Structural and Functional Neural Correlates of Anorexia Nervosa

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 358 - 384, 30.09.2018

Deniz Atalayer

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.355513

Öz

The findings from neuroscience have shaped our understanding in the past decade regarding the way we perceive psychiatric illness. In addition to the more conventional theories that are based solely on the psychological and sociocultural factors to explain psychiatric disorders, there is growing evidence supporting a multifactorial etiology with genetic and neurological components. Anorexia nervosa, a life-threatening psychiatric disorder with relentless restrictive eating resulting in extremely low body weight, is one such illness that may be categorized as a brain disorder based on the recent findings. Although inconsistencies exist, several studies investigated the structural and the neurochemical alterations in the brain as well as the functional significance and the cognitive manifestations of these abnormalities in anorexia nervosa patient. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the neural aberrations and several treatment approaches targeting these abnormalities in anorexia nervosa.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anorexia Nervosa, Brain, Neural, Neurological, Structural, functional

Anoreksiya Nervozanın Sinir Sistemindeki Yapısal ve İşlevsel Etkileri

Öz

Sinirbiliminden son on yıl içinde elde edilen bulgular, psikiyatrik hastalıkların algılanış biçimiyle ilgili anlayışımızı şekillendirdi. Psikiyatrik bozuklukları açıklamada, psikolojik ve sosyokültürel faktörlere dayanan daha geleneksel teorilere ek olarak, genetik ve nörolojik bileşenleri de içeren çok yönlü bir etyolojiyi destekleyen kanıtlar her geçen gün artmaktadır. Kendini aç bırakma ve aşırı derecede düşük vücut ağırlığı ile tanımlanan ve ölümcül olma riski yüksek bir psikiyatrik bozukluk olan anoreksiya nervoza, bu bulgular ışığında, bir beyin bozukluğu olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Birbirinden farklı sonuçlar mevcut olmakla birlikte, anoreksiya nervoza hastalarının beyinlerindeki yapısal ve nörokimyasal değişiklik ve anomalileri ve bunların işlevsel önemi ve bilişsel sonuçlarını araştıran birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, anoreksiya nervozada saptanan anomali ve değişiklikleri ve bunları hedef alan birtakım tedavi yaklaşımları ile ilgili güncel literatürü bir araya getirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anorexia Nervosa, Beyin, Sinirsel, Yapısal, İşlevsel

Kaynakça

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