Individualized Psychotherapy: A Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 382 - 404

Nur Başakhan Uzun , Orçun Yorulmaz

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1518900

Öz

Although clinical psychology practitioners have to tailor their practice to their clients when conducting psychotherapy with clients, there is little empirically supported basis for doing so. For some time now, questions have been asked in clinical psychology about which psychotherapy is effective. These questions have accelerated studies focusing on various psychotherapy approaches that are examined whether they are effective for different psychological disorders. However, it is seen that the client side is missing in these studies. With the emergence of the evidence-based practice approach, an increasing number of studies in recent years have focused on the adaptation of psychotherapy practices according to client characteristics in the context of the "individualized psychotherapy" approach. Although this adaptation starts with pre-treatment decision-making, it also includes the selection and sequencing of techniques and the continuation of adaptations according to changes during the therapy process. In addition, the frequency of sessions in the therapy process, how and when to terminate psychotherapy are also important points in presenting psychotherapy specific to the client. In this literature review, various approaches and methods are presented on how to perform personalization at these important points and suggestions are made for future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychotherapy, Evidence Based Practice, Individualised Psychotherapy

Bireyselleştirilmiş Psikoterapi: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Klinik psikoloji uygulayıcıları, danışanlarla psikoterapi sürecini yürütürken uygulamalarını danışanlarına göre şekillendirmek durumunda kalsa da bunu yapmak için görgül olarak desteklenmiş çok az rehber vardır. Bir süredir klinik psikolojide hangi psikoterapinin etkili olduğuna ilişkin sorular sorulmaktadır. Bu sorular farklı psikolojik bozukluklar için etkili olup olmadığı incelenen çeşitli psikoterapi yaklaşımları odağındaki çalışmaları hızlandırmıştır. Ancak bu çalışmalarda danışan tarafının eksik kaldığı görülmektedir. Kanıta dayalı uygulama yaklaşımının da ortaya çıkmasıyla son yıllarda artan sayıda çalışma “bireyselleştirilmiş psikoterapi” yaklaşımı bağlamında psikoterapi uygulamalarının danışan özelliklerine göre uyarlanmasına odaklanmaktadır. Bu uyarlama, tedavi öncesi karar verme ile başlasa da tekniklerin seçilmesi, sıralanması, terapi süreci boyunca değişikliklere göre uyarlamaların devam etmesini de kapsamaktadır. Ayrıca, terapi sürecinde seansların sıklığı, sonlandırmanın nasıl ve ne zaman yapılacağı da psikoterapinin danışana özgü sunulmasında önemli noktalardır. Bu alan yazın derlemesinde, söz konusu önemli noktalarda kişiselleştirmenin nasıl yapılacağına ilişkin çeşitli yaklaşımlar ve yöntemler sunulmakta ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikoterapi, Kanıta Dayalı Uygulama, Bireyselleştirilmiş-Psikoterapi

Etik Beyan

Makale, etik ilke ve kurallar doğrultusunda hazırlanmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Herhangi bir destek alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

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