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Effects of Social Support on the Mental Health of Incarcerated Individuals

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 333 - 346
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1505020

Öz

The conceptualization and measurement of social support are challenging mostly due to the scope and multi-dimensionality of the construct. Despite this hardship, it is deemed an important field of research in response to its positive psychological outcomes and success in the prevention and alleviation of the negative impact of challenging life conditions. As harborers of such conditions, prisons add to the need for social support while limiting social support by their very definition. Balancing this conundrum, or at least reducing the impact of the negative conditions of prisons, is of utmost importance to protect, improve, and maintain the mental health of incarcerated individuals who are already at a disadvantage in terms of their mental health. Efforts in pursuit of such a goal may contribute to the mitigation of the negative effects of criminal behaviors on both the individual and society. Thus, this paper reviews research on the relationship between social support and the mental health of incarcerated individuals to further the current discourse and contribute to future research and interventions. To achieve this, different views on the definition and conceptualization of social support were analyzed to light the way for the approaches that might be adopted in future research, followed by the gathering of research on the relationship between mental health and social support. Then, the manifestation of this relationship in traumatic experiences was discussed followed by digging deeper into its implication in incarceration. Finally, suggestions were offered to obtain positive outcomes both for individuals and for society.

Kaynakça

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Sosyal Desteğin Mahkûmların Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 333 - 346
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1505020

Öz

Sosyal destek, çok boyutlu ve kapsamlı yapısından da kaynaklı olarak, tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi güç bir kavramdır. Sosyal desteğin ele alınması, özellikle kavramsallaştırılmasındaki güçlükler nedeniyle oldukça zorlu olabilir. Ancak, yine de olumlu psikolojik çıktıları ve olumsuz koşulların etkilerini önleme ve azaltmadaki başarısından dolayı, önemli bir araştırma alanı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Stresli durumları yoğun olarak barındıran cezaevi deneyimi, bu koşullarda sosyal desteğe duyulan artmış ihtiyaca karşın, doğası gereği, sosyal desteği kısıtlayıcı özelliklere sahiptir. Bu ikilemin dengelenmesi, en azından olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması, ruh sağlığı problemleri açısından dezavantajlı konumda olan mahkûmların ruh sağlığını koruma, iyileştirme ve sürdürme açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu amaca yönelik çabalar, suç davranışının, birey ve toplum bazında yarattığı olumsuz yaşantıları hafifletmekte olumlu etkide bulunabilir. Yukarıdaki kabullerden de hareketle, bu çalışmada, sosyal destek ve mahkûm ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi detaylı bir şekilde incelemek ve geliştirilecek araştırma ve müdahalelere katkıda bulunmak amacıyla konu ile ilişkili araştırmalar derlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışma ile sosyal desteğin tanımlanmasına ve kavramsallaştırılmasına yönelik görüşler analiz edilmiş, böylece araştırmalarda sosyal desteğin ele alınışına ışık tutulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaca hizmet etmek üzere, sosyal desteğin ruh sağlığı ile ilişkisine dair örnekler verilmiştir. Bunu takiben söz konusu ilişkinin travmatik yaşantılar özelinde nasıl vücut bulduğu tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışma, travmatik yaşantılar barındıran mahkûmiyet hâli özelinde sürdürülmüştür. Değerlendirmeler ışığında, bireysel ve toplumsal boyutta olumlu çıktılar elde etmeye yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen TS (2018) Social support and one-year outcomes for women participating in prison-based substance abuse treatment programming. Crim Justice Stud, 31:80–94.
  • Acoba EF (2024) Social support and mental health: the mediating role of perceived stress. Front. Psychol, 15:1330720.
  • Anestis MD, Capron DW (2016) An investigation of persistence through pain and distress as an amplifier of the relationship between suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. J Affect Disord, 196:78-82.
  • Arditti JA (2005) Families and incarceration: An ecological approach. Fam Soc, 86:251–260.
  • Arditti JA (2012) Parental Incarceration and the Family: Psychological and Social Effects of Imprisonment on Children Parents and Caregivers. New York, NYU Press.
  • Arıkan D, Kahriman İ (2002) Yenidoğan bebeği olan primipar annelerin ailelerinden algıladıkları desteğin sorun çözme becerilerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 5:60-67.
  • Asberg K, Renk K (2013) Comparing incarcerated and college student women with histories of childhood sexual abuse: the roles of abuse severity support and substance use. Psychol Trauma, 5:167–175.
  • Aslan A, Arıcak OT, Karadaşlı B (2019) Madde kullanan hükümlü bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20:1-11.
  • Aydın İ (2010) Cezaevi hükümlülerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve ruhsal belirti düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, Maltepe Üniversitesi.
  • Barrera Jr M (1986) Distinctions between social support concepts measures and models. Am J Community Psychol, 14:413-445.
  • Beckmeyer JJ, Arditti JA (2014) Implications of in-person visits for incarcerated parents’ family relationships and parenting experience. J Offender Rehabil, 53:129-151.
  • Berkman LF (1984) Assessing the physical health effects of social networks and social support. Annu Rev Public Health, 5:413-432.
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  • Listwan SJ, Colvin M, Hanley D, Flannery D (2010) Victimization, social support, and psychological well-being: A study of recently released prisoners. Crim Justice Behav, 37:1140-1159.
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  • Marzano L, Hawton K, Rivlin A, Fazel S (2011) Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners. Soc Sci Med, 72:874-883.
  • Marzano L, Hawton K, Rivlin A, Smith EN, Piper M, Fazel S (2016) Prevention of suicidal behavior in prisons. Crisis, 37:323-334.
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  • Meyers TJ, Wright KA, Young JTN, Tasca M (2017) Social support from outside the walls: Examining the role of relationship dynamics among inmates and visitors. J Crim Justice, 52:57-67.
  • Mitchell MM, Spooner K, Jia D, Zhang Y (2016) The effect of prison visitation on reentry success: A meta-analysis. J Crim Justice, 47:74–83.
  • Moore KE, Siebert S, Brown G, Felton J, Johnson JE (2021) Stressful life events among incarcerated women and men: Association with depression, loneliness, hopelessness, and suicidality. Health Justice, 9:22.
  • Moos R, Lemke S (1992) Sheltered care environment scale side of social support. Western Journal of Nursing Research Manual, 9:9-18.
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  • Muñoz-Laboy M, Severson N, Perry A, Guilamo-Ramos V (2014) Differential impact of types of social support in the mental health of formerly incarcerated Latino men. Am J Mens Health, 8:226-239.
  • Oral SO (2015) Mahkumların algıladıkları ebeveyn tutumları ile algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, Haliç Üniversitesi.
  • Özkürkçügil AÇ (1998) Cezaevinde yalnızlık ve yalnızlığın depresyonla ilişkisi. Kriz Dergisi, 6: 21-31
  • Pearlin LI (1989) The sociological study of stress. J Health Soc Behav, 30:241-256.
  • Pleggenkuhle B, Huebner BM, Summers M (2018) Opting out: the role of identity capital and agency in prison visitation. Justice Q, 35:726-749.
  • Poehlmann J (2005) Incarcerated mothers' contact with children, perceived family relationships,
  • and depressive symptoms. J Fam Psychol, 19:350–357.
  • Pratt D, Foster E (2020) Feeling hopeful: can hope and social support protect prisoners from suicide ideation? J Forensic Psychol Res Pract, 31:311-330.
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  • Procidano ME, Heller K (1983) Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: three validation studies. Am J Community Psychol, 11:1-24.
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  • Richie F, Bonner J, Wittenborn A, Weinstock LM, Zlotnick C, Johnson J (2019) Social support and suicidal ideation among prisoners with major depressive disorder. Arch Suicide Res, 25:1-8.
  • Rivlin A, Hawton K, Marzano L, Fazel S (2013) Psychological characteristics and social networks of suicidal prisoners: towards a model of suicidal behaviour in detention. PLoS One, 8:e68944.
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  • Skowroński B, Talik E (2020) Resilience and quality of life among people serving prison sentences in penitentiary institutions: The mediating role of social support. International Journal of Social Research, 4:44.
  • Skowroński B, Talik E (2021) Quality of life and its correlates in people serving prison sentences in penitentiary institutions. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18:1655.
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  • Vaux A (1988) Social Support: Theory Research and Intervention. Westport, Praeger.
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  • Wellman B (1981) Applying network analysis to the study of support. In Social Networks and Social Support (Ed B Gottlieb): 171–200. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
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  • Wolff N, Shi J, Bachman R (2008) Measuring victimization inside prisons: Questioning the questions. J Interpers Violence, 23:1343-1362.
  • Yee SE (2019) Resilience in formerly incarcerated Black women: race centrality and social support as protective factors (Masters thesis). College Park, University of Maryland.
  • Yıldırım İ (2004) Depresyonun yordayıcısı olarak sınav kaygısı gündelik sıkıntılar ve sosyal destek. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27:241-250.
  • Zheng F, Wu W, Wang L, Ngoubene-Atioky AJ, Chen L (2021) Childhood trauma and suicidal ideation among Chinese female prisoners: the mediating roles of negative emotions and social support. Pers Individ Dif, 168:110405.
Toplam 125 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Zübeyit Gün 0000-0003-2106-1796

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Gün Z. Effects of Social Support on the Mental Health of Incarcerated Individuals. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 17(2):333-346. doi:10.18863/pgy.1505020

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