Human Factor in Therapeutic Relationship

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 117 - 141, 01.03.2011

Ramazan Akdoğan Esra Ceyhan

Öz

Therapeutic relationship is a professional relationship that has been structured based on theoretical props. This relationship is a complicated, wide and unique relationship which develops between two people, where both sides\' personality and attitudes inevitably interfere. Therapist-client relationship experienced through transference and counter transference, especially in psychodynamic approaches, is accepted as the main aspect of therapeutic process. However, the approaches without dynamic/deterministic tendency also take therapist-client relationship into account seriously and stress uniqueness of interaction between two people. Being a person and a human naturally sometimes may negatively influence the relationship between the therapist and client and result in a relationship going out of the theoretical frame at times. As effective components of a therapeutic process, the factors that stem from being human include the unique personalities of the therapist and the client, their values and their attitude either made consciously or subconsciously. Literature has shown that the human-related factors are too effective to be denied in therapeutic relationship process. Ethical and theoretical knowledge can be inefficient to prevent the negative effects of these factors in therapeutic process at which point a deep insight and supervision would have a critical role in continuing an acceptable therapeutic relationship. This review is focused on the reflection of some therapeutic factors resulting from being human and development of counter transference onto the therapeutic process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

therapeutic relationship, psychotherapy, counseling, transference, counter-transference

Terapötik İlişkide İnsan Faktörü

Öz

Terapötik ilişki kuramsal dayanaklar doğrultusunda yapılandırılmış, profesyonel bir ilişkidir. Bu ilişki aynı zamanda, iki insan arasında gelişen ve her iki tarafın kişiliklerinin ve tutumlarının kaçınılmaz bir biçimde etkili olduğu bir etkileşimi içeren kapsamlı, karmaşık ve özgün bir ilişkidir. Aktarım ve karşı aktarım yoluyla ortaya çıkan terapist-danışan etkileşimi özellikle psikanalitik yönelimli yaklaşımlarda terapötik sürecin ana unsuru olarak ele alınmaktadır. Dinamik yönelimli olmayan yaklaşımlar da terapist-danışan etkileşimine özel bir önem vermekte ve bu ilişkinin aynı zamanda iki insanın etkileşimi olduğunu vurgulamaktadırlar. Terapötik ilişkide terapist ve danışanın insan olmalarından kaynaklanan ve zaman zaman kuramsal çerçevenin dışına çıkılmasına yol açan çeşitli karıştırıcı faktörler bulunmaktadır. Terapötik süreçte etkili olduğu kabul edilmesine karşın, tümüyle kontrol edilmesi mümkün olmayan "insan olmaktan" kaynaklanan faktörler terapist ve danışanın kendi özgün kişilikleri, değerleri ve terapötik süreçte bilinçli veya bilinçsiz olarak sergiledikleri tutumları kapsar. Yapılan çalışmalar insan olmaktan kaynaklanan faktörlerin, terapötik ilişki sürecinde göz ardı edilemeyecek ölçüde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu faktörlerin terapötik sürece olumsuz yansımalarını engellemek için etik ve kuramsal bilgi yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu noktada derin bir içgörü ve süpervizyon kritik bir işleve sahiptir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısı insan olmaktan kaynaklanan ve özellikle karşı aktarımın gelişmesine zemin hazırlayan bazı faktörlerin terapötik sürece yansımalarına odaklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

terapötik ilişki, psikoterapi, psikolojik danışma, aktarım, karşı aktarım

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