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Öz-Duyarlık: Psikolojik Belirtiler ile İlişkisi ve Psikoterapide Kullanımı

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 40 - 58, 31.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.336489

Öz

Öz-duyarlık, Neff tarafından bireylerin kendilerine yargılamadan, eleştirmeden ya da cezalandırmadan yaklaşabilmesi, zorlu bir yaşantı sonrasında deneyimlerini kendini izole etmeden diğer insanlarla paylaşabilmesi ve acı verici duygu ve düşüncelerin aşırı şekilde tanımlanmadan bilinçli bir farkındalık zemininde tutulabilmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Araştırmalar, öz-duyarlığın psikolojik iyilik haliyle pozitif; depresyon, kaygı, yeme bozuklukları, travma ve pek çok psikolojik belirtilerle negatif yönde ilişkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca psikoterapide öz-duyarlığın güçlendirilmesine yönelik araştırmaların oldukça önemli bulgular sunduğu da dikkatleri çekmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı, öz-duyarlık kavramını alanyazın doğrultusunda incelemek, öz-duyarlık bağlamında yürütülen görgül araştırmaların bulgularını özetlemek ve öz-duyarlığın psikoterapide kullanımını tartışmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams CE, Leary MR (2007) Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. J Soc Clin Psychol, 26:1120-1144.
  • Akın A (2010a) Self-compassion and loneliness. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2:702-718.
  • Akın A (2010b) Self-compassion and interpersonal cognitive distortions. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39:1-9.
  • Akın A (2012) Self-compassion and automatic thoughts. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42:1-10.
  • Akın Ü, Akın A, Abacı R (2007) Öz-duyarlık ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33:1-10.
  • Albertson ER, Neff KD, Dill-Shackleford KE (2015) Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: a randomized controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness, 4:444-454.
  • Allen AB, Leary MR (2010) Self-compassion, stress, and coping. Soc Personal Psychol Compass, 4:107-118.
  • Barnard LK, Curry JF (2011) Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, and interventions. Rev Gen Psychol, 15:289-303.
  • Bayramoğlu A (2011) Self compassion in relation to psychopathology (Doktora tezi). Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Beck AT (1983) Cognitive therapy of depression: new perspectives. In Treatment of Depression: Old Controversies and New Approaches, (Eds PJ Clayton, JE Barret):265-290. New York, Raven Press.
  • Bergen-Cico D, Cheon S (2014) The mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on anxiety trait. Mindfulness, 5:505-519.
  • Blatt SJ, Zuroff DC (1992) Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: two prototypes for depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 12:527-562.
  • Bowlby J (1988) A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healty human development. New York, NY, Basic Books.
  • Breines J, Toole A, Tu C, Chen S (2014) Self-compassion, body image, and self-reported disordered eating. Self Identity, 13:432-448.
  • Brooks M, Kay-Lambkin F, Bowman J, Childs S (2012) Self-compassion amongst with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3:308-317.
  • Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
  • Costa J, Pinto-Gouveia J (2011) Acceptance of pain self-compassion and psychopathology: Using the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire to identify patients’ subgroups. Clin Psychol Psychother, 18:292-302.
  • Costa J, Pinto-Gouveia J (2013) Experiental avoidance and self-compassion in chronic pain. J Appl Soc Psychol, 43:1578-1591.
  • Çolakoğlu T (2013) Kalp krizi geçirmiş bireylerde travma sonrası gelişim ile öz-duyarlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Uzmanlık tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi.
  • Deniz ME, Kesici Ş, Sümer AS (2008) The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-compassion scale. Soc Behav Pers, 36:1151-1160.
  • Diedrich A, Grant M, Hofmann SG, Hiller W, Berking M (2014) Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behav Res Ther, 58:43-51.
  • Deniz ME, Sümer AS (2010) Farklı öz-anlayış düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35:115-127.
  • Edwards M, Adams EM, Waldo M, Hadfield OD, Biegel GM (2014) Effects of a mindfulness group on Latino adolescent students: examining levels of perceived stress, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological symptoms. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 39:145-163.
  • Ferreira C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C (2013) Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eat Behav, 14:207-210.
  • Germer CK, Neff KD (2013) Self-compassion in clinical practice. J Clin Psychol, 69:856-867.
  • Gilbert P (2005a) Compassion and cruelty: a biopsychosocial approach. In Compassion: Conceptualizations, Research and Use in Psychotherapy, (Ed P Gilbert):9-74. London, Routledge.
  • Gilbert P (2005b) Social mentalities: A biopsychosocial and evolutionary reflection on social relationships. In Interpersonal Cognition, (Eds M Baldwin):299-335. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Gilbert P, Procter S (2006) Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:353-379.
  • Gilbert P (2007) Psychotherapy and Counseling for Depression, 3rd ed. London, Sage Publication.
  • Gilbert P, Baldwin MW, Irons C, Baccus JR, Palmer M (2006) Self-criticism and self-wamth: Imagery study exploring their relation to depression. J Cogn Psyhother, 20:183-200.
  • Gilbert P (2009a) The nature and basis for compassion focused therapy. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6:273-291.
  • Gilbert P (2009b) Introducing compassion focused therapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat, 15:199-208.
  • Hoge EA, Hölzel BK, Marques L, Metcalf CA, Brach N, Lazar SW, Simon NM (2013) Mindfulness and self-compassion in generalized anxiety disorder: examining predictors of disability. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013:576258.
  • Hollis-Walker L, Colosimo K (2011) Mindfullness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-mediators: a theoretical and empirical examination. Pers Individ Dif, 50:222-227.
  • Homan KJ, Tylka TL (2015) Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth’s inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body Image, 15:1-7.
  • İskender M, Akın A (2011) Self-compassion and internet addiction. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10:215-221.
  • Jazaieri H, Jinpa GT, McGonial K, Rosenberg EL, Finkelstein J, Simon-Thomas E et al. (2013) Enhancing compassion: a randomized controlled trial of a compassion cultivation training program. J Happiness Stud, 14:1113-1126.
  • Kelly AC, Zuroff DC, Shapira LB (2009) Soothing oneself and resisting self-attacks: The treatment of two intrapersonal deficits in depression vulnerability. Cog Ther Res, 33:301-313.
  • Kelly AC, Zuroff DC, Foa CL, Gilbert P (2010) Who benefits from training in self-compassionate self-regulation? A study of smoking reduction. J Soc Clin Psychol, 29:727-755.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC, Zuroff DC, Borairi S (2013) Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response to eating disorders treatment: a preliminary investigation. Psychother Res, 23:252-264.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC, Borairi SB (2014) Are improvements in shame and self-compassion early in eating disorders treatment associated with better patient outcomes? Int J Eat Disord, 47:54-64.
  • Kelly AC, Vimalakanthan K, Carter JC (2014) Understanding the roles of self-esteem, self-compassion, and fear of self-compassion in eating disorder pathology: An examination of female students and eating disorder patients. Eat Behav, 15:388-391.
  • Kelly AC, Vimalakanthan K, Miller KE (2014) Self-compassion moderates the relationship between body mass index and both eating disorder pathology and body image flexibility. Body Image, 11:446-453.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC (2015) Self-compassion training for binge eating disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychol Psychother, 88:285-303.
  • Kraus S, Sears S. (2009) Measuring the immeasurables: development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI) scale based on Buddhist Teachings on loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Soc Indic Res, 92:169-181.
  • Krieger T, Altenstein D, Baettig I, Doerig N, Holtforth MG (2013) Self-compassion in depression: associations with depressive symptoms, rumination and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behav Ther, 44:501-513.
  • Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Allen AB, Hancock J (2007) Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. J Pers Soc Psychol, 92:887-904.
  • MacBeth A, Gumley A (2012) Exploring compassion: a meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev, 32:545-552.
  • Mantzios M, Wilson JC (2014) Making concrete construals mindful: a novel approach for developing mindfulness and self-compassion to assist weight loss. Psychol Health, 29:422-441.
  • Marshall SL, Parker PD, Ciarrochi J, Sahdra B, Jackson CJ, Heaven, PCL (2015) Self-compassion protects against the negative effects of low self-esteem: a longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample. Pers Individ Dif, 74:116-121.
  • Mosewich AD, Kowalski KC, Sabiston CM, Sedgwick WA, Tracy JL (2011) Self-compassion: a potential resource for young women athletes. J Sport Exerc Psychol, 33:103-123.
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Self-Compassion: Association with Psychological Symptoms and Usage in Psychotherapy

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 40 - 58, 31.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.336489

Öz

Self-compassion is defined by Neff as approaching to the self without judgment, criticism or punishment, sharing the stressful experiences with other people without isolation and holding the painful emotions and thoughts in mindful awareness without over identification. The studies showed that self-compassion has positive relationship with psychological well-being; has negative relationships with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, trauma and other psychological problems. Also, the findings from psychotherapy studies that try to strength self-compassion attracted a great deal of attention. The main aims of this article were reviewing the self-compassion concept toward the literature, summarizing the empirical findings in the context of self-compassion and discussing the usage of self-compassion in psychotherapy..

Kaynakça

  • Adams CE, Leary MR (2007) Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. J Soc Clin Psychol, 26:1120-1144.
  • Akın A (2010a) Self-compassion and loneliness. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2:702-718.
  • Akın A (2010b) Self-compassion and interpersonal cognitive distortions. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39:1-9.
  • Akın A (2012) Self-compassion and automatic thoughts. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42:1-10.
  • Akın Ü, Akın A, Abacı R (2007) Öz-duyarlık ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33:1-10.
  • Albertson ER, Neff KD, Dill-Shackleford KE (2015) Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: a randomized controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness, 4:444-454.
  • Allen AB, Leary MR (2010) Self-compassion, stress, and coping. Soc Personal Psychol Compass, 4:107-118.
  • Barnard LK, Curry JF (2011) Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, and interventions. Rev Gen Psychol, 15:289-303.
  • Bayramoğlu A (2011) Self compassion in relation to psychopathology (Doktora tezi). Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Beck AT (1983) Cognitive therapy of depression: new perspectives. In Treatment of Depression: Old Controversies and New Approaches, (Eds PJ Clayton, JE Barret):265-290. New York, Raven Press.
  • Bergen-Cico D, Cheon S (2014) The mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on anxiety trait. Mindfulness, 5:505-519.
  • Blatt SJ, Zuroff DC (1992) Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: two prototypes for depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 12:527-562.
  • Bowlby J (1988) A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healty human development. New York, NY, Basic Books.
  • Breines J, Toole A, Tu C, Chen S (2014) Self-compassion, body image, and self-reported disordered eating. Self Identity, 13:432-448.
  • Brooks M, Kay-Lambkin F, Bowman J, Childs S (2012) Self-compassion amongst with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3:308-317.
  • Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
  • Costa J, Pinto-Gouveia J (2011) Acceptance of pain self-compassion and psychopathology: Using the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire to identify patients’ subgroups. Clin Psychol Psychother, 18:292-302.
  • Costa J, Pinto-Gouveia J (2013) Experiental avoidance and self-compassion in chronic pain. J Appl Soc Psychol, 43:1578-1591.
  • Çolakoğlu T (2013) Kalp krizi geçirmiş bireylerde travma sonrası gelişim ile öz-duyarlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Uzmanlık tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi.
  • Deniz ME, Kesici Ş, Sümer AS (2008) The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-compassion scale. Soc Behav Pers, 36:1151-1160.
  • Diedrich A, Grant M, Hofmann SG, Hiller W, Berking M (2014) Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behav Res Ther, 58:43-51.
  • Deniz ME, Sümer AS (2010) Farklı öz-anlayış düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35:115-127.
  • Edwards M, Adams EM, Waldo M, Hadfield OD, Biegel GM (2014) Effects of a mindfulness group on Latino adolescent students: examining levels of perceived stress, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological symptoms. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 39:145-163.
  • Ferreira C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C (2013) Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eat Behav, 14:207-210.
  • Germer CK, Neff KD (2013) Self-compassion in clinical practice. J Clin Psychol, 69:856-867.
  • Gilbert P (2005a) Compassion and cruelty: a biopsychosocial approach. In Compassion: Conceptualizations, Research and Use in Psychotherapy, (Ed P Gilbert):9-74. London, Routledge.
  • Gilbert P (2005b) Social mentalities: A biopsychosocial and evolutionary reflection on social relationships. In Interpersonal Cognition, (Eds M Baldwin):299-335. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Gilbert P, Procter S (2006) Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:353-379.
  • Gilbert P (2007) Psychotherapy and Counseling for Depression, 3rd ed. London, Sage Publication.
  • Gilbert P, Baldwin MW, Irons C, Baccus JR, Palmer M (2006) Self-criticism and self-wamth: Imagery study exploring their relation to depression. J Cogn Psyhother, 20:183-200.
  • Gilbert P (2009a) The nature and basis for compassion focused therapy. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6:273-291.
  • Gilbert P (2009b) Introducing compassion focused therapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat, 15:199-208.
  • Hoge EA, Hölzel BK, Marques L, Metcalf CA, Brach N, Lazar SW, Simon NM (2013) Mindfulness and self-compassion in generalized anxiety disorder: examining predictors of disability. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013:576258.
  • Hollis-Walker L, Colosimo K (2011) Mindfullness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-mediators: a theoretical and empirical examination. Pers Individ Dif, 50:222-227.
  • Homan KJ, Tylka TL (2015) Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth’s inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body Image, 15:1-7.
  • İskender M, Akın A (2011) Self-compassion and internet addiction. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10:215-221.
  • Jazaieri H, Jinpa GT, McGonial K, Rosenberg EL, Finkelstein J, Simon-Thomas E et al. (2013) Enhancing compassion: a randomized controlled trial of a compassion cultivation training program. J Happiness Stud, 14:1113-1126.
  • Kelly AC, Zuroff DC, Shapira LB (2009) Soothing oneself and resisting self-attacks: The treatment of two intrapersonal deficits in depression vulnerability. Cog Ther Res, 33:301-313.
  • Kelly AC, Zuroff DC, Foa CL, Gilbert P (2010) Who benefits from training in self-compassionate self-regulation? A study of smoking reduction. J Soc Clin Psychol, 29:727-755.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC, Zuroff DC, Borairi S (2013) Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response to eating disorders treatment: a preliminary investigation. Psychother Res, 23:252-264.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC, Borairi SB (2014) Are improvements in shame and self-compassion early in eating disorders treatment associated with better patient outcomes? Int J Eat Disord, 47:54-64.
  • Kelly AC, Vimalakanthan K, Carter JC (2014) Understanding the roles of self-esteem, self-compassion, and fear of self-compassion in eating disorder pathology: An examination of female students and eating disorder patients. Eat Behav, 15:388-391.
  • Kelly AC, Vimalakanthan K, Miller KE (2014) Self-compassion moderates the relationship between body mass index and both eating disorder pathology and body image flexibility. Body Image, 11:446-453.
  • Kelly AC, Carter JC (2015) Self-compassion training for binge eating disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychol Psychother, 88:285-303.
  • Kraus S, Sears S. (2009) Measuring the immeasurables: development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI) scale based on Buddhist Teachings on loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Soc Indic Res, 92:169-181.
  • Krieger T, Altenstein D, Baettig I, Doerig N, Holtforth MG (2013) Self-compassion in depression: associations with depressive symptoms, rumination and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behav Ther, 44:501-513.
  • Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Allen AB, Hancock J (2007) Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. J Pers Soc Psychol, 92:887-904.
  • MacBeth A, Gumley A (2012) Exploring compassion: a meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev, 32:545-552.
  • Mantzios M, Wilson JC (2014) Making concrete construals mindful: a novel approach for developing mindfulness and self-compassion to assist weight loss. Psychol Health, 29:422-441.
  • Marshall SL, Parker PD, Ciarrochi J, Sahdra B, Jackson CJ, Heaven, PCL (2015) Self-compassion protects against the negative effects of low self-esteem: a longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample. Pers Individ Dif, 74:116-121.
  • Mosewich AD, Kowalski KC, Sabiston CM, Sedgwick WA, Tracy JL (2011) Self-compassion: a potential resource for young women athletes. J Sport Exerc Psychol, 33:103-123.
  • Neely ME, Schallert DL, Mohammed SS, Roberts RM, Chen Y. (2009) Self-kindness when facing stress: the role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ well-being. Motiv Emot, 33:88-97.
  • Neff K (2003a) Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self Identity, 2:85-101.
  • Neff K (2003b) The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Identity, 2:223-250.
  • Neff K, Kirkpatrick KL, Rude SS (2007) Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. J Res Pers, 41:139-154.
  • Neff KD, Rude SS, Kirkpatrick KL (2007) An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. J Res Pers, 41:908-916.
  • Neff KD, Vonk R (2009) Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: two different ways of relating to oneself. J Pers, 77:23-50.
  • Neff KD (2011) Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Soc Personal Psychol Compass, 5:1-12.
  • Neff KD, Beretvas SN (2013) The role of self-compassion in romantic relationships. Self Identity, 12:78-98.
  • Neff KD, Germer CK (2013) A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. J Clin Psychol, 69:28-44.
  • Neff KD, McGehee P (2010) Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self Identity, 9:225-240.
  • Neff K, Dahm KA (2015) Self-Compassion: What it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. In Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation, (Eds BD Ostafin, MD Robinson, BP Meier):121-137. New York, Springer.
  • Nietzel MT, Harris MJ (1990) Relationship of dependency and achievement/autonomy to depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 10:279-297.
  • Özyeşil Z, Akbağ M (2013) Self-compassion as a protective factor for depression, anxiety and stress: a research on Turkish Sample. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 2:36-43.
  • Pauley G, McPherson S (2010) The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety. Psychol Psychother, 83:129-143.
  • Perry BD, Pollard RA, Blakley TL, Baker WL, Vigilante D (1995) Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation and ‘use-dependent’ development of the brain: How ‘states’ become ‘traits’. Infant Ment Health J, 16:271-291.
  • Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C, Matos M, Fráguas S (2014) The protective role of self-compassion in relation to psychopathology symptoms and quality of life in chronic and in cancer patients. Clin Psychol Psychother, 21:311-323.
  • Raes F (2010) Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety and depression. Pers Individ Dif, 48:757-761.
  • Raes F (2011) The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Mindfulness, 2:33-36.
  • Raque-Bogdan TL, Ericson SK, Jackson J, Martin HM, Bryan NA (2011) Attachment and mental and physical health: Self-compassion and mattering as mediators. J Couns Psychol, 58:272-278.
  • Sarıcaoğlu H (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi olma düzeylerinin kişilik özellikleri ve öz-anlayış açısından değerlendirilmesi (Uzmanlık tezi). Konya, Selçuk Üniversitesi.
  • Sbarra DA, Smith HL, Mehl MR (2012) When leaving your ex, love yourself: Observational ratings of self-compassion predict the course of emotional recovery following marital separation. Psychol Sci, 23:261-269.
  • Schance E, Stiles TC, Mccullough L, Svartberg M, Nielsen GH (2011) The relationship between activating affects, inhibitory affects, and self-compassion in patients with cluster c personality disorders. Psychotherapy, 48:293-303.
  • Schoenefeld SJ, Webb JB (2013) Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eat Behav, 14:493-496.
  • Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology: an introduction. Am Psychol, 55:5-14.
  • Shapira LB, Mongrain M (2010) The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. J Posit Psychol, 5:377-389.
  • Smeets E, Neff K, Alberts H, Peters M (2014) Meeting suffering with kindness: Effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for female college students. J Clin Psychol, 70:794-807.
  • Tanaka M, Wekerle C, Schmuck ML, Paglia-Boak A, The MAP Research Team (2011) The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health and self-compassion in child welfare adolescents. Child Abuse Negl, 35:887-898.
  • Tatlılıoğlu K (2010) Farklı öz-anlayış düzeyine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinin karar vermede öz-saygı, karar verme stilleri ve kişilik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi (Doktora tezi). Konya, Selçuk Üniversitesi.
  • Tel FD, Sarı T (2016) Üniversite öğrencilerinde özduyarlılık ve yaşam doyumu. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16:292-304.
  • Terry ML, Leary MR (2011) Self-compassion, self-regulation and health. Self Identity, 10:352-362.
  • Terry ML, Leary MR, Mehta S (2013) Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and dissatisfaction in the transition to college. Self Identity, 12:278-290.
  • Thompson BL, Waltz J (2008) Self-compassion and PTSD symptom severity. J Trauma Stress, 21:556-558.
  • Tylka TL, Russell HL, Neal AA (2015) Self-compassion as a moderator of thinness-related pressures’ associations with thin-ideal internalization and disordered eating. Eat Behav, 17:23-26.
  • Van Dam NT, Sheppard SC, Forsyth JP, Earleywine M (2011) Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. J Anxiety Disord, 25:123-130.
  • Vettese LC, Dyer CE, Li WL, Wekerle, C (2011) Self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotion regulation difficulties? a preliminary investigation. Int J Ment Health Addict, 9:480-491.
  • Webb JB, Forman MJ (2013) Evaluating the indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity through cognitive-affective self-regulatory pathways. Eat Behav, 14:224-228.
  • Wei M, Liao KY, Ku T, Shaffer PA (2011) Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults. J Pers, 79:191-221.
  • Werner KH, Jazaieri H, Goldin PR, Ziv M, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ (2012) Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety Stress Coping, 25:543-558.
  • Wong CCY, Mak WWS (2013) Differentiating the role of three self-compassion components in buffering cognitive-personality vulnerability to depression among Chinese in Hong Kong. J Couns Psychol, 60:162-169.
  • Yarnell LM, Neff KD (2013) Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self Identity, 12:146-159.
  • Young J (1999) Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Approach. (rev.ed.). Sarasota, Professional Resources Press.
  • Young J, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME (2003) Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Zabelina DL, Robinson MD (2010) Don’t be so hard on yourself: self-compassion facilitates creative originality among self-judgmental individuals. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 22:288-293.
  • Zeller M, Yuval K, Nitzan-Assayag YN (2015) Self-compassion in recovery following potentially traumatic stress: longitudinal study of at-risk youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 43:645-653.
  • Zessin U, Disckhäuser O, Garbade S (2015) The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being, 7:340-364.
Toplam 96 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Burcu Korkmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2018
Kabul Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Korkmaz B. Öz-Duyarlık: Psikolojik Belirtiler ile İlişkisi ve Psikoterapide Kullanımı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2018;10(1):40-58. doi:10.18863/pgy.336489

Cited By

Yetişkin Öz-Merhamet Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1453427










Merhamet ve Merhamet Odaklı Terapi
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Eşref NAS
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.525744

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