Sosyal Ağ Sitelerinin Kullanımı ve Öznel İyi Oluş

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 304 - 317, 30.09.2019

Leman Pınar Tosun

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.468532

Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında amaç, sosyal ağ sitelerinin kullanımı ile kişilerin öznel iyi oluşu arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği görgül çalışmaları derlemektir. İlk olarak, söz konusu ilişkinin, sosyal ağ sitelerinin kullanım türlerine göre (aktif ya da pasif) değiştiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Ardından, sosyal ağ sitelerinin pasif kullanımının neden ve nasıl düşük öznel iyi oluşla ilişkilendiğini açıklamaya yönelik bulgular üreten araştırmalar derlenmiş ve özel olarak sosyal karşılaştırmaları ve kıskançlık duygusunu açıklayıcı faktör olarak öne süren araştırmalar özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca pasif sosyal ağ kullanımının kıskançlık dışında hangi duyguları tetikleyebildiğinin ve öznel iyi oluşun bu duygulara göre nasıl değiştiğinin araştırılması gerektiği gündeme getirilmiştir. Ek olarak, pasif sosyal ağ kullanımının hangi duyguları açığa çıkardığının ve öznel iyi oluşla ilişkisinin sosyal ağlarda kimlerle temas kurulduğuna göre değişip değişmediği sorularına da çalışmalarda verilmiş cevaplar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal ağ kullanımı, öznel iyi oluş, sosyal karşılaştırma, kıskançlık

Use of Social Networking Sites and Subjective Well-Being

Öz

The aim of this article is to review the empirical studies on the relationship between the social networking sites use and subjective well-being of its users. Firstly, it has been pointed out that the outcomes of social networking sites use depend on the type of usage (active or passive). Next, the studies attempting to explain why passive social networking sites use is related to reduced subjective well-being have been compiled, and specifically, the studies in which social comparisons and feeling of envy has been offered as an explanatory mechanism have been summarized. A need for researching about which emotions other than envy may potentially be triggered by the passive social networking sites use and how subjective well-being changes depending on those emotions has been brought forward. In addition, answers given to the questions of whether the relationships between the passive social networking sites use and the users’ emotions and subjective well-being depended on who have been contacted through social networking sites were sought.

Anahtar Kelimeler

uses of social networking sites, subjective well-being, social comparisons, envy

Kaynakça

• Appel, H., Gerlach, A. L., ve Crusius, J. (2016). The interplay between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 44-49.
• Bessiere, K., Kiesler, S., Kraut, R., ve Boneva, B. S. (2008). Effects of Internet use and social resources on changes in depression. Information, Community and Society, 11(1), 47-70.
• Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G. ve Pavlovic, J. D. P. (2004). “Feeling superior but threatened: the relation of narcissism to social comparison”, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26(1), 35-44.
• Buunk, B. P., Gibbons, F. X. ve Reis-Bergan, M. (1997). Social Comparison in Health and Illness: A Historical Overview”, B. P. Buunk ve F. X. Gibbons, (ed), Health, Coping, and Well-Being: Perspective from Social Comparison Theory içinde (ss.1-23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Burke, M., Marlow, C. ve Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1909-1912.Burke,M. Kraut, R. ve Marlow, C. (2011). Social capital on Facebook: Changes in tie strength through social network site use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 4187-4196.Chou, H. T. G. ve Edge, N. (2012). ‘They are happier and having better lives than I am’: the impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others' lives, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 117-121.
• Collins, R. L. (1996). For better or worse: the impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations, Psychological Bulletin, 119 (1), 51-69.
• Deters, F. G.ve Mehl, M. R. (2013). Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment. Social, Psychological and Personality Science, 4(5), 579-586. Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
• Diener, E. (2009). Happiness. M. R. Leary, & R. H. Hoyle (Eds), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior içinde (ss. 147-160). New York, USA: The Guilford Press.
• Ding,Q. Zhang,Y.X., Wei, H., Huang, F. ve Zhou, Z.-K. (2017). Passive social network site use and subjective well-being among Chinese university students: A moderated mediation model of envy and gender, Personality and Individual Differences, 113, 142-146.
• Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. ve Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: social capital on college students’ use of online social network sites, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168.
• Fardouly J., Diedrichs, P.C., Vartanıan L. R. ve Halliwel, E. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns, Body Image, 12, 82-88.
• Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., ve Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161.
• Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes, Human Relations, 12, 117-140.
• Frison, E. ve Eggermont, S. (2015). “Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’ depressed mood”, Social Science Computer Review, 45, 1-19.
• Haferkamp, N. ve Krämer, N. C. (2011). Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(5), 309-314.
• Joinson, A. N. (2008). Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people? Motives and use of Facebook, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1027-1036.
• Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). The autonomous-relational self. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180-186.
• Kaşdarma, E. (2016). Facebook’taki sosyal karşılaştırma sürecinin ve bu süreçle ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa.
• King, L. A. ve Napa, C. K. (1998). What makes a life good? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 156-165.
• Krasnova, H., Wenninger, H., Widjaja, T. ve Buxmann, P. (2013, Şubat). Envy on Facebook: A hidden threat to users’ life satisfaction? 11th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, Leipzig, Almanya.
• Koroleva, K. Krasnova,H. Veltri, N. ve Günther, O. (2011). “It's All About Networking. Empirical Investigation Of Social Capital Formation On Social Network Sites”, Thirty Second International Conference on Information Systems, Shanghai.
• Kim, J. ve Lee, J. R. (2011). The Facebook path to happiness: effect of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(6), 359-364.
• Kim, J. Y., Chung, N.ve Ahn,K. M. (2013). Why people use social networking services in Korea: The mediating role of self-disclosure on subjective well-being. Information Development, 1-12.
• Kross E.,Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N……Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults, PloS One, 8(8), 1-6.
• Lee, S. Y. (2014). How do people compare themselves with others on social network sites? The case of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 253-260.
• Lee, G. Lee, J. ve Kwon, S. (2011). Use of social networking sites and subjective well-being: A study in South Korea. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(3), 151-155.
• Lim, M. ve Yang, Y. (2015). Effects of users’ envy and shame on social comparison that occurs on social network services. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 301-311.
• Locatelli, S.M., Kluwe, K. ve Bryant, F.B. (2012). Facebook use and the tendency to ruminate among college students: testing mediational hypothesis. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(4), 377-394.
• Locke, K. D. ve Nekich, J. C. (2000). Agency and communion in naturalistic social comparison, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26 (7), 864-874.
• Muise, A., Chritofıdes, E. ve Desmarais, S. .(2009). More information than you ever wanted: Does Facebook bring out the green-eyed monster of jealousy?, CyberPsychology and Behavior, 12(4), 441–444.
• Shaw, A.M., Timpano, K. R. Tran, T. B. ve Joorman, J. (2015). Correlates of Facebook usage patterns: the relationship between passive Facebook use, social anxiety symptoms, and brooding, Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 575-580.
• Simoncik, T.E., Kuhlman, K.R. Vargas, I. Houchins, S. ve Lopez-duran, N.L. (2014). Facebook use and depressive symptomatology: Investigating the role of neuroticism and extroversion in youth Computers in Human Behavior,40, 1-5.
• Smith, A. (2011). Why Americans use social media, PEW Research Center Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2018. http://www.pewinternet.org/2011/11/15/why-americans-use-social-media
• Smith, R. H. (2000). Assimilative and contrastive emotional reactions to upward and downward social comparisons. J. Suls & L. Wheeler (Eds.), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research (1. ed.) içinde (ss. 173-200). New York, NY: Plenum.
• Statista. (2018b). Average daily time spent on social media worldwide 2012-2017 https://www.statista.com/statistics/433871/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide/ Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2018.
• Statista. (2018a). Number of global media users from 2010 to 2021 (billions) https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users/ Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2018.
• Statista. (2018c). Most famous social network sites as of July 2018, ranked by the number of active users (million) https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/ Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2018.
• Suls J., Martin, R., ve Wheeler, L., (2002). Social comparison: why, with whom, and with what effect?, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 159-163.
• Tandoc, E.C. Ferrucci, P. ve Duffy, M. (2015). Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is Facebooking depressing?, Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 139-146.
• Tosun, L. P. (2017). Kişilerarası ilişkileri İnternet’te sürdürmek. “Sanal” ortamda “gerçek” kişiler: Sosyal ağlar ve sosyal psikoloji içinde (125-135). İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing “true self” on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1510-1517.
• Verduyn P., Lee, D. S., Park, J. Shablack, H. Orvel, A., Bayer, J……Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: experimental and longitudinal evidence”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 480-488.
• Verduyn, P., Ybarra, O., Resibois, M., Jonides, J. ve Kross, E. (2017). Do social networking sites enhance or undermine subjective well-being: A critical review. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11(1), 274-302.
• Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Okdie, B. M., Eckles, K. ve Franz, B. (2015). Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media and its outcomes, Personality and Individual Differences. 86, 249-256.
• Walther, J. B. (2007). Selective self-presentation in computer-mediated communication: Hyperpersonal dimensions of technology, language, and cognition, Computers in Human Behavior, 23(5), 2538-2557.
• Wang, S.S. (2013). “I share, therefore I am”: Personality traits, life satisfaction and Facebook check-ins. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(12), 870-877.
• Wheeler, L. ve Miyake, K. (1992). Social comparison in everyday life, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(5), 760-773.
• Der Ze, K. I., Buunk, B .P. ve Sanderman, R. (1995). Social comparison as a mediator between health problems and subjective health evaluations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34(1) 53-65.
• Yang, C. ve Brown, B. B. (2013). Motives for using Facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents’ social adjustment to college, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 403-416.