Tanılar Üstü Yaklaşım ve Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 307 - 322, 30.06.2023

Emre Özdemir , A. Bikem Hacıömeroğlu

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1110989

Cited By: 1

Öz

Psikiyatrik bozuklukların açıklanmasında geleneksel psikiyatrik nozolojinin kategorik yaklaşımı uzunca bir süredir hakim yaklaşım olmuş ve bozukluklar belirtilere dayalı tanı kategorileriyle tanımlanmıştır. Ancak son yıllarda geleneksel tanı sınırlarının ötesine uzanan yeni sınıflandırma sistemi olan "transdiagnostic" yani “tanılar üstü” yaklaşımın önemi giderek artmaktadır. Yaklaşım, psikopatolojileri gözlemlenebilir belirtilere göre sınıflandıran kategorik yaklaşımdan uzaklaşıp boyutsal olarak pek çok psikopatolojinin altında yatan ortak bilişsel, davranışsal, kişilerarası ve biyolojik süreçlerin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Belirtilerin ötesinde bozuklukların altında yatan ortak süreçler ve risk faktörleri üzerinden tedavi etmeyi böylelikle heterojen ve eştanı belirtileri daha iyi ele alabilmeyi ve tedavi sırasında değişebilen tanı kategorilerinden uzak kalmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu derleme makalesi ile sınıflandırmaya dayalı tanı konmasındaki mevcut sorunların ne olduğu ve alandaki boşluklar incelenmiş, yaklaşımın kendisi bir çözüm önerisi olarak sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda psikiyatrik bozukluklar için yeni bir sınıflandırma sistemi girişimi olan RDoC (Research Domain Criteria - Araştırma Alanı Ölçütleri); genetik, sinirbilim ve davranış bilimlerindeki modern araştırma yaklaşımlarını kullanarak yeni yapı ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada tanılar üstü yaklaşımın tanımı ve ortaya çıkışı, tanılar üstü yaklaşım bağlamında obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ve RDoC, tanılar üstü tedavi yaklaşımı aktarılmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasının tanılar üstü yaklaşım çerçevesinde hem temel psikopatoloji araştırmalarında hem de tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesinde kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tanılar üstü yaklaşım, RDoC, eştanı, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk

Transdiagnostic Approach and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Öz

The categorical approach of traditional psychiatric nosology has been a forceful approach for a very long time for explaining psychological disorders which are defined by symptom based diagnostic categories. However, in recent years, the importance of the "transdiagnostic" approach which is a new classification system is increasing. The transdiagnostic approach aims to examine dimensionally the common cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal and biological processes underlying many psychopathologies away from the categorical approach that classifies psychopathologies according to observable symptoms. This approach intends to treat the disorders through the common underlying processes and risk factors, thus heterogeneous and comorbid symptoms are better addressed and diagnostic categories that may change during treatment are avoided. In this review study, the current problems in diagnosing based on classification and gaps in the field were examined, and the approach itself was proposed as a solution. RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) which is a new classification system for psychiatric disorders within the scope of the approach, has created a new structure using modern research approaches in genetics, neuroscience and behavioral sciences. In the present study, the definition and emergence of the transdiagnostic approach, obsessive compulsive disorder and RDoC in the context of transdiagnostic approach and transdiagnostic treatment are explained. This review is intended to be a resource for both basic psychopathology research and the development of treatment methods within the framework of a transdiagnostic approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transdiagnostic approach, RDoC, comorbidity, obsessive compulsive disorder

Kaynakça

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