Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar İçin Uygulamalı Davranış Analizinde Yaklaşımlar ve Stratejiler

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 347 - 357, 30.06.2024

Ayşe Tuna

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1315911

Cited By: 1

Öz

Uygulamalı davranış analizinin temel hedefi, olumlu ve faydalı davranışları artırmak, öğrenmeyi olumsuz etkileyen veya zararlı davranışları azaltmaktır. Davranış analizi onlarca yıldır araştırılmış ve kullanılmıştır ve yöntemlerinin birçok türden öğrencinin farklı beceriler kazanmasına yardımcı olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Terapistler, otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve diğer ilgili gelişimsel bozuklukları olan çocuklara yardımcı olmak için uzun süredir uygulamalı davranış analizi kullanmaktadır. Uygulamalı davranış analizi, her çocuğun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde uyarlanabilir ve ayrıca okul, ev ve toplum gibi farklı ortamlarda da sağlanabilir. Bire bir öğretimi veya grup öğretimini içerebilir ve günlük yaşamda yararlı olan becerileri öğretmede etkilidir. Bu makalede, öncelikle otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklara uygulamalı davranış analizi uygulamak için kullanılan yaklaşımlar ve stratejiler sunulmaktadır. Daha sonra bunlarla ilgili zorluklar ve ortaya çıkan fırsatlar ve uygulamalı davranış analizine hizmet eden yazılım uygulamaları gözden geçirilmektedir. Son olarak, gelecekteki araştırma yönleri ortaya konmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

otizm spektrum bozukluğu, uygulamalı davranış analizi, yazılım uygulamaları

Approaches and Strategies in Applied Behavior Analysis for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Öz

The main goal of applied behaviour analysis is to increase behaviours that are positive and helpful and decrease behaviours that affect learning negatively or are harmful. Behaviour analysis has been studied and used for decades and it has been shown that its methods can help many kinds of learners gain different skills. Therapists have been using applied behaviour analysis to help children with autism spectrum disorder and other related developmental disorders for a long time. Applied behaviour analysis can be adapted to meet the needs of each child and also be provided in different environments like school, home, and community. It can involve one-to-one teaching or group instruction and is effective at teaching skills useful in everyday life. In this paper, firstly approaches and strategies used to implement applied behaviour analysis on children with autism spectrum disorder are presented. Then, challenges related to these and emerging opportunities and software applications serving for applied behaviour analysis are reviewed. Finally, future research directions are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

autism spectrum disorder, applied behaviour analysis, software applications

Kaynakça

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