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Kimlik Gelişimi: Anlatı Kimliği ve Kuşaklararası Anlatı Kimliği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 455 - 475, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.676439

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, alan yazında kimlik olgusunun gelişimi ve buna dair kuramların kimlik olgusundaki rolünü incelemektir. Erikson’un psikososyal kimlik kuramında, bireylerin biyolojik-bireysel-sosyal yönlerindeki değişkenlerin onların ego kimliği oluşturmalarında son derece önemli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Erikson’dan sonra gelen ve onun fikirlerinden etkilenen kuramcıların ise kimliği çalışırken daha çok kimliğin bir yönünü merkeze aldıkları görülmüştür. Gelişim psikolojisi literatüründe daha çok kimlik oluşumunda bireysel-içsel faktör merkezli kuramlar ortaya konulmuştur. Son 30 yıllık zaman diliminde ise anlatı kuramcılarının kimlik oluşumunu ve gelişimini çalışarak Erikson’un kuramını bütüncül bir şekilde ele aldıkları görülmektedir. Anlatı kimlik formunda bireyler geçmişlerindeki deneyimlerden yola çıkarak bir hikaye formu oluşturmakta ve oluşturdukları bu hikaye formuna göre yaşayıp bir kimlik var etmektedirler. Bireyler anlatılar aracılığıyla kimliklerine dair tüm değişkenleri hikayeleştirerek anlattıklarından dolayı kimlik oluşumlarındaki tüm değişkenlerin ilişkisini ifade etme şansı bulmaktadırlar. Anlatı kuramcıları kimlik oluşumunda; öz hikayelerin, kuşaklararası hikayelerin, ana anlatıların, tarihsel ve sosyal olayların kimliği şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır.

Kaynakça

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  • Arnett JJ (2015) Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties, 2nd ed. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Atak H (2011) Kimlik gelişimi ve kimlik biçimlenmesi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3:1, 163-213.
  • Baerger DR, McAdams DP (1999) Life story coherence and its relations to psychological well-being. Narrative Inquiry, 9, 69–96.
  • Banks MV (2013) Narrative identity: The construction of the life story, autobiographical reasoning and psychological functioning in young adult (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). New Zealand, Victoria University of Wellington.
  • Bendle MF (2002) The crisis of 'identity' in high modernity. British Journal of Sociology, 53:1, 1-18.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1992). A process perspective on identity and stress management. (Eds GR Adams, TP Gullotta, R Montemayor): 771-788. New York, Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Berzonsky M, Ferrari J (1996) Identity orientation and decisional strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 20:5, 597-606. DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00001-3
  • Berzonsky MD, Macek P, Nurmi JE (2003). Interrelationships among identity process, content, and structure: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18, 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558402250344
  • Bishop DI, Weisgram ES, Holleque KM, Lund KE, Wheeler-Anderson JR (2005) Identity development and alcohol consumption: Current and retrospective self- reports by college students. Journal of Adolescence, 28, 523–533.
  • Bohanek JG, Fivush R (2010) Personal narratives, well-being and gender in adolescence. Cognitive Development, 25, 368–379. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.613
  • Bruner J (1990) Acts of meaning. London, Harvard University Press.
  • Christman J (2008) Why search for lost time? Memory, autonomy and practical reason. (Eds K Atkins C. Mackenzie):146-161, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Côté JE (2018) The Enduring Usefulness of Erikson’s Concept of the Identity Crisis in the 21st Century: An Analysis of Student Mental Health Concerns. Identity, 18:4, 251-263. DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2018.1524328
  • Côté JE, Levine C (1988) The Relationship Between Ego Identity Status and Erikson's Notions of Institutionalized Moratoria, Value Orientation Stage, and Ego Dominance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17:1, 81-99.
  • Çok F, Atak H (2015) Emerging adulthood in Turkey: Does it (yet) exist?. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 4:3, 46-75.
  • Çakır SG, Aydın G (2005) Parental attitudes and ego identity status of Turkish adolescents. Adolescence, 40, 847-859.
  • Demir İ (2007) Gençlerin kimlik yapıları: Farklı yerellikler ekseninde nitel bir inceleme (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Anabilim Dalı.
  • Demir İ (2011) Gençlerde yaşam doyumu ile kimlik işlevleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10:38, 99-113.
  • Demir İ, Derelioğlu Y (2012) Gençlerde otoriteriyenizmin yordayıcıları olarak kimlik statüleri ve kimlik stillerinin incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23:1, 99-119.
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Identity Development: Narrative Identity and Intergenerational Narrative Identity

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 455 - 475, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.676439

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the development of identity and the role of identity theories on identity in the related literature. In Erikson's psychosocial identity theory, it is emphasized that the variables in the biological-individual-social aspects of the individuals are critical in ego identity formation. The theorists who came after Erikson and were influenced by his ideas were predominantly focused on one aspect of identity in their identity studies. In the developmental psychology literature, individual-internal factor centered theories have been put forward in the identity formation. In the last three decades, it is seen that narrative theorists have holistically studied Erikson's theory by examining identity formation and development. In the narrative identity form, individuals form a story based on their past experiences, and they live and form an identity according to the story they create. Individuals have the chance to express the relationship of all the variables in their identity formation because they narrate all the variables related to their identities through narratives. Narrative theorists have tried to clarify that self-stories, inter-generational stories, master narrative, historical and social events form an identity.

Kaynakça

  • Adler JM (2012) Living into the story: Agency and coherence in a longitudinal study of narrative identity development and mental health over the course of psychotherapy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102:2, 367–389.
  • Adler JM, Chin ED, Kolisetty AP, Oltmanns TF (2012) The distinguishing characteristics of narrative identity in adults with features of borderline personality disorder: An empirical investigation. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 498–512.
  • Arnett J (2000) Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55:5, 459-480. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469
  • Arnett, J.J. (2003). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood among emerging adults in American ethnic groups, volume 100. (Eds JJ Arnett, N Galambos):63-75. New York, Wiley Periodicals.
  • Arnett JJ (2015) Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties, 2nd ed. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Atak H (2011) Kimlik gelişimi ve kimlik biçimlenmesi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3:1, 163-213.
  • Baerger DR, McAdams DP (1999) Life story coherence and its relations to psychological well-being. Narrative Inquiry, 9, 69–96.
  • Banks MV (2013) Narrative identity: The construction of the life story, autobiographical reasoning and psychological functioning in young adult (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). New Zealand, Victoria University of Wellington.
  • Bendle MF (2002) The crisis of 'identity' in high modernity. British Journal of Sociology, 53:1, 1-18.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1992). A process perspective on identity and stress management. (Eds GR Adams, TP Gullotta, R Montemayor): 771-788. New York, Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Berzonsky M, Ferrari J (1996) Identity orientation and decisional strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 20:5, 597-606. DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00001-3
  • Berzonsky MD, Macek P, Nurmi JE (2003). Interrelationships among identity process, content, and structure: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18, 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558402250344
  • Bishop DI, Weisgram ES, Holleque KM, Lund KE, Wheeler-Anderson JR (2005) Identity development and alcohol consumption: Current and retrospective self- reports by college students. Journal of Adolescence, 28, 523–533.
  • Bohanek JG, Fivush R (2010) Personal narratives, well-being and gender in adolescence. Cognitive Development, 25, 368–379. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.613
  • Bruner J (1990) Acts of meaning. London, Harvard University Press.
  • Christman J (2008) Why search for lost time? Memory, autonomy and practical reason. (Eds K Atkins C. Mackenzie):146-161, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Côté JE (2018) The Enduring Usefulness of Erikson’s Concept of the Identity Crisis in the 21st Century: An Analysis of Student Mental Health Concerns. Identity, 18:4, 251-263. DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2018.1524328
  • Côté JE, Levine C (1988) The Relationship Between Ego Identity Status and Erikson's Notions of Institutionalized Moratoria, Value Orientation Stage, and Ego Dominance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17:1, 81-99.
  • Çok F, Atak H (2015) Emerging adulthood in Turkey: Does it (yet) exist?. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 4:3, 46-75.
  • Çakır SG, Aydın G (2005) Parental attitudes and ego identity status of Turkish adolescents. Adolescence, 40, 847-859.
  • Demir İ (2007) Gençlerin kimlik yapıları: Farklı yerellikler ekseninde nitel bir inceleme (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Anabilim Dalı.
  • Demir İ (2011) Gençlerde yaşam doyumu ile kimlik işlevleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10:38, 99-113.
  • Demir İ, Derelioğlu Y (2012) Gençlerde otoriteriyenizmin yordayıcıları olarak kimlik statüleri ve kimlik stillerinin incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23:1, 99-119.
  • Erikson EH (1968) Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, Norton.
  • Erikson EH (1950) Childhood and society. New York, Norton.
  • Featherstone M (2000) Public life, information technology, and the global city: New possibilities for citizenship and identity formation. (Ed JE Davis):53-79. New York, Routledge.
  • Fivush, R. (2014). Gender and voice in emotional reminiscing, vol 26. (Ed KH Lagattuta):81–94, Base, KARGER. DOI:10.1159/000354360.
  • Fivush R, Merrill N (2016) An ecological system approach to family narratives. Memory Studies, 9:3, 305-314. DOI: 10.1177/1750698016645264.
  • Fivush R, Marin K, Crawford M, Reynolds M, Brewin CR (2007) Children’s narratives and well-being. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 1414–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930601109531
  • Fivush R, Marin K, McWilliams K, Bohanek J (2009) Family reminiscing style: Parent gender and emotional focus in relation to adolescent well-being. Journal of Cognition and Development: Official Journal of the Cognitive Development Society, 10, 210–235. doi:10.1080/15248370903155866.
  • Fivush R, Zeman W (2011) Intergenerational narratives: How collective family stories Relate to adolescents’ emotional well-being. Aurora, 10, 51-63. www.pucsp.br/revistaaurora
  • Gergen KJ (2000) Technology, self, and the moral project. (Ed JE Davis):135-154. New York, Routledge.
  • Gergen KJ, Gergen MM (1988) Narrative and the self as relationship, vol 21. (Ed L Berkowitz):17-56. San Diego, CA, Academic Press.
  • Habermas T (2011) Autobiographical reasoning: Arguing and narrating from a biographical perspective. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 131, 1–18. doi:10.1002/cd.285
  • Habermas T, Bluck S (2000) Getting a life: Emergences of the life story in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 126:5, 748–769. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.748.
  • Hammack PL (2006) Identity, conflict, and coexistence: Life stories of Israeli and Palestinian Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21:4, 323-69. DOI: 10.1177/0743558406289745.
  • Hammack PL (2008) Narrative and cultural psychology of identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12:3, 222-47. DOI: 10.1177/1088868308316892.
  • Hammack PL (2010) The cultural psychology of Palestinian youth: A narrative approach. Culture & Psychology, 16:4, 507-37. DOI: 10.1177/1354067X10380159.
  • Hammack PL, Toolish EE (2015) Putting the social into personal identity: The master narrative as root metaphor for psychological and developmental science. Human Development, 58, 350-64. DOI: 10.1159/000446054.
  • Hihara S, Sugimura K, Syed M (2018). Forming a negative ıdentity in contemporary society: Shedding light on the most problematic ıdentity resolution. Identity, 18(4), 325-333. DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2018.1524329
  • Hogg MA, Vaughan GM (2014) Sosyal psikoloji (7.Edisyon) (Çeviri İ Yıldız, A Gelmez). Ankara, Ütopya.
  • Hooker BA (2016) The life stories of teachers in post compulsory education: A narrative exploration of teacher identity (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). England, University of Wolverhampton.
  • İlhan T, Özdemir Y (2012) Beliren yetişkinlerde yaş, cinsiyet ve bağlanma stillerinin kimlik statüleri üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 227-241.
  • Koenig Kellas J (2005) Family ties: Communicating identity through jointly told family stories. Communication Monographs, 72:4, 365-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750500322453
  • Kroger J (2003) Identity development during adolescence. (Eds GR Adams, MD Berzonsky):205-226. London, Blackwell Publishing.
  • Luyckx K, Goossens L, Soenens BA (2006) developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Development Psychology, 42, 366-380.
  • Luyckx K, Goossens L, Soenens B, Beyers W, Vansteenkiste M (2005) Identity statuses based on 4 rather than 2 identity dimensions: Extending and refining Marcia’s paradigm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 605–618.
  • Luyckx K, Schwartz SJ, Goossens L, Soenens B (2008) The relationship between identity development and adjustment in the transitionto adulthood: Variable-centered and person centered approaches.Journalof Research on Adolescence, 18, 595-619.
  • Marcia JE (1966) Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.
  • Marin K, Bohanek JG, Fivush R (2008) Positive effects of talking about the negative: Family narratives of negative experiences and preadolescents’ perceived competence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2008.00572.x.
  • McAdams DP (1989) The development of a narrative identity. (Eds DM Buss, N Cantor):160-174. New York, USA, Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • McAdams DP (2001) The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology 5(2), 100 – 122. DOI: 10.1037//I089-2680.5.2.100
  • McAdams DP (2006) The problem of narrative coherene. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19, 109–125. DOI: 10.1080/10720530500508720
  • McAdams DP (2011) Narrative identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.):99-115. New York: Springer.
  • McAdams DP (2013) The psychological self as actor, agent, and author. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 272–295. doi:10.1177/1745691612464657
  • McAdams DP, McLean KC (2013) Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. DOI: 10.1177/0963721413475622.
  • McAdams DP, Pals JL (2006) A new big five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204
  • McLean KC (2008) The emergence of narrative identity. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2:4, 1685–1702. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00124.x.
  • McLean KC, Pasupathi M, Pals JL (2007) Selves creating stories creating selves: A process model of self-development. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11:3, 262–278. doi:10.1177/1088868307301034.
  • McLean KC, Syed M (2015a) The Oxford Handbook of identity development. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • McLean KC, Syed M (2015b) Personal, Master, and Alternative Narratives: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Identity Development in Context. Human Development, 58, 318-349. DOI: 10.1159/000445817
  • Merrill N, Fivush R, (2016) Intergenerational narratives and identity across development. Developmental Review, 40, 72-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.03.001.
  • Merrill N, Gallo E, Fivush R (2015) Gender differences in family dinnertime conversations. Discourse Processes, 52:7, 533–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2014.958425.
  • Morsünbül Ü, Çok F (2013) Kimlik gelişiminde yeni bir boyut: Seçeneklerin saplantılı araştırılması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5:40, 232-244.
  • Morsünbül Ü, Uçar E (2017) Kimlik stilleri, süreçleri ve statülerinin kimlik işlevleri ile ilişkileri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13:1, 25-35.
  • Peterson EE, Langellier KM (2006) The performance turn in narrative studies. Narrative Inquiry, 16(1), 173–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.16.1.22pet.
  • Reese E, Fivush R (2008) The development of collective remembering. Memory (Hove, England), 16, 201–212. doi:10.1080/ 09658210701806516.
  • Reese E, Myftari E, McAnally HM, Chan Y, Neha T, et al. (2017) Telling the tale and living well: Adolescent narrative ıdentity, personality traits, and well-being across cultures. Child Development, 88(2), 612-628. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12618
  • Rogers LO (2018) Who am ı, who are we? Erikson and a transactional approach to identity research. Identity, 18:4, 284-294. DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2018.1523728
  • Sarbin TR (1986) The narrative as a root metaphor for psychology. (Ed TR Sarbin): 3-21. London, Praeger.
  • Sartre JP (1969) Nausea (Çeviri V.D. Aardweg). New York, New Directions.
  • Schachter, E.P. (2018). Intergenerational, uncounscious, and embodied: Three underdeveloped aspects of Erikson’s theory of identity. Identity, 18:4, 315-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2018.1523731
  • Schachter EP (2015) Integrating “internal,” “interactional,” and “external” perspectives: Identity process as the formulation of accountable claims regarding selves. (Eds KC McLean, M Syed):228–245. New York, NY, Oxford University Press.
  • Schwartz SJ, Beyers W, Luyckx K, Soenens B, Zamboanga et al. (2011a) Examining the light and dark sides of emerging adults’ identity: A study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychosocial functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 839–859.
  • Schwartz SJ, Klimstra TA, Luyckx K, Hale WW, Frijns T, et al. (2011b) Daily dynamics of personal identity and self-concept clarity. European Journal of Personality, 25, 373–385.
  • Schwartz SJ, Zamboanga BL, Weisskirch RS, Rodriguez L (2009) The relationships of personal and ethnic identity exploration to indices of adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 131–144.
  • Schwartz SJ, Zamboanga BL, Luyckx K, Meca A, Ritchie, RA (2013) Identity in emerging adulthood: Reviewing the field and looking forward. Emerging Adulthood, 1:2, 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696813479781
  • Thompson B, Kellas JK, Soliz J, Thompson J, Epp A, Schrodt P (2009) Family legacies: Constructing individual and family identity through intergenerational storytelling. Narrative Inquiry, 19(1), 106-134. doi: 10.1075/ni.19.1.07tho.
  • Thorne A (2000) Personal memory telling and personality development. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 45–56.
  • Thorne A (2004) Putting the person into social identity. Human Development, 47, 361-365. DOI: 10.1159/000081038
  • VandenBos GR (2015) Idendity. APA dictionary of psychology (s. 519, Second Edition). Amarican Psychology Assossication: Washington, DC.
  • Vignoles VL, Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K (2011) Introduction: Toward an integrative view of identity. (Eds SJ Schwartz, K Luyckx, VL Vignoles):1-31. New York, Springer.
  • Waters TEA, Fivush R (2015) Relations between narrative coherence, identity, and psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Journal of Personality, 83(4), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12120.
  • Waterman AS (1999) Identity, the identity statuses, and identity statuses development: A contemporary statement. Developmental Review, 19, 591-621.
  • Yazgan İnanç B, Yerlikaya EE (2017) Kişilik kuramları (13. Baskı). Ankara, Pegem Yayınları.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gelişim Psikolojisi, Sosyal Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Naif Ergün 0000-0001-5346-5053

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Ergün N. Kimlik Gelişimi: Anlatı Kimliği ve Kuşaklararası Anlatı Kimliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Aralık 2020;12(4):455-475. doi:10.18863/pgy.676439

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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.