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Can Microchimerism Find Itself a Place in Psychiatric Research?

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 296 - 308, 01.06.2011

Öz

Microchimerism is the existence of small amount of cells or DNA of one individual within another individual. The most common reason for this condition is pregnancy. Even after normal pregnancies, cells that belong to the fetus can be found in the mother and maternal cells can be found in the fetus. It was shown that microchimerism can survive in the host. Researchers have speculated that microchimeric cells could induce a reaction similar to graft versus host disease which in turn may lead to autoimmune disorders. Microchimeric cells have been detected in the brain tissue of rats and fetuses and in other tissues and organs as well. There is no consensus on whether the microchimeric cells that migrate from mother to fetus is to repair some pathology in the body or is the cause of any possible future pathology. Even though there have been many studies on microchimerism in medicine, no study have been performed on the field of psychiatry. We believe that microchimerism may be an important alternative explanation to the etiology of chronic degenerative psychiatric diseases and postpartum clinical conditions. This manuscript discusses the applicability of microchimerism research in the field of psychiatric studies.

Kaynakça

  • Gleick J. Chaos: Making a New Science. London, Penguin Books, 1988.
  • İleri T. Kimerizm. Türkiye Kan Merkezleri ve Transfüzyon Derneği Bülteni Damla Dergisi 2007; 76:2-8.
  • Bianchi DW,Zickwolf GK, Weil GJ, Sylvester S, De-Maria Ma. Male fetal progenitor sellspersist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:705-708.
  • Sarkar K, Miller FW. Possible roles and determinants of microchimerism in autoimmune and other disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 3:454-463.
  • Gamill SH Nelson JL. Naturally acquired microchimerism. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:531-543.
  • Götherstrom C, Johnsson AM, Mattsson J, Papadogiannakis N, Westgren M. Identification of maternal hematopoietic cells in a 2nd-trimester fetus. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20:355-358.
  • Aractingi S, Uzan S, Dausset J, Carosella ED. Microchimerism in human diseases. Immunol Today 2000; 21:116-118.
  • Bulla R, Fischetti F, Bossi F, Tedesco F. Feto-maternal immune interaction at the placental level. Lupus 2004; 13:625-629.
  • deLemos MA. How your mother tolerated you for nine months? BioTeach Reviews and Readings 2003; 1:27-30.
  • Kumral A, Yeşilırmak DC. Fetal inflamatuar yanıt sendromu ve beyin zedelenmesi. Güncel Pediatri 2007; 5:25-27.
  • Dammann O, Durum S, Leviton A. Do white cells matter in white matter damage? Trends Neurosci 2001; 24:320-324.
  • Dammann O, Durum S, Leviton A. Role of the fetus in perinatal infection and neonatal brain damage. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12:99-104.
  • Duggan PJ, Maalouf EF, Watts TL, Sullivan MH, Counsell SJ, Allsop J et al. Intrauterine T-cell activation and increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in preterm infants with cerebral lesions. Lancet 2001; 358(9294):1699-1700.
  • Yoon BH, Park CW, Chaiworapongsa T. Intrauterine infection and the development of cerebral palsy. BJOG 2003; 110( Suppl 20):124-127.
  • Nelson JL, Burlingham WJ. The voices of Chimerism. Chimerism 2010; 1(1):1.
  • Nelson JL. Maternal-fetal immunology and autoimmune disease: is some autoimmune diseaseauto-alloimmune or allo-autoimmune? Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:191-194.
  • Nelson JL, Furst DE, Maloney S, Gooley T, Evans PC, Smith A et al. Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma. Lancet 1998; 351(9102):559-562.
  • Johnson KL, Nelson JL, Furst DE, McSweeney PA, Roberts DJ, Zhen DK et al. Fetal cell microchimerism in tissue from multiple sites in women with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:1848-1854.
  • Lambert NC, Erickson TD, Yan Z, Pang JM, Guthrie KA, Furst DE et al. Quantification of maternal microchimerism by HLA-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction: studies of healthy women and women with scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:906-914.
  • Artlett CM, Rasheed M, Russo-Stieglitz KE, Sawaya HH, Jimenez SA. Influence of prior pregnancies on disease course and cause of death in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:346-350.
  • Tanaka A, Lindor K, Gish R, Batts K, Shiratori Y, Omata M et al. Fetal microchimerism alone does not contribute to the induction of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999; 30:833-838.
  • Srivatsa B, Srivatsa S, Johnson KL, Samura O, Lee SL, Bianchi DW. Microchimerism of presumed fetalorigin in thyroid specimens fromwomen: a casecontrol study.Lancet. 2001; 358(9298):2034-2038.
  • Klintschar M, Schwaiger P, Mannweiler S, Regauer S, Kleiber M. Evidence of fetal microchimerism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2494-2498.
  • Johnson KL, McAlindon TE, Mulcahy E, Bianchi DW. Microchimerism in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2107-2111.
  • Mosca M, Curcio M, Lapi S, Valentini G, D'Angelo S, Rizzo G et al. Correlations of Y chromosome microchimerism with disease activity in patients with SLE: analysis of preliminary data. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:651-654.
  • Stevens AM, Hermes HM, Lambert NC, Nelson JL, Meroni PL, Cimaz R. Maternal and sibling microchimerism in twins and triplets discordant for neonatal lupus syndrome-congenital heart block. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:187-191.
  • Stevens AM, Hermes HM, Rutledge JC, Buyon JP, Nelson JL. Myocardial-tissue- specific phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Lancet 2003; 362(9396):1617-1623.
  • Reed AM, Picornell YJ, Harwood A, Kredich DW. Chimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet 2000; 356(9248):2156-2157.
  • Artlett CM, Ramos R, Jiminez SA, Patterson K, Miller FW, Rider LG. Chimeric cells of maternal origin in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Group. Lancet 2000; 356(9248):2155-2156.
  • Demirbek B. Psikotik bozukluklarda mikrokimerizm etyolojik bir faktör olabilir mi? Bir hipotez önerisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:417-420.
  • Eren Tİ. Postpartum depresyon: Prevalansı, ve sosyodemografik risk faktörleri (Uz- manlık Tezi). İstanbul, Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 2007.
  • Brown AS, Bresnahan M, Susser ES. Schizophrenia: Environmental epidemiology In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Edition (Eds BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):1372-1381. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 2005.
  • Çetinkaya DU. Mezenkimal kök hücreler. In Kök Hücre Biyolojisi ve Klinik Uygu- lamalar (Ed TÜBA Kök Hücre Çalışma Grubu):53-62. Ankara,TÜBA, 2009.
  • Tan XW, Liao H, Sun L, Okabe M, Xiao ZC, Dawe GS. Fetal microchimerism in the maternal mouse brain: A novel population of fetal progenitor or stem cells able to cross the blood-brain barrier? Stem Cells 2005; 23:1443-1452.
  • Zeng XX, Tan KH, Yeo A, Sasajala P, Tan X, Xiao ZC et al. Pregnancy-associated progenitor cells differentiate and mature into neurons in the maternal brain. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1819-1830.

Mikrokimerizm Psikiyatri Araştırmalarında Kendine Yer Bulabilir mi?

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 296 - 308, 01.06.2011

Öz

Mikrokimerizm bir bireye ait az miktardaki hücre veya DNA'nın başka bir bireyde bulunmasıdır. En sık sebebi gebeliktir. Sorunsuz gebeliklerden sonra bile annede fetüse ait hücreler, fetüsde ise anneye ait hücrelere rastlanabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar mikrokimerik hücrelerin yıllarca konakta kalabildiğini göstermiştir. Bilim adamları mikrokimerik hücrelere karşı tıpkı greft versus host reaksiyonuna benzer bir yanıt oluşabileceği ve bunun bazı otoimmün hastalıkların sebebi olabileceği üzerinde durmaktadır. Sıçanlarda ve fetüslerde yapılan çalışmalarda mikrokimerik hücrelerin birçok doku ve organın yanı sıra beyinde de yerleştiği belirlenmiştir. Anneden bebeğe geçen ve çeşitli dokulara yerleşen bu mikrokimerik hücrelerin oluşan bir patolojiyi onarmaya mı çalıştıkları yoksa patolojinin sebebi mi oldukları konusunda bir fikir birliği oluşmamıştır. Birçok alanda mikrokimerizm ile ilgili çalışmalar devam etmekte olmasına karşın psikiyatri alanında herhangi bir çalışma bu güne kadar yapılmış değildir. Mikrokimerizmin süreğen yeti yıkımı ile giden ruhsal hastalıkların ve doğum sonrası ortaya çıkan bazı klinik durumların aydınlatılmasında katkı sağlayabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Bu yazının amacı son on yılda tıbbın özellikle onkoloji, immünoloji, endokrinoloji, romatoloji gibi çok farklı alanlarında birçok araştırmanın yapıldığı mikrokimerizmin psikiyatri alanında uygulanabilirliğini tartışmaya açmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Gleick J. Chaos: Making a New Science. London, Penguin Books, 1988.
  • İleri T. Kimerizm. Türkiye Kan Merkezleri ve Transfüzyon Derneği Bülteni Damla Dergisi 2007; 76:2-8.
  • Bianchi DW,Zickwolf GK, Weil GJ, Sylvester S, De-Maria Ma. Male fetal progenitor sellspersist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:705-708.
  • Sarkar K, Miller FW. Possible roles and determinants of microchimerism in autoimmune and other disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 3:454-463.
  • Gamill SH Nelson JL. Naturally acquired microchimerism. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:531-543.
  • Götherstrom C, Johnsson AM, Mattsson J, Papadogiannakis N, Westgren M. Identification of maternal hematopoietic cells in a 2nd-trimester fetus. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20:355-358.
  • Aractingi S, Uzan S, Dausset J, Carosella ED. Microchimerism in human diseases. Immunol Today 2000; 21:116-118.
  • Bulla R, Fischetti F, Bossi F, Tedesco F. Feto-maternal immune interaction at the placental level. Lupus 2004; 13:625-629.
  • deLemos MA. How your mother tolerated you for nine months? BioTeach Reviews and Readings 2003; 1:27-30.
  • Kumral A, Yeşilırmak DC. Fetal inflamatuar yanıt sendromu ve beyin zedelenmesi. Güncel Pediatri 2007; 5:25-27.
  • Dammann O, Durum S, Leviton A. Do white cells matter in white matter damage? Trends Neurosci 2001; 24:320-324.
  • Dammann O, Durum S, Leviton A. Role of the fetus in perinatal infection and neonatal brain damage. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12:99-104.
  • Duggan PJ, Maalouf EF, Watts TL, Sullivan MH, Counsell SJ, Allsop J et al. Intrauterine T-cell activation and increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in preterm infants with cerebral lesions. Lancet 2001; 358(9294):1699-1700.
  • Yoon BH, Park CW, Chaiworapongsa T. Intrauterine infection and the development of cerebral palsy. BJOG 2003; 110( Suppl 20):124-127.
  • Nelson JL, Burlingham WJ. The voices of Chimerism. Chimerism 2010; 1(1):1.
  • Nelson JL. Maternal-fetal immunology and autoimmune disease: is some autoimmune diseaseauto-alloimmune or allo-autoimmune? Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:191-194.
  • Nelson JL, Furst DE, Maloney S, Gooley T, Evans PC, Smith A et al. Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma. Lancet 1998; 351(9102):559-562.
  • Johnson KL, Nelson JL, Furst DE, McSweeney PA, Roberts DJ, Zhen DK et al. Fetal cell microchimerism in tissue from multiple sites in women with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:1848-1854.
  • Lambert NC, Erickson TD, Yan Z, Pang JM, Guthrie KA, Furst DE et al. Quantification of maternal microchimerism by HLA-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction: studies of healthy women and women with scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:906-914.
  • Artlett CM, Rasheed M, Russo-Stieglitz KE, Sawaya HH, Jimenez SA. Influence of prior pregnancies on disease course and cause of death in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:346-350.
  • Tanaka A, Lindor K, Gish R, Batts K, Shiratori Y, Omata M et al. Fetal microchimerism alone does not contribute to the induction of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999; 30:833-838.
  • Srivatsa B, Srivatsa S, Johnson KL, Samura O, Lee SL, Bianchi DW. Microchimerism of presumed fetalorigin in thyroid specimens fromwomen: a casecontrol study.Lancet. 2001; 358(9298):2034-2038.
  • Klintschar M, Schwaiger P, Mannweiler S, Regauer S, Kleiber M. Evidence of fetal microchimerism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2494-2498.
  • Johnson KL, McAlindon TE, Mulcahy E, Bianchi DW. Microchimerism in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2107-2111.
  • Mosca M, Curcio M, Lapi S, Valentini G, D'Angelo S, Rizzo G et al. Correlations of Y chromosome microchimerism with disease activity in patients with SLE: analysis of preliminary data. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:651-654.
  • Stevens AM, Hermes HM, Lambert NC, Nelson JL, Meroni PL, Cimaz R. Maternal and sibling microchimerism in twins and triplets discordant for neonatal lupus syndrome-congenital heart block. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:187-191.
  • Stevens AM, Hermes HM, Rutledge JC, Buyon JP, Nelson JL. Myocardial-tissue- specific phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Lancet 2003; 362(9396):1617-1623.
  • Reed AM, Picornell YJ, Harwood A, Kredich DW. Chimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet 2000; 356(9248):2156-2157.
  • Artlett CM, Ramos R, Jiminez SA, Patterson K, Miller FW, Rider LG. Chimeric cells of maternal origin in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Group. Lancet 2000; 356(9248):2155-2156.
  • Demirbek B. Psikotik bozukluklarda mikrokimerizm etyolojik bir faktör olabilir mi? Bir hipotez önerisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:417-420.
  • Eren Tİ. Postpartum depresyon: Prevalansı, ve sosyodemografik risk faktörleri (Uz- manlık Tezi). İstanbul, Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 2007.
  • Brown AS, Bresnahan M, Susser ES. Schizophrenia: Environmental epidemiology In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Edition (Eds BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):1372-1381. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 2005.
  • Çetinkaya DU. Mezenkimal kök hücreler. In Kök Hücre Biyolojisi ve Klinik Uygu- lamalar (Ed TÜBA Kök Hücre Çalışma Grubu):53-62. Ankara,TÜBA, 2009.
  • Tan XW, Liao H, Sun L, Okabe M, Xiao ZC, Dawe GS. Fetal microchimerism in the maternal mouse brain: A novel population of fetal progenitor or stem cells able to cross the blood-brain barrier? Stem Cells 2005; 23:1443-1452.
  • Zeng XX, Tan KH, Yeo A, Sasajala P, Tan X, Xiao ZC et al. Pregnancy-associated progenitor cells differentiate and mature into neurons in the maternal brain. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1819-1830.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Bülent Demirbek Bu kişi benim

Erdal Yurt Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Demirbek B, Yurt E. Mikrokimerizm Psikiyatri Araştırmalarında Kendine Yer Bulabilir mi?. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Haziran 2011;3(2):296-308.

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