390305600309.
• Johnston J (1999) (Yönetmen). October Sky (Film).
• Günay G (2006). Bireylerin kişi ve aile olarak emekliliğe hazırlanmalarına ilişkin plan yapma durumlarının incelenmesi (Doktora tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
• Halleröd B, Örestig J, Stattin M (2013) Leaving the labour market: the impact of exit routes from employment to retirement on health and wellbeing in old age. European Journal of Ageing, 10:25-35. doi: 10.1007/s10433-012-0250-8.
• Hammer TR (2010) A content analysis of women's career choices in film. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5:260-274, doi: 10.1080/15401383.2010.507590.
• Harper MC, Shoffner MF (2004) Counseling for continued career development after retirement: An application of the theory of work adjustment. The Career Development Quarterly, 52:272-284, doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00648.x.
• Hebert TP, Sergent D (2005) Using movies to guide: Teachers and counselors collaborating to support gifted students. Gifted Child Today, 28:14-25, doi:10.1177/107621750502800405.
• Heo J, Lee Y (2010) Serious leisure, health perception, dispositional optimism, and life satisfaction among senior games participants. Educational Gerontology, 36:112-126, doi:10.1080/03601270903058523.
• Hobbis S, Thirlaway K, Sander L, Hendry L (2011) Retirement and lifestyle behaviours: A thematic analysis of a pilot study. Health Psychology Update, 20: 2-8.
• Houlfort N, Fernet C, Vallerand RJ, Laframboise A Guay F, Koestner R (2015) The role of passion for work and need satisfaction in psychological adjustment to retirement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88:84-94, doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.02.005.
• Hunter W, Wang WEI, Worsley A (2007) Retirement planning and expectations of Australian babyboomers: are they ready to retire?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1114:267-278, doi:10.1196/annals.1396.024.
• Jones IR, Leontowitsch M, Higgs P (2010) The experience of retirement in second modernity: Generational habitus among retired senior managers. Sociology, 44:103-120, doi: 10.1177/0038038509351610.
• Karacan-Özdemir N (2018) Ekim düşü filminin üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin kariyer gelişimleri açısından incelenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 47:31-52.
• Kim S, Feldman DC (2000) Working in retirement: The antecedents of bridge employment and its consequences for quality of life in retirement. Academy of management Journal, 43:1195-1210, doi:10.5465/1556345.
• Krumboltz JD (1993) Integrating career and personal counseling. Career Development Quarterly, 42:143–148, doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00427.x.
• Kuruoğlu H, Salman S (2017) Medyada yaşlılık ve Türk sinemasında yaşlılık temsili. Abant Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2:1-23.
• Liechty T, Genoe MR, Marston HR (2017) Physically active leisure and the transition to retirement: The value of context. Annals of Leisure Research, 20:23-38, doi:10.1080/11745398.2016.1187570.
• Maimaris W, Hogan H, Lock K (2010) The impact of working beyond traditional retirement ages on mental health: Implications for public health and welfare policy. Public Health Reviews, 32:532, doi: doi.org/10.1007/BF03391615.
• Maurer TJ, Chapman EF (2018) Relationship of proactive personality with life satisfaction during late career and early retirement. Journal of Career Development, 45:345-360, doi:10.1177/0894845317697381.
• Merriam SB (2013) Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (Çeviri Ed S Turan). Ankara, Nobel.
• Mokgolodi HL (2015). Harnessing experiential knowledge and skills of retired educators to inform career development programmes in Botswana (Doctoral dissertation). Pretori, University of Pretoria.
• Nguyen S, Tirrito TS, Barkley WM (2014) Fear as a predictor of life satisfaction in retirement in Canada. Educational Gerontology, 40:102-122, doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.802180.
• Nimrod G (2007) Retirees' leisure: Activities, benefits, and their contribution to life satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 26:65-80, doi: 10.1080/02614360500333937.
• Nuttman-Shwartz O (2004) Like a high wave: Adjustment to retirement. The Gerontologist, 44:229-236, doi:10.1093/geront/44.2.229.
• Patton MQ (2014) Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (Çeviri Ed M Bütün, SB Demir). Ankara, Pegem.
• Payne A (2002) (Yönetmen). About Schmidt (Film).
• Payne A (2017) (Yönetmen). Downsizing (Film).
• Pettican A, Prior S (2011) ‘It's a new way of life’: An exploration of the occupational transition of retirement. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74:12-19, doi:10.4276/030802211X12947686093521.
• Post C, Schneer JA, Reitman F, Ogilvie DT (2013) Pathways to retirement: A career stage analysis of retirement age expectations. Human Relations, 66:87-112, doi:10.1177/0018726712465657.
• Price CA, Balaswamy S (2009) Beyond health and wealth: Predictors of women's retirement satisfaction. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 68:195-214. doi:10.2190/AG.68.3.b.
• Robinson OC, Demetre JD, Corney R (2010) Personality and retirement: Exploring the links between the Big Five personality traits, reasons for retirement and the experience of being retired. Personality and Individual Differences, 48:792-797, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.014.
• Scholl MB, Gibson DM, Despres J, Boyarinova N (2014) Using the film October Sky to teach career counseling theories to counselors‐in‐training. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 53:2-21, doi:10.1002/j.2161-1939.2014.00046.x.
• Smith DB, Moen P (2004) Retirement satisfaction for retirees and their spouses: Do gender and the retirement decision-making process matter?. Journal of Family Issues, 25:262-285, doi:10.1177/0192513X03257366.
• Spiegel PE, Shultz KS (2003) The influence of preretirement planning and transferability of skills on naval officers' retirement satisfaction and adjustment. Military Psychology, 15:285-307, doi:10.1207/S15327876MP1504_3.
• Sprod J, Olds T, Brown W, Burton N, van Uffelen J, Ferrar K, Maher C (2017) Changes in use of time across retirement: A longitudinal study. Maturitas, 100:70-76, doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.018.
• Steffens NK, Jetten J, Haslam C, Cruwys T, Haslam SA (2016) Multiple social identities enhance health post-retirement because they are a basis for giving social support. Frontiers in psychology, 7:1519, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01519.
• Stephan Y, Caudroit J, Chalabaev A (2011) Subjective health and memory self-efficacy as mediators in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 15:428-436, doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.536138.
• Super DE (1975) Career education and career guidance for the life span and for life roles. Journal of Career Education, 2:27-42.
• Super DE (1980) A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16:282-298.
• Super DE (1984) Leisure: What it is and might be. Journal of Career Development. 11:71-80.
• Şahin H, Selvitopu A (2012) Öğretmenlerin emeklilik dönemine ve emekliliğe hazırlık eğitimine ilişkin görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11:1053-1065.
• Şener A, Terzioğlu RG, Karabulut E (2007) Life satisfaction and leisure activities during men's retirement: A Turkish sample. Aging and Mental Health, 11:30-36, doi:10.1080/13607860600736349.
• Tosti-Kharas J, Levinson J (2020) “Downsizing Is About Saving Yourself”: The Paradoxical Nature of Work and Career Success in Downsizing.
• Van Dalen HP, Henkens K, Schippers J (2010) Productivity of older workers: Perceptions of employers and employees. Population and Development Review, 36:309-330, doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00331.x.
• van der Heijden B, Schalk R, van Veldhoven MJ (2008) Ageing and careers: European research on long‐term career development and early retirement. Career Development International. 13:85-94, doi: 10.1108/13620430810860512.
• van Solinge H, Henkens K (2008) Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: Two of a kind?. Psychology and Aging, 23:422, doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.422.
• Vickers K (2007) Aging and the Media. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 5:100-105, doi:10.32398/cjhp.v5i3.1256.
• Wang M, Shultz KS (2010) Employee retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Journal of Management, 36:172-206, doi:10.1177/0149206309347957.
• Weiss RS (2005) Retirement, marriage, and social isolation. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 13:75-84, doi:10.1177/105413730501300107.
• Wu AM, Tang CS, Yan EC (2005) Post-retirement voluntary work and psychological functioning among older Chinese in Hong Kong. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 20: 27-45, doi:10.1007/s10823-005-3796-5.
• Yıldırım A, Şimşek H (2016) Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. bs.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• www.asaging.org (18 Nisan 2020’de ulaşıldı).