Medical Comorbidities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 187 - 201, 01.06.2009

Ali Evren Tufan İrem Yaluğ

Öz

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common developmental disorders of childhood with a reported world-wide prevalence of 8 to 12%. In studies conducted in our country the prevalence rates in community were reported to vary between 8.6 to 8.1 % while clinical prevalence rates were reported to vary between 8.6 to 29.44 %. Fifty to eighty percent of cases were reported to continue into adolescence while thirty to fifty percent may continue into adulthood. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is known to accompany subtle physical anomalies, allergic and neurologic disorders, obesity and eating disorders, traumatic injuries, risky sexual behavior, sleep disorders, substance and alcohol use, axis I and II disorders, occupational, legal and academic problems and increased treatment expenditures. Though the effects of this disorder continue throughout life, create burdens to the society along with its treatment as well as disabling the affected patients through their lives, and receive increasing attention in recent years, reviews focusing on problems associated with it are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the results of previous studies conducted about medical comorbidities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, consultation, liaison, comorbidity

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunda Tıbbi Eş Tanılar

Öz

Çocukluk çağının en sık görülen gelişimsel bozukluklarından biri olan Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu'nun dünya çapında yaygınlığı %8 ile %12 arasında değişmektedir. Ülkemiz çocuk ve ergenlerinde, DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre toplum örneklemlerindeki yaygınlığının %8.6 ile %8.1; klinik örneklemlerdeki yaygınlığının ise %8.6 ile %29.4 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Çocuklukta tanı konan olgularda dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısının ergenlikte %50-80, erişkinlikte ise %30-50 oranında devamlılık gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun silik fiziksel anormallikler, alerjik ve nörolojik hastalıklar, obezite ve yeme bozuklukları, travmatik yaralanmalar, riskli cinsel davranışlar, uyku bozuklukları, alkol ve madde kullanımı, birinci ve ikinci eksen tanıları, mesleki, adli ve akademik sorunlar ve bütün bunların sonucu olarak da artmış tedavi harcamaları ile beraber olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Etkileri yaşam boyu süren, topluma tedavi dışında yan maliyetler de getiren, etkilenen bireylerde yaşam boyu süren yeti yitimine neden olan, süreğen, nörogelişimsel bir hastalık olan, son yıllarda dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek daha çok ilgi toplayan dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile ilişkili bu sorunlar hakkında dünyada ve ülkemizde yürütülmüş olan araştırmaların sonuçlarının ayrıntılı biçimde değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla; bu çalışmada ülkemizde ve dünyada şimdiye kadar bu konuda yürütülmüş olan araştırmaların sonuçlarının özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu, DEHB, konsültasyon, liyazon, komorbidite

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