Derleme
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Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Ele Alırken Karşılaşılan Tedavi Konuları: Bir Derleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 534 - 547, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1181095

Öz

Çocuk cinsel istismarı birçok toplumda görülen sosyal, psikolojik, politik ve kültürel boyutları olan travmatik bir yaşam olayıdır. Cinsel istismara uğrayan çocuklar yaşamları boyunca davranışsal, duygusal, bilişsel ve fiziksel sağlık sorunları geliştirme riski altındadır ve mevcut durumları yoksulluk gibi diğer risk faktörleriyle birleştiğinde özellikle savunmasızdırlar. İlgili literatürde, bu çocukların psikolojik sorun yaşama riskinin daha yüksek olduğu ve mağdurların tedaviye ihtiyaç duyduğu bildirilmektedir. Psikoterapötik tedavilerin, mağdurların fiziksel ve duygusal güvenliğini sağlamak, travma semptomlarını hafifletmeye yardımcı olmak, yaşam kalitesini ve işleyişini iyileştirmek ve istismarın tekrarını önlemek de dahil olmak üzere yararlı etkileri olduğuna dair kanıtlar vardır. Bu derlemede, cinsel istismara uğrayan çocuklar için en yaygın tedavi konularından bazıları sunulmuştur. Ele alınan tedavi konularının uygunluğu her mağdur için farklılık gösterebilir. Bu tedavi konuları ve önerilen müdahaleler sadece meydana gelebilecek zararları gidermek için değil, aynı zamanda çocuk istismarı deneyimlerinin olumsuz sonuçlarını en aza indirmek ve gelecekte kötü muamelenin tekrarlanmasını önlemek için tasarlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adli Destek ve Mağdur Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı (2021) Mağdura Yaklaşım Kılavuzu. Ankara, Adli Destek ve Mağdur Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı.
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  • Alix S, Cossette L, Cyr M, Frappier JY, Caron PO, Hébert M (2020) Self-blame, shame, avoidance, and suicidal ideation in sexually abused adolescent girls: A longitudinal study. J Child Sex Abus, 29:432–447.
  • Allen B, Berliner L (2015) Evidence-informed, individual treatment of a child with sexual behavior problems: A case study. Arch Sex Behav, 44:2323-2331.
  • Alley D, Chae Y, Cordon I, Kalomiris A, Goodman GS (2015) Child maltreatment and autobiographical memory development: Emotion regulation and trauma-related psychopathology. In Clinical Perspectives On Autobiographical Memory (Eds LA Watson, D Bernsten):85–106). New York, NY, Cambridge University Press.
  • Altan-Aytun Ö (2019) Kendine zarar verme davranışı: Özellikleri, işlevleri ve travmatik yaşantılar, çocukluk örselenmeleri, kişilik özellikleri ve baş etme tutumlarının rolü. Doktora tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
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  • Brett EA, Ostroff R (1985) Imagery and post-traumatic stress disorder: An overview. Am J Psychiatry, 142:417-424.
  • Bülbül K, Çakıcı AB, Türkkan T (2019) Sınıf öğretmenlerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik bilgi ve risk tanıma düzeylerinin incelenmesi . Türkiye Eğitim Dergisi, 4:127-144 .
  • Bulut S, Karaman HB (2018) Engelli bireylerin cinsel, fiziksel ve duygusal istismarı. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 19:277-301.
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Treatment Issues While Addressing Child Sexual Abuse: A Review

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 534 - 547, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1181095

Öz

Child sexual abuse is a traumatic life event that has social, psychological, political and cultural dimensions which is observed in many societies. Sexual abused children are at risk of developing behavioral, emotional, cognitive and physical health problems throughout their lives, and are especially vulnerable when their current condition is combined with other risk factors, such as poverty. In the relevant literature, it is reported that these children have a greater risk of having psychological problems and require treatment. There is evidence that psychotherapeutic treatments have beneficial effects, including ensuring the physical and emotional safety of victims, helping to relieve trauma symptoms, improving quality and functioning of life, and preventing recurrence of abuse. In this review, some of the most common treatment issues for sexual abused children are presented. The appropriateness of the treatment issues and proposed interventions addressed may vary for each victim. These treatment issues and interventions are designed not only to remedy any harm that may have occurred, but also to minimize the negative consequences of experiences of child abuse and prevent future recurrence of maltreatment.

Kaynakça

  • Adli Destek ve Mağdur Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı (2021) Mağdura Yaklaşım Kılavuzu. Ankara, Adli Destek ve Mağdur Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı.
  • Afifi TO, MacMillan HL, Boyle M, Taillieu T, Cheung K, Sareen J (2014) Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada. Can Med Assoc J, 186:E324–E332.
  • Alix S, Cossette L, Cyr M, Frappier JY, Caron PO, Hébert M (2020) Self-blame, shame, avoidance, and suicidal ideation in sexually abused adolescent girls: A longitudinal study. J Child Sex Abus, 29:432–447.
  • Allen B, Berliner L (2015) Evidence-informed, individual treatment of a child with sexual behavior problems: A case study. Arch Sex Behav, 44:2323-2331.
  • Alley D, Chae Y, Cordon I, Kalomiris A, Goodman GS (2015) Child maltreatment and autobiographical memory development: Emotion regulation and trauma-related psychopathology. In Clinical Perspectives On Autobiographical Memory (Eds LA Watson, D Bernsten):85–106). New York, NY, Cambridge University Press.
  • Altan-Aytun Ö (2019) Kendine zarar verme davranışı: Özellikleri, işlevleri ve travmatik yaşantılar, çocukluk örselenmeleri, kişilik özellikleri ve baş etme tutumlarının rolü. Doktora tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Anda R, Tietjen G, Schulman E, Felittei V, Croft J (2010) Adverse childhood experiences and frequent headaches in adults. Headache, 50:1473–1481.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Aytan-Erdoğan Ş (2010) Travma yaşantısı olan üniversite öğrencilerinin baş etme becerilerini geliştirmede psikodramanın etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Barlow DH, Raffa SD, Cohen EM (2002). Psychosocial treatments for panic disorders, phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder. In A Guide To Treatments That Work (Eds PE Nathan, JM Gorman):301–335. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Barut B (2021) Cinsel istismar mağdurlarına yaklaşım ve terapötik süreç. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14:602-615.
  • Bernier MJ, Hebert M, Collin-Vezina D (2013) Dissociative symptoms over a year in a sample of sexually abused children. J Trauma Dissociation, 14:455–472.
  • Bowlby J (1982) Attchment and loss: Retrospect and prospect, Am J Orthopsychiatry, 52:578-751.
  • Brand BL, Lanius R, Vermetten E, Loewenstein RJ, Spiegel D (2012) Where are we going? An update on assessment, treatment, and neurobiological research in dissociative disorders as we move toward the DSM-5. J Trauma Dissociation, 13:9–31.
  • Brett EA, Ostroff R (1985) Imagery and post-traumatic stress disorder: An overview. Am J Psychiatry, 142:417-424.
  • Bülbül K, Çakıcı AB, Türkkan T (2019) Sınıf öğretmenlerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik bilgi ve risk tanıma düzeylerinin incelenmesi . Türkiye Eğitim Dergisi, 4:127-144 .
  • Bulut S, Karaman HB (2018) Engelli bireylerin cinsel, fiziksel ve duygusal istismarı. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 19:277-301.
  • Butler AC (2013) Child sexual assault: Risk factors for girls. Child Abuse Negl, 37:643– 652.
  • Capella C, Lama X, Rodríguez L, Águila D, Beiza G, Dussert D et al. (2016) Winning a race: Narratives of healing and psychotherapy in children and adolescents who have been sexually abused. J Child Sex Abus, 25:73–92.
  • Cardena E, Carlson E (2011) Acute stress disorder revisited. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 7:245–267.
  • Carr A (2018) Family therapy and systemic interventions for child-focused problems: The current evidence base. J Fam Ther, 41:153-213.
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  • Chang C, Kaczkurkin AN, McLean CP, Foa EB (2018). Emotion regulation is associated with PTSD and depression among female adolescent survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychol Trauma, 10:319–326.
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Toplam 111 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Hatice Odacı 0000-0002-2080-6269

Tuğba Türkkan 0000-0002-3955-6597

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 13 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Odacı H, Türkkan T. Treatment Issues While Addressing Child Sexual Abuse: A Review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2023;15(3):534-547. doi:10.18863/pgy.1181095

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