Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Bipolar Disorder

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 571 - 594, 01.12.2011

Zeynep Maçkalı Ahmet Tosun

https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20110325

Öz

Bipolar disorder is an early-onset, chronic disorder. It impairs occupational, social, and family functioning, which makes learning to adapt living with the disorder and its treatment critically important. Therefore, it has now become common knowledge that psychosocial interventions are also necessary in the treatment of bipolar disorder adjunctive to pharmacotherapy. Thus, whichever psychosocial interventions are more effective in bipolar disorder is a crucial research question. In this article, cognitive-behavioral therapy, which is applied adjunctive to pharmacotherapy, will be addressed and the findings of research about the effectiveness of these applications will be reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bipolar disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment

Bipolar Bozuklukta Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi

Öz

Bipolar bozukluk, erken başlangıçlı ve kronik seyri nedeniyle kişinin mesleki, sosyal ve yakın ilişki alanlarında bozulmalara yol açan, hastalığa ve hastalığın tedavisine uyum yapmayı öğrenmenin kritik öneme sahip olduğu bir bozukluktur. Bu nedenle bipolar bozukluğun tedavisinde, biyolojik müdahalelerin yanında psikososyal müdahalelerin de gerekli olduğu görüşü giderek yaygınlık kazanmaktadır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, bipolar bozuklukta hangi psikososyal müdahalelerin etkili olduğunun belirlenmesi konusu önem taşımaktadır. Bu yazıda bipolar bozuklukta ilaç tedavisine ek olarak uygulanan bilişsel davranışçı terapi uygulamaları ele alınıp, bu uygulamaların bipolar bozukluktaki etkinliğini inceleyen araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bipolar bozukluk, bilişsel davranışçı terapi, tedavi

Kaynakça

• Bebbington P, Ramana R. The epidemiology of bipolar affective disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995; 30:279-292.
• Eroğlu MZ, Özpoyraz N. Bipolar bozuklukta koruyucu tedavi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:206-236.
• Goodwin RD, Jacobi F, Bittner A, Wittchen HU. Epidemiology of Mood Disorders. In The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders (Eds DJ Stein, DJ Kupfer, AF Schatzberg):33-54. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2005.
• Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Grochocinski VJ, Cluss PA, Houck PR, Stapf DA. Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals in a bipolar disorder case registry. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:120-125.
• Power MJ. Psychological approaches to bipolar disorders: A theoratical critique. Clin Psychol Rev 2005; 25:1101-1122.
• Solomon RL, Keitner GI, Miller IW, Shea MT, Keller MB. Course of illness and maintenance treatments for patients with bipolar disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:5-13.
• Angst J, Sellaro R. Historical perspectives and natural history of bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48:445-457.
• Perlis RH, Ostacher MJ, Patel JK, Marangell LB, Zhang H, Wisniewski SR et al. Predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder: Primary outcomes from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:217-224.
• Keck PE. Long-term management strategies to achieve optimal function in patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:19-24.
• Bauer MS, Kirk GF, Gavin C, Williford WO. Determinants of functional outcome and healthcare costs in bipolar disorder: A high-intensity follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2001; 65:231-241.
• Dent J, Close H, Ryder J. Bipolar affective disorders. In Oxford Guide to Behavioral Experiments in Cognitive Therapy (Eds J Benneth-Levy, G Butler, M Fennell, A Hackman, M Mueller, D Westbrook):225-242. NewYork, Oxford University Press, 2004.
• Roth A, Fonagy P. What Works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research, 2nd edition. UK, Guilford Press, 2005.
• Basco MR. Cognitive-behavior therapy for Bipolar I Disorder. J Cogn Psychother 2000; 14:287-305.
• Clarkin JF, Glick IR, Haas LG, Spencer JH, Lewis AB. A randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention vs. results of affective disorders. J Affect Disord 1990; 18:17-28.
• Scott J. Cognitive therapy as an adjunct to medication in bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178:164-168.
• Otto MW, Reilly-Harrington N, Sachs GS. Psyhoeducational and cognitive- behavioral strategies in the management of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2003; 73:171-181.
• Schwannauer M. Cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar affective disorder. In Mood Disorders: A Handbook of Science and Practice (Ed. M Power):259-273. England, Wiley, 2004.
• Henin A, Otto MW, Reilly-Harrington NA. Introducing flexibility in manualized treatments: Application of recommended strategies to the cognitive-behavioral treatment of bipolar disorder. Cogn Behav Pract 2001; 8:317-328.
• Vieta E, Pacchiarotti I, Scott J, Sanchez-Moreno J, Di Marzo S, Colom F. Evidence- based research on the efficacy of psychologic interventions in bipolar disorders: A critical review. Curr Psychiatr Rep 2005; 7:449-455.
• Lam D, Wong C. Prodromes, coping strategies, insight and social functioning in bipolar affective disorder. Psychol Med 1997; 27:1091-1100.
• Newman CF, Leahy RL, Beck AT, Reilly-Harrington NA, Gyulai N. Bipolar Disorder: A Cognitive Therapy Approach. Washington DC, American Psychological Association, 2002.
• Leahy RL. Clinical implications in the treatment of mania: Reducing risk behavior in manic patients. Cogn Behav Pract 2005; 12:89-95.
• Çakır S, Özerdem A. Bipolar bozuklukta psikoterapötik ve psikososyal sağaltımlar: Sistematik bir gözden geçirme. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 21:143-154.
• Sütçigil L, Cansever A. Bipolar bozuklukta psikoterapötik ve psikososyal girişimler. Türkiye Klinikleri Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Psikiyatri 2006; 2(29):46-51.
• Rosenberg SD, Mueser KT, Jankowski MK, Salyers MP, Acker K. Cognitive– behavioral treatment of PTSD in severe mental illness: Results of a pilot study. Am J Psychiatr Rehabil 2004; 7:171–186.
• Hamblen JL, Jankowski MK, Rosenberg SD, Mueser KT. Cognitive–behavioral treatment for PTSD in people with severe mental illness: Three case studies. Am J Psychiatr Rehabil 2004; 7:147–170.
• Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie H, Jankowski MK, Bolton EE, Lu W, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive–behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008; 76:259–271.
• Provencher MD, Hawke LD, Thienot E. Psychotherapies for comorbid anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2010; doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.040.
• Rizvi S, Zaretsky AE. Psychotherapy through the phases of bipolar disorder: Evidence for general efficacy and differential effects. J Clin Psychol 2007; 63:491-506.
• Schmitz JM, Averill P, Sayre S, McCleary P, Moeller, GF, Swann A. Cognitive- behavioral treatment of bipolar disorder and substance abuse: A preliminary randomized study. Addict Disord Their Treat 2002; 1:17-24.
• Weiss RD. Treating patients with bipolar disorder and substance dependence: Lessons learned. J Subst Abuse Treat 2004; 27:307-312.
• Gonzalez-Pinto A, Gonzalez C, Enjuto S, Fernandez de Corres B, Lopez B et al. Psychoeducation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in bipolar disorder: An update. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 109:93-90.
• Nierenberg AA, Miyahara S, Spencer T, Wisniewski SR, Otto MW, Simon N et al. Clinical and diagnostic implications of lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity in adults with bipolar disorder: Data from the first 1000 STEP- BD participants. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57:1467-1473.
• Bauer M, Grof P, Rasgon N, Bschor T, Glenn T, Whybrow PC. Temporal relation between sleep and mood in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2006; 8:160-167.
• Plante DT, Winkelman JW. Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder: Therapeutic implications. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:830-843.
• Scott J, Paykel E, Morriss R, Bentall R, Kinderman P, Johnson T et al. Cognitive- behavioral therapy for severe and recurrent bipolar disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188:313-320.
• Zaretsky AE, Segal ZV, Gemar W. Cognitive therapy for bipolar depression: A pilot study. Can J Psychiatry 1999; 44:491-493.
• Lam DH, Watkins ER, Hayward P, Bright J, Wright K, Kerr N et al. A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: Outcome of the first year. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:145-152.
• Lam DH, Hayward P, Wright ER, Bright K, Sham P. Relapse prevention in patients with bipolar disorder: Cognitive therapy outcome after two years. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:324-329.
• Cochran SD. Preventing medical noncompliance in the outpatient treatment of bipolar affective disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984; 52:873-878.
• Perry A, Tarrier N, Morriss R, McCarthy E, Limb K. Randomised controlled trial of efficacy of teaching patients with bipolar disorder to identify early symptoms of relapse and obtain treatment. BMJ 1999; 318:149-153.
• Lam DH, Wong G, Sham P. Prodromes, coping strategies, and course of illness in bipolar affective disorder: A naturalistic study. Psychol Med 2001; 31:1397-1402.
• Zaretsky AE, Rizvi S, Parikh SV. How well do psyhosocial interventions work in bipolar disoder? Can J Psychiatry 2007; 52:14-19.
• Satterfield JM. Adjunctive cognitive-behavioral therapy for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: an empirical case study. Psychiatry 1999; 62:357–369.
• Jones S. Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder: A review. J Affect Disord 2004; 80:101- 114.
• Reilly-Harrington N, Knauz RO. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Cogn Behav Pract 2005; 12;66-75.
• Reilly-Harrington NA, Deckersbach T, Knauz R, Wu Y, Tran T, Eidelman P et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Pract 2007; 13:291-297.
• Scott J, Garland A, Moorhead A. A pilot study of cognitive therapy in bipolar disorders. Psychol Med 2001; 31:459-467.
• Lam DH, Bright J, Jones S, Hayward P, Schuck N, Chisholm D et al. Cognitive therapy for bipolar illness-a pilot study of relapse prevention. Cogn Ther Res 2001; 24:503-520.
• Fava GA, Bartolucci G, Rafanelli C, Mangelli L. Cognitive-behavioral management of patients with bipolar disorder who relapsed while on lithium prophylaxis. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62:556-559.
• Ball J, Mitchell P, Malhi G, Skillecorn A, Smith M. Schema-focused cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: Reducing vulnerability to relapse through attitudinal change. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2003; 37:41-48.
• Miklowitz DJ. Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: State of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:1408-1419.
• Bernhard B, Schaub A, Kummler P, Dittman S, Severus E, Seemüller F et al. Impact of cognitive-psychoeducational interventions in bipolar patients and their relatives. Eur Psychiatry 2006; 21:81-86.
• Zaretsky A, Lancee W, Miller C, Harris A, Parikh SV. Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than psychoeducation in bipolar disorder? Can J Psychiatry 2008; 53:441-447.
• Totterdell P, Kellett S. Restructuring mood in cyclothmia using cognitive behavior therapy: An intensive time-sampling study. J Clin Psychol 2008; 64:501-518.
• Colom F, Vieta E, Martinez A, Jorquera A. What is the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder? Psychother Psychosom 1998; 67:3–9.
• Colom F, Vieta E, Reinares M, Martinez-Aran A, Torrent C, Goikolea JM et al. Psychoeducation efficacy in bipolar disorders: Beyond compliance enhancement. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:1101-1105.
• Rea MM, Tompson MC, Miklowitz DJ, Goldstein MJ, Hwang S, Mintz J. Family- focused treatment versus individual treatment for bipolar disorder: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71:482–492.
• Colom F, Vieta E, Moreno-Sanchez J. Psychoeducation for bipolar II Disorder: An explaratory, 5-year outcome subanalysis. J Affect Disord 2009; 112:30-35.
• Miller IW, Keitner GI, Ryan CE, Uebelacker LA, Johnson SL, Solomon DA. Family treatment for bipolar disorder: Family impairment by treatment interactions. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69:732–740.
• Williams JMG, Alatiq Y, Crane C, Barnhofer MJV, Fennell DS, Duggan DS, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in bipolar disorder: Preliminary evaluation of immediate effects on between-episode functioning. J Affect Disord 2008; 107:275-279.
• Weber B, Jermann F, Gex-Fabry M, Nallet A, Bondolfi G, Aubry JM. Mindfullness- based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: A feasibility study. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 25:334-337.
• Palmer AG, Williams H, Adams M. CBT in a group format for bi-polar affective disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother 1995; 23:153-168.
• Patelis-Siotis I, Young LT, Robb JC, Marriott M, Bieling PJ, Cox LC et al. Group cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder: A feasibility and effectiveness study. J Affect Disord 2001; 65:145-153.
• Tomba E, Fava GA. The sequential combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in mood disorders. J Contemp Psychother 2009; 39:101-109.
• Basco MR, Ladd G, Myers DS, Tyler D. Combining medication treatment and cognitive-behavior therapy for bipolar disorder. J Cogn Psychother 2007; 21:7-15.
• Miklowitz DJ, Scott J. Psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder: cost-effectiveness, mediating mechanisms, and future directions. Bipolar Disord 2009; 11:110-122.
• Riskind JH. Bipolar disorder and cognitive therapy: A commentary. Cogn Behav Pract 2005; 12:99-101.