Possible Negative Effects of Psychotherapies

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 506 - 519, 01.12.2012

İ. Volkan Gülüm

https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120430

Öz

Any treatment that has the potential to be useful could also have harmful effects on patients. All psychotherapy approaches should take this issue into consideration. Although there is no direct intervention to the physical integrity of the patient, this does not mean that the psychotherapy techniques, psychotherapists or psychotherapy itself, do not have enough power to be harmful to the patient. Because of that, psychotherapists should be aware of "do not harm" principle. There are many studies reporting the efficiency and effectiveness of psychotherapy in the literature. But not many study focused on possible negative effects of psychotherapy. On the other hand, there are increasing numbers of theoretical and practical studies about this issue. In this review, efficiency and effectiveness studies on psychotherapy, the possible definition of negative effects of psychotherapy, sources of these negative effects and intervention to this process have been discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychotherapy, adverse effect, side effect

Psikoterapilerin Olası Olumsuz Etkileri

Öz

Yararlı olabilme potansiyeline sahip herhangi bir tedavinin aynı zamanda zararlı olabilme ihtimali de vardır. Psikoterapi uygulamaları da bu şekilde değerlendirilmelidir. Hastaların fiziksel bütünlüklerine doğrudan bir müdahale olmaması psikoterapinin kendisinin, psikoterapide uygulanan tekniklerin ya da psikoterapistin hastaya zarar verme gücüne sahip olmadığı anlamına gelmez. Bu nedenle de psikoterapistlerin öncelikle hastalarına zarar vermemeleri gerektiği ilkesini sürekli akıllarında tutması gerekmektedir. Literatürde psikoterapi etkinlik ve etkililik çalışmalarının sayısının çokluğu göze çarparken, psikoterapinin olası olumsuz etkilerini ele alan çalışmaların sayısının az olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak sayıları henüz az olsa da son yıllarda psikoterapilerin olası olumsuz etkilerine dair kuramsal ve uygulamalı çalışmalar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Bu yazıda psikoterapilerin etkinlik ve etkililiğine dair yapılan tartışmalar kısaca özetlenmiş, olası olumsuz etkilerin nasıl tanımlandığı, kaynaklarının neler olabileceği, nasıl tespit edilebileceği ve tespit edilmesinin ardından bunlara nasıl müdahale edilebileceği tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikoterapi, istenmeyen etki, yan etki

Kaynakça

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