The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of prior childhood abuse and current psychological symptoms on the frequency of drug use and self-harming behavior among a group of male prisoners convicted of robbery. The sample consists of 127 men convicted of armed, aggravated, unarmed/forced robbery, who were held in Metris T-type closed penitentiary state correctional institution. History of childhood abuse was assessed with The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and psychological symptoms were assessed with The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Frequency of drug use was assessed with three questions and self-harm was assessed through four questions both on the self-completed demographic information form. Among 127 men recruited, history of childhood abuse and psychological symptoms provided discrimination concerning frequency of drug use and self-harm. The rate of self-harming individuals in the present study was relatively high compared to the literature. There was a significant correlation between CTQ total and subscale scores and BSI total and subscale scores, except for the emotional neglect subscale.
Ahmad, A. & Mazlan, N. H. (2014). Substance abuse and childhood trauma experiences: Comparison between incarcerated and non-incarcerated youth. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.023
Alevizopoulos, G. & Igoumenou, A. (2016). Psychiatric disorders and criminal history in male prisoners in Greece. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 47, 171–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.04.003
Altıntaş, M. & Bilici, M. (2018). Evaluation of childhood trauma with respect to criminal behavior, dissociative experiences, adverse family experiences and psychiatric backgrounds among prison inmates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 82, 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.12.006
Asberg, K. & Renk, K. (2012). Substance use coping as a mediator of the relationship between trauma symptoms and substance use consequences among incarcerated females with childhood sexual abuse histories. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(7), 799-808. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2012.669446
Aslan, S. H. & Alparslan, Z. N. (1999). Çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ölçeği'nin bir üniversite öğrencisi örnekleminde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(4), 275-285.
Aslan, A., Arıcak, O. T., & Karadaşlı, B. (2019). Madde kullanan hükümlü bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(1), 1-11.
Belding, M. A., Iguchi, M. Y., Lamb, R. J., Lakin, M., & Terry, R. (1996). Coping strategies and continued drug use among methadone maintenance patients. Addictive Behaviors, 21(3), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(95)00069-0
Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., & ark. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132-1136. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
Borja, K., & Ostrosky, F. (2013). Early traumatic events in psychopaths. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(4), 927–931. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12104
Brazao, N., Motta, C., Rijo, D., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). The prevalence of personality disorders in Portuguese male prison inmates: Implications for penitentiary treatment. Analise Psicologica, 3, 279-290. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.975
Browne, A. & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of child sexual abuse: a review of the research. Psycological Bulletin, 99, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.66
Chen, W. Y., Propp, J., Lara, E., & Corvo, K. (2011). Child neglect and its association with subsequent juvenile drug and alcohol offense. Child Adolescence Social Work Journal, 28, 273-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-011-0232-2
Chen, G. & Gueta, K. (2015). Child abuse, drug addiction and mental health problems of incarcerated women in Israel. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 39, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.01.019
Crosson-Tower, C. (1999). Understanding child abuse and neglect. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Darke, S., & Torok, M. (2013). Childhood physical abuse, non-suicidal self-harm and attempted suicide amongst regular injecting drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 420–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.026
Debowska, A. & Boduszek, D. (2017). Child abuse and neglect profiles and their psychosocial consequences in a large sample of incarcerated males. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 266-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.003
Derogatis L. R (1992) The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. USA, Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc.
Dietrich, A. (2003) Characteristics of child maltreatment, psychological dissociation, and somatoform dissociation of canadian inmates. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(1), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.1300/J229v04n01_06
Duin, L., Bevaart, F., Zijlmans, J., Luijks, M-J. A., Doreleijers, T. A. H., Wierdsma, A. I., … Popma, A. (2018). The role of adverse childhood experiences and mental health care use in psychological dysfunction of male multi-problem young adults. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1263-4
Espeleta, H., Brett, E., Ridings, L., Leavens, E., & Mullins, L. (2018). Childhood adversity and adult health-risk behaviors: Examining the roles of emotion dysregulation and urgency. Child Abuse & Neglect, 82, 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.027
Evren, C., Cinar, O, Evren, B., & Celik, S. (2012). Relationship of self-mutilative behaviors with severity of borderline personality, childhood trauma and impulsivity in male substance-dependent inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 200, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.017
Fishbein, D., Novak, S. P., Krebs, C., Warner, T., & Hammond, J. (2011). The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and drug use initiation. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 527-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.030
Fotiadou, M., Livaditis, M., Manou, I., Kaniotou, E., & Xenitidis, K. (2006). Prevalence of mental disorders and deliberate self-harm in Greek male prisoners. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 29, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.06.009.
Friestad, C. & Kjelsberg, E. (2009). Drug use and mental health problems among prison inmates: Results from a nation-wide prison population study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480802571044
Garbarino, J. (2000). The elusive “Crime” of emotional abuse. In A. C. Donnelly & K. Oates (Eds.). Classic papers in child abuse. California, CA: Sage Publications.
Garcia, C. H., Moral, J., Frias, M., Valdivia, J. A., & Diaz, H. L. (2012). Family and socio-demographic risk factors for psychopathy among prison inmates. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 4(2), 119-134.
Gore-Felton, C., Koopman, C., McGarvey, E., Hernandez, N., & Cantebury, R. J. (2001). Relationships of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse to emotional and behavioral problems among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v10n01_04
Greene, C. A., Ford, J. D., Wakefield, D. B., & Barry, L. C. (2014). Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1569–1580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.006
Gunter, T. D., Chibnall, J. T., Antoniak, S. K., Philibert, R. A., & Hollenbeck, N. (2011). Predictors of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm without lethal intent in a community corrections sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.02.005
Harford, T. C., Yi, H., & Grant, B. F. (2014). Associations between childhood abuse and interpersonal aggression and suicide attempt among U.S. adults in a national study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1389–1398. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.011
Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E., Weatherall, R. (2002). Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. British Medical Journal, 325, 1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
Heggeness, L., Lechner, W. V., & Ciesla, J. A. (2019). Coping via substance use, internal attribution bias, and their depressive interplay: Findings from a three-week daily diary study using a clinical sample. Addictive behaviors, 89, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.019.
Hogarth, L., Martin, L., & Seedat, S. (2019). Relationship between childhood abuse and substance misuse problems is mediated by substance use coping motives, in school attending South African adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.009.
Hong, F., Tarullo, A. R., Mercurio, A. E., Liu, S., Cai, Q., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and perceived stress in young adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies, self-efficacy, and resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.014.
İbrahim, A., Esena, R. K., Aikins, M., O’Keefe, A. M., , & McKay, M. M. (2015). Assessment of mental distress among prison inmates in Ghana’s correctional system: a cross-sectional study using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 9(17), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0011-0
Jangam, K., Muralidharan, K., Tansa, K. A., Raj, E. A. , & Bhowmick, P. (2015). Incidence of childhood abuse among women with psychiatric disorders compared with healthy women: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Child Abuse & Neglect, 50, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.017
Johnson, R. J., Ross, M. W., Taylor, W. C., Williams, M. L., Carvajal, R. I., & Peters, R. J. (2005). A History of Drug Use and Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Incarcerated Males in a County Jail. Substance Use & Misuse, 40(2), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1081/JA-200048457
Jones, M. S., Sharp S. F., & Worthen, M. G. F. (2016). Broken Hearts and Battered Lives: Adverse and Abusive Life Histories and Externalized Responses to Anger as Pathways to Illicit Drug Use Among Incarcerated Women. Women & Criminal Justice, 28, 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2017.1372329
Karakartal, D. (2017). Cezaevinde yatan mahkumların ruh sağlıklarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 25-41.
Karamustafa, M. (2017). Samsun Vezirköprü M Tipi Kapalı Ceza Infaz Kurumu’nda kalan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan hükümlüler ile madde kullanmamış olan hükümlülerin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve benlik saygılarının incelenmesi (yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Beykent Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Kenny, D. T., Lennings, C. J., & Munn, O. A. M. (2008). Risk Factors for Self-Harm and Suicide in Incarcerated Young Offenders: Implications for Policy and Practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8(4), 358-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930802199317
Khaleque, A., Shirin, A., & Uddin, M. K. (2013). Attachment Relationships and Psychological Adjustment of Married Adults. Social Indicators Research,110, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9926-2
Kinyanjui, D. W. C. , & Atwoli, L. (2013). Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–8. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-53.
Kirchner, T., Forns, M., & Mohino, S. (2008). Identifying the risk of deliberate self-harm among young prisoners by means of coping typologies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(4), 442-448. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.4.442
Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. , & Turkheimer, E. (2014). Deliberate self-harm in a non-clinical population: prevalence and psychological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
Krammer, S., Eisenbarth, H., Hügli, D., Liebrenz, Michael; Kuwert, P. (2017). The relationship between childhood traumatic events, social support, and mental health problems in prisoners. The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology, 29(1), 72-85. 10.1080/14789949.2017.1337802.
Lake, S., Hayashi, K., Milloy, M-J., Wood, E., Dong, H., Montaner, j., & Kerr, T. (2015). Associations between childhood trauma and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.014
Lisak, D. & Beszterczey, S. (2007). The Cycle of Violence: The Life Histories of 43 Death Row Inmates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(2), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.8.2.118
Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Perrine, N., Derker, L. , & Kelley, M. L. (2007). Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 37(8), 1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170700027X
Marotta, P. L. (2017). Childhood Adversities and Substance Misuse Among the Incarcerated: Implications for Treatment and Practice in Correctional Settings. Substance Use & Misuse, 52(6), 717-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1261899
Maughan, A. & Cicchetti, D. (2002). Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children’s emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment. Child Development, 73(5), 1525-1542. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00488
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2013). Impacts of adverse childhood experiences on health, mental health, and substance use in early adulthood: A cohort study of an urban, minority sample in the U.S. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(11), 917-925. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.011
Meydan, H. N. (2019). Gümüşhane E tipi açık ve kapalı ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan erkek hükümlülerin depresyon düzeyleri ve saldırgan davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (unpublished master thesis, yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). T.C. Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Peraza, N., Smit, T., Garey, L., Manning, K., Buckner, J. D. , & Zvolensky, M. J. (2019). Distress tolerance and cessation-related cannabis processes: The role of cannabis use coping motives. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.047.
Reddy, M. K., Pickett, S. M. , & Orcutt, H. K. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in college students. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(1). doi:10.1300/J135v06n01_04.
Rich, S. L., Wilson, J. K., & Robertson, A. A. (2017). The impact of trauma on alcohol and drug use: A study of high-risk incarcerated girls. Journal of Child and Adolescence Substance Abuse, 25(3), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2015.1007197
Roberts, A., Yang, M., Zhang, T., & Coid, J. (2008). Personality disorder, temperament, and childhood adversity: Findings from a cohort of prisoners in England and Wales. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 19(4), 460–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940801936597
Ross, J., Waterhouse-Bradley, B, Contractor, A. A:, & Armour, C. (2018). Typologies of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to incarceration in U.S. military veterans. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.023
Sakelliadis, E. I., Papadodima, S. A., Sergentanis, T. N., Giotakos, O., & Spiliopoulou, C. A. (2010). Self-injurious behavior among Greek male prisoners: Prevalence and risk factors. European Psychiatry, 25, 151–158. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.014.
Sansone, R. A., Gaither, G. A., Songer, D. A. , & Allen, J. L. (2005). Multiple psychiatric diagnosis and self-harm behavior. International Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Practice, 9(1), 41-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13651500510018293.
Scott, R. M, Hides, L., Allen, J. S. , & Lubman, D. I. (2013). Coping style and ecstasy use motives as predictors of current mood symptoms in ecstast users. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 2465-2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.05.005.
Sheffler, J. L., Piazza, J. R., Quinn, J. M., Sachs-Ericsson, N. J. , & Stanley, I. H. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and coping strategies: identifying pathways to resiliency in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 32(5), 594-609, DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1638699.
Skarupski, K. A., Parisi, J. M., Thorpe, R., Tanner, E., & Gross, D. (2016). The association of adverse childhood experiences with mid-life depressive symptoms and quality of life among incarcerated males: exploring multiple mediation. Aging & Mental Health, 20(6), 655-666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1033681
Şahin, N. H. & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Inventory): Türk gençleri için uyarlaması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, Ankara, 31, 44-56.
Şimşek, İ. (2018). Yaşanan travmatik olaya bağlı alkol/madde kullanımı olan tutuklu/hükümlü bireylerde travma sonrası stres belirtileri ile travma sonrası bilişlerin incelenmesi (unpublished master thesis, yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). T.C. Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Taşören, A. B. (2018). Drug use and self-harming behavior among incarcerated men: does childhood abuse, anger, and executive function make a difference? Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(9), 1006-1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1346028
Verdolini, N., et al. (2017). The aggressor at the mirror: psychiatric correlates of deliberate self-harm in male prison inmates. European Psychiatry, 44, 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.04.002
Völlm, B. A. & Dolan, M. C. (2009). Self-harm among UK female prisoners: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20(5), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940903174030.
Yüksel, M. & Çifçi, E. G. (2017). Yetişkin hükümlülerin çocukluk çağı travma düzeyinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (A study of childhood trauma in convicted adults). Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 30, 57-86.
Walker, A. (2002). Dissociation in Incarcerated Juvenile Male Offenders — A Pilot Study in Australia. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 9(1), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2002.9.1.56
Warm, A., Murray, C., & Fox, J. (2009). Who helps? Supporting people who self-harm. Journal of Mental Health, 11(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/096382301200041533
Wingo, A., P., Baldessarini, R. J. , & Windle, M. (2015). Coping styles: Longitudinal development from ages 17 to 33 and associations with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 299-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.021
Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Child abuse: Implications for child development and psychopathology. California, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Wolff, N. , & Shi, J. (2012). Childhood and Adult Trauma Experiences of Incarcerated Persons and Their Relationship to Adult Behavioral Health Problems and Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 9(5), 1908-1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9051908
Wong, C. F., Silva, K., Kecojevic, A., Schrager, S. M., Bloom, J. J., Iverson, E., & Lankenau, S. E. (2013). Coping and emotion regulation profiles as predictors of nonmedical prescription drug and illicit drug use among high-risk young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.024
Wu, N, Schairer, L. C., Dellor, E., & Grella, C. (2010). Childhood trauma and health outcomes in adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.003
Yüksel, M. & Çifci, E. G. (2017). Yetişkin hükümlülerin çocukluk çağı travma düzeyinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 0(30), 57-85.
Soygundan Hüküm Giymiş Erkeklerde, Çocukluk Dönemi İstismarı ile Psikolojik Semptomların Uyuşturucu Kullanma Sıklığı ve Kendine Zarar Verme Sıklığını Ayırt Ediciliği
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: Ek 1, 83 - 91, 29.12.2022
Bu çalışmada, çocukluk çağı istismar yaşantısı ile psikolojik semptom sıklığının, uyuşturucu madde kullanma ve kendine zarar verme davranışlarının sıklığını ayırd ediciliğine bakılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Metris T tipi cezaevinde yağma, silahlı, silahsız soygundan hükümlü 127 erkek oluşturmaktadır. Çocukluk dönemi istismarı Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (ÇÇTÖ) ile, psikolojik semptomlar ise Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ile ölçülmüştür. Uyuşturucu madde kullanımı ve kendine zarar verme davranışı demografik bilgi formunda sorulan sorularla belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, çocukluk çağı istismar yaşantısı ile psikolojik semptom sıklığının, uyuşturucu madde kullanma ve kendine fiziksel zarar verme davranışlarının sıklığını ayırd ettiğini, psikolojik semptomların daha yüksek ayırd ediciliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada, duygusal ihmal dışında tüm ÇÇTÖ alt ölçek puanlarının, KSE toplam puanı ve tüm alt ölçek puanları ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Duygusal ihmal ise sadece hostilite ile ilişkili çıkmıştır.
Ahmad, A. & Mazlan, N. H. (2014). Substance abuse and childhood trauma experiences: Comparison between incarcerated and non-incarcerated youth. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.023
Alevizopoulos, G. & Igoumenou, A. (2016). Psychiatric disorders and criminal history in male prisoners in Greece. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 47, 171–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.04.003
Altıntaş, M. & Bilici, M. (2018). Evaluation of childhood trauma with respect to criminal behavior, dissociative experiences, adverse family experiences and psychiatric backgrounds among prison inmates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 82, 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.12.006
Asberg, K. & Renk, K. (2012). Substance use coping as a mediator of the relationship between trauma symptoms and substance use consequences among incarcerated females with childhood sexual abuse histories. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(7), 799-808. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2012.669446
Aslan, S. H. & Alparslan, Z. N. (1999). Çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ölçeği'nin bir üniversite öğrencisi örnekleminde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(4), 275-285.
Aslan, A., Arıcak, O. T., & Karadaşlı, B. (2019). Madde kullanan hükümlü bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(1), 1-11.
Belding, M. A., Iguchi, M. Y., Lamb, R. J., Lakin, M., & Terry, R. (1996). Coping strategies and continued drug use among methadone maintenance patients. Addictive Behaviors, 21(3), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(95)00069-0
Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., & ark. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132-1136. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
Borja, K., & Ostrosky, F. (2013). Early traumatic events in psychopaths. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(4), 927–931. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12104
Brazao, N., Motta, C., Rijo, D., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). The prevalence of personality disorders in Portuguese male prison inmates: Implications for penitentiary treatment. Analise Psicologica, 3, 279-290. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.975
Browne, A. & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of child sexual abuse: a review of the research. Psycological Bulletin, 99, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.66
Chen, W. Y., Propp, J., Lara, E., & Corvo, K. (2011). Child neglect and its association with subsequent juvenile drug and alcohol offense. Child Adolescence Social Work Journal, 28, 273-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-011-0232-2
Chen, G. & Gueta, K. (2015). Child abuse, drug addiction and mental health problems of incarcerated women in Israel. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 39, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.01.019
Crosson-Tower, C. (1999). Understanding child abuse and neglect. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Darke, S., & Torok, M. (2013). Childhood physical abuse, non-suicidal self-harm and attempted suicide amongst regular injecting drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 420–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.026
Debowska, A. & Boduszek, D. (2017). Child abuse and neglect profiles and their psychosocial consequences in a large sample of incarcerated males. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 266-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.003
Derogatis L. R (1992) The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. USA, Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc.
Dietrich, A. (2003) Characteristics of child maltreatment, psychological dissociation, and somatoform dissociation of canadian inmates. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(1), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.1300/J229v04n01_06
Duin, L., Bevaart, F., Zijlmans, J., Luijks, M-J. A., Doreleijers, T. A. H., Wierdsma, A. I., … Popma, A. (2018). The role of adverse childhood experiences and mental health care use in psychological dysfunction of male multi-problem young adults. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1263-4
Espeleta, H., Brett, E., Ridings, L., Leavens, E., & Mullins, L. (2018). Childhood adversity and adult health-risk behaviors: Examining the roles of emotion dysregulation and urgency. Child Abuse & Neglect, 82, 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.027
Evren, C., Cinar, O, Evren, B., & Celik, S. (2012). Relationship of self-mutilative behaviors with severity of borderline personality, childhood trauma and impulsivity in male substance-dependent inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 200, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.017
Fishbein, D., Novak, S. P., Krebs, C., Warner, T., & Hammond, J. (2011). The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and drug use initiation. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 527-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.030
Fotiadou, M., Livaditis, M., Manou, I., Kaniotou, E., & Xenitidis, K. (2006). Prevalence of mental disorders and deliberate self-harm in Greek male prisoners. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 29, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.06.009.
Friestad, C. & Kjelsberg, E. (2009). Drug use and mental health problems among prison inmates: Results from a nation-wide prison population study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480802571044
Garbarino, J. (2000). The elusive “Crime” of emotional abuse. In A. C. Donnelly & K. Oates (Eds.). Classic papers in child abuse. California, CA: Sage Publications.
Garcia, C. H., Moral, J., Frias, M., Valdivia, J. A., & Diaz, H. L. (2012). Family and socio-demographic risk factors for psychopathy among prison inmates. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 4(2), 119-134.
Gore-Felton, C., Koopman, C., McGarvey, E., Hernandez, N., & Cantebury, R. J. (2001). Relationships of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse to emotional and behavioral problems among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v10n01_04
Greene, C. A., Ford, J. D., Wakefield, D. B., & Barry, L. C. (2014). Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1569–1580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.006
Gunter, T. D., Chibnall, J. T., Antoniak, S. K., Philibert, R. A., & Hollenbeck, N. (2011). Predictors of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm without lethal intent in a community corrections sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.02.005
Harford, T. C., Yi, H., & Grant, B. F. (2014). Associations between childhood abuse and interpersonal aggression and suicide attempt among U.S. adults in a national study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1389–1398. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.011
Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E., Weatherall, R. (2002). Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. British Medical Journal, 325, 1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
Heggeness, L., Lechner, W. V., & Ciesla, J. A. (2019). Coping via substance use, internal attribution bias, and their depressive interplay: Findings from a three-week daily diary study using a clinical sample. Addictive behaviors, 89, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.019.
Hogarth, L., Martin, L., & Seedat, S. (2019). Relationship between childhood abuse and substance misuse problems is mediated by substance use coping motives, in school attending South African adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.009.
Hong, F., Tarullo, A. R., Mercurio, A. E., Liu, S., Cai, Q., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and perceived stress in young adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies, self-efficacy, and resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.014.
İbrahim, A., Esena, R. K., Aikins, M., O’Keefe, A. M., , & McKay, M. M. (2015). Assessment of mental distress among prison inmates in Ghana’s correctional system: a cross-sectional study using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 9(17), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0011-0
Jangam, K., Muralidharan, K., Tansa, K. A., Raj, E. A. , & Bhowmick, P. (2015). Incidence of childhood abuse among women with psychiatric disorders compared with healthy women: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Child Abuse & Neglect, 50, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.017
Johnson, R. J., Ross, M. W., Taylor, W. C., Williams, M. L., Carvajal, R. I., & Peters, R. J. (2005). A History of Drug Use and Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Incarcerated Males in a County Jail. Substance Use & Misuse, 40(2), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1081/JA-200048457
Jones, M. S., Sharp S. F., & Worthen, M. G. F. (2016). Broken Hearts and Battered Lives: Adverse and Abusive Life Histories and Externalized Responses to Anger as Pathways to Illicit Drug Use Among Incarcerated Women. Women & Criminal Justice, 28, 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2017.1372329
Karakartal, D. (2017). Cezaevinde yatan mahkumların ruh sağlıklarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 25-41.
Karamustafa, M. (2017). Samsun Vezirköprü M Tipi Kapalı Ceza Infaz Kurumu’nda kalan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan hükümlüler ile madde kullanmamış olan hükümlülerin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve benlik saygılarının incelenmesi (yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Beykent Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Kenny, D. T., Lennings, C. J., & Munn, O. A. M. (2008). Risk Factors for Self-Harm and Suicide in Incarcerated Young Offenders: Implications for Policy and Practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8(4), 358-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930802199317
Khaleque, A., Shirin, A., & Uddin, M. K. (2013). Attachment Relationships and Psychological Adjustment of Married Adults. Social Indicators Research,110, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9926-2
Kinyanjui, D. W. C. , & Atwoli, L. (2013). Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–8. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-53.
Kirchner, T., Forns, M., & Mohino, S. (2008). Identifying the risk of deliberate self-harm among young prisoners by means of coping typologies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(4), 442-448. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.4.442
Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. , & Turkheimer, E. (2014). Deliberate self-harm in a non-clinical population: prevalence and psychological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
Krammer, S., Eisenbarth, H., Hügli, D., Liebrenz, Michael; Kuwert, P. (2017). The relationship between childhood traumatic events, social support, and mental health problems in prisoners. The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology, 29(1), 72-85. 10.1080/14789949.2017.1337802.
Lake, S., Hayashi, K., Milloy, M-J., Wood, E., Dong, H., Montaner, j., & Kerr, T. (2015). Associations between childhood trauma and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.014
Lisak, D. & Beszterczey, S. (2007). The Cycle of Violence: The Life Histories of 43 Death Row Inmates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(2), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.8.2.118
Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Perrine, N., Derker, L. , & Kelley, M. L. (2007). Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 37(8), 1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170700027X
Marotta, P. L. (2017). Childhood Adversities and Substance Misuse Among the Incarcerated: Implications for Treatment and Practice in Correctional Settings. Substance Use & Misuse, 52(6), 717-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1261899
Maughan, A. & Cicchetti, D. (2002). Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children’s emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment. Child Development, 73(5), 1525-1542. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00488
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2013). Impacts of adverse childhood experiences on health, mental health, and substance use in early adulthood: A cohort study of an urban, minority sample in the U.S. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(11), 917-925. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.011
Meydan, H. N. (2019). Gümüşhane E tipi açık ve kapalı ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan erkek hükümlülerin depresyon düzeyleri ve saldırgan davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (unpublished master thesis, yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). T.C. Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Peraza, N., Smit, T., Garey, L., Manning, K., Buckner, J. D. , & Zvolensky, M. J. (2019). Distress tolerance and cessation-related cannabis processes: The role of cannabis use coping motives. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.047.
Reddy, M. K., Pickett, S. M. , & Orcutt, H. K. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in college students. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(1). doi:10.1300/J135v06n01_04.
Rich, S. L., Wilson, J. K., & Robertson, A. A. (2017). The impact of trauma on alcohol and drug use: A study of high-risk incarcerated girls. Journal of Child and Adolescence Substance Abuse, 25(3), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2015.1007197
Roberts, A., Yang, M., Zhang, T., & Coid, J. (2008). Personality disorder, temperament, and childhood adversity: Findings from a cohort of prisoners in England and Wales. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 19(4), 460–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940801936597
Ross, J., Waterhouse-Bradley, B, Contractor, A. A:, & Armour, C. (2018). Typologies of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to incarceration in U.S. military veterans. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.023
Sakelliadis, E. I., Papadodima, S. A., Sergentanis, T. N., Giotakos, O., & Spiliopoulou, C. A. (2010). Self-injurious behavior among Greek male prisoners: Prevalence and risk factors. European Psychiatry, 25, 151–158. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.014.
Sansone, R. A., Gaither, G. A., Songer, D. A. , & Allen, J. L. (2005). Multiple psychiatric diagnosis and self-harm behavior. International Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Practice, 9(1), 41-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13651500510018293.
Scott, R. M, Hides, L., Allen, J. S. , & Lubman, D. I. (2013). Coping style and ecstasy use motives as predictors of current mood symptoms in ecstast users. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 2465-2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.05.005.
Sheffler, J. L., Piazza, J. R., Quinn, J. M., Sachs-Ericsson, N. J. , & Stanley, I. H. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and coping strategies: identifying pathways to resiliency in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 32(5), 594-609, DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1638699.
Skarupski, K. A., Parisi, J. M., Thorpe, R., Tanner, E., & Gross, D. (2016). The association of adverse childhood experiences with mid-life depressive symptoms and quality of life among incarcerated males: exploring multiple mediation. Aging & Mental Health, 20(6), 655-666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1033681
Şahin, N. H. & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Inventory): Türk gençleri için uyarlaması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, Ankara, 31, 44-56.
Şimşek, İ. (2018). Yaşanan travmatik olaya bağlı alkol/madde kullanımı olan tutuklu/hükümlü bireylerde travma sonrası stres belirtileri ile travma sonrası bilişlerin incelenmesi (unpublished master thesis, yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). T.C. Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Taşören, A. B. (2018). Drug use and self-harming behavior among incarcerated men: does childhood abuse, anger, and executive function make a difference? Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(9), 1006-1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1346028
Verdolini, N., et al. (2017). The aggressor at the mirror: psychiatric correlates of deliberate self-harm in male prison inmates. European Psychiatry, 44, 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.04.002
Völlm, B. A. & Dolan, M. C. (2009). Self-harm among UK female prisoners: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20(5), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940903174030.
Yüksel, M. & Çifçi, E. G. (2017). Yetişkin hükümlülerin çocukluk çağı travma düzeyinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (A study of childhood trauma in convicted adults). Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 30, 57-86.
Walker, A. (2002). Dissociation in Incarcerated Juvenile Male Offenders — A Pilot Study in Australia. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 9(1), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2002.9.1.56
Warm, A., Murray, C., & Fox, J. (2009). Who helps? Supporting people who self-harm. Journal of Mental Health, 11(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/096382301200041533
Wingo, A., P., Baldessarini, R. J. , & Windle, M. (2015). Coping styles: Longitudinal development from ages 17 to 33 and associations with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 299-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.021
Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Child abuse: Implications for child development and psychopathology. California, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Wolff, N. , & Shi, J. (2012). Childhood and Adult Trauma Experiences of Incarcerated Persons and Their Relationship to Adult Behavioral Health Problems and Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 9(5), 1908-1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9051908
Wong, C. F., Silva, K., Kecojevic, A., Schrager, S. M., Bloom, J. J., Iverson, E., & Lankenau, S. E. (2013). Coping and emotion regulation profiles as predictors of nonmedical prescription drug and illicit drug use among high-risk young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.024
Wu, N, Schairer, L. C., Dellor, E., & Grella, C. (2010). Childhood trauma and health outcomes in adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.003
Yüksel, M. & Çifci, E. G. (2017). Yetişkin hükümlülerin çocukluk çağı travma düzeyinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 0(30), 57-85.
Taşören AB, Gül İŞ. The Role of Childhood Abuse and Psychological Symptoms in Discriminating Frequency of Drug Use and Self-Harm in Incarcerated Men Convicted of Robbery. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Aralık 2022;14(Ek 1):83-91. doi:10.18863/pgy.1083683