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Gelişimsel Psikopatoloji Çerçevesinden Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Risk Faktörleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 257 - 274, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1118163

Öz

Depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları kişilerin hayatını birçok açıdan olumsuz etkileyen en yaygın görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklardandır. Eş tanılanma oranının fazla olduğu bu bozuklukların nasıl geliştiğini ve sürdüğünü derinlemesine incelemek ve anlamak, önleme, müdahale ve tedavi çalışmalarına rehberlik etmektedir. Duygusal bozukluklar olarak anılan depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının altında ortak bazı yatkınlık faktörlerinin yattığı düşünülmektedir. Gelişimsel psikopatoloji bu yatkınlık ve risk faktörlerini yaşam boyu bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasının amacı gelişimsel psikopatoloji bakış açısıyla depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini incelemektir. Çalışmada risk faktörleri olarak genetik ve biyolojik faktörler, mizaç, çocukluk dönemi olumsuz yaşantıları, olumsuz aile ve akran ilişkileri ve bazı bilişsel ve duygusal faktörler ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu risk faktörlerinin depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarına nasıl zemin hazırladığı tartışılmıştır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışması, duygusal bozuklukların altında tanılar üstü bazı ortak risk faktörlerinin yattığını vurgulamakta, depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının gelişimsel yollarını anlamak için gelişimsel psikopatoloji perspektifinin önemine işaret etmektedir.

Kaynakça

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Risk Factors in Depression and Anxiety Disorders from the Framework of Developmental Psychopathology

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 257 - 274, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1118163

Öz

Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that negatively affect individuals’ life in many ways. Understanding how these highly comorbid emotional disorders develop and persist might guide prevention, intervention, and treatment studies. Some common vulnerability factors underlie depression and anxiety disorders. Developmental psychopathology deals with these vulnerabilities and risk factors from a lifetime perspective. The aim of this review is to present the risk factors associated with depression and anxiety from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. For this purpose, we discussed genetic and biological factors, temperament, negative childhood experiences, family and peer relationships, and some cognitive and emotional factors as risk factors. Also, we discussed how these risk factors lead to depression and anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes that some common transdiagnostic risk factors underlie emotional disorders and highlights the importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective to understand the developmental pathways of depression and anxiety disorders.

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  • Wang J, Sun W, Tang X, Xu L, Wei Y, Cui H et al. (2019) Transdiagnostic dimensions towards personality pathology and childhood traumatic experience in a clinical sample: subtype classification by a cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep, 9:1-10.
  • Watson D, Gamez W, Simms LJ (2005) Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: a symptom-based perspective. J Res Pers, 39:46-66.
  • Wautier G, Balter Blume L (2004) The effects of ego identity, gender role, and attachment on depression and anxiety in young adults. Identity: An International Journal of Theory And Research, 4:59-76.
  • Wells A (1995) Meta-cognition and worry: a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother, 23:301-320.
  • Widom CS, DuMont K, Czaja SJ (2007) A prospective investigation of major depressive disorder and comorbidity in abused and neglected children grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64:49-56.
  • Winding TN, Skouenborg LA, Mortensen VL, Andersen JH (2020) Is bullying in adolescence associated with the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood?: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Psychol, 8:1-9.
  • Xia J, He O, Li Y, Xie D, Zhu S, Chen J et al. (2011) The relationship between neuroticism, major depressive disorder and comorbid disorders in Chinese women. J Affect Disord, 135:100-105.
  • Yalçın H, Özdemir E (2021) Anne-baba tutumlarının ergenlerdeki depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerine etkisi. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7:229-248.
  • Yeh CJ, Liao HY, Ma PWW, Shea M, Okubo Y, Kim AB et al. (2014) Ecological risk and protective factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among low-income, Chinese immigrant youth. Asian Am J Psychol, 5:190-199.
  • Young CC, Dietrich MS (2015) Stressful life events, worry, and rumination predict depressive and anxiety symptoms in young adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 28:35-42.
  • Young EA, Abelson JL, Curtis GC, Nesse RM (1997) Childhood adversity and vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety, 5:66-72.
  • Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME (2003). Schema Therapy. New York: Guilford, 254.
  • Zeman J, Suveg C, West K (2019) Developmental psychopathology: Basic principles. In Psychopathology: Foundations for A Contemporary Understanding (Eds J Maddux, B Winstead):18-26, 5th ed. New York, Taylor & Francis.
  • Zheng L, Luo Y, Chen X (2020) Different effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis. J Soc Pers Relat, 37:3028-3050.
Toplam 153 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikiyatri, Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ceren Gökdağ 0000-0002-9111-2811

Rukiye Kızıltepe 0000-0001-8076-3419

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Gökdağ C, Kızıltepe R. Risk Factors in Depression and Anxiety Disorders from the Framework of Developmental Psychopathology. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Haziran 2023;15(2):257-274. doi:10.18863/pgy.1118163

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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.