Relationship between Attachment Styles and Empathy in Young Adults: Mediating Role of Interpersonal Mindfulness
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: Supplement 1, 241 - 250
Tolga Seki
,
Asiye Bayat
,
Rıza Taha Küçükdere
Öz
Objective: This research was conducted to examine the mediating role of interpersonal mindfulness in the relationship between attachment styles and empathy level in young adults.
Method: The study group consisted of 476 young adults studying at various universities in Turkey who had experience in romantic relationships. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 30 (M=21.00±1.86). Research data were collected using Personal Information Form, Toronto Empathy Scale, Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale, and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised-Short Form.
Results: Significant negative correlations were found between anxious attachment and interpersonal mindfulness (r=-.25) and empathy (r=-.14) scores. Negative correlations were found between avoidant attachment and interpersonal mindfulness (r=-.15) and empathy (r=-.11) scores. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was found between interpersonal mindfulness and empathy (r=.47) scores. According to the results of the mediation analysis, while the direct effect of anxiety and avoidance levels of young adults on empathy was not significant, the indirect effect and total effect were found to be significant.
Conclusion: Anxious and avoidant attachment styles in young adults significantly predicted empathy level and that interpersonal mindfulness mediated this relationship. This result suggests that problems in close relationships may be associated with attachment styles and interpersonal mindfulness.
Kaynakça
-
Adair KC, Boulton AJ, Algoe SB (2018) The effect of mindfulness on relationship satisfaction via perceived responsiveness: Findings from a dyadic study of heterosexual romantic partners. Mindfulness, 9:597-609.
-
Akduman G, Karahan G, Solmaz MS (2018) İletişim becerileri üstünde empati ve psikolojik sağlamlığın etkisi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3:765-775.
-
Aktepe İ, Tolan Ö (2020) Bilinçli farkındalık: Güncel bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12:534-561.
-
Allemand M, Steiger AE, Fend HA (2015) Empathy development in adolescence predicts social competencies in adulthood. J Pers, 83:229-241.
-
Antalyalı ÖL, Özkul AS (2016) The psychometric evaluation of Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised-Short Form (ECR-RS) for administrative and organizational researches. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 5:640-655.
-
Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Strepparava MG (2020) Attachment styles as predictors of self-reported empathy in medical students during pre-clinical years. Patient Educ Couns, 103:965-970.
-
Arnett J (2000) Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol, 55:469-480.
-
Asayesh MH, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Koohestani F, Asadi N (2024) Mediating role of self compassion in relationship between attachment styles and empathy in nurses. BMC Nurs, 23:1-10.
-
Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM (1991) Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. J Pers Soc Psychol, 61:226-244.
-
Birnie K, Speca M, Carlson LE (2010) Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26:359-371.
-
Bowlby J (1982) Bağlanma ve Kayıp: Bağlanma. İstanbul, Kaknüs Yayınları.
-
Bretherton I (1992) The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Dev Psychol, 28:759-775.
-
Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
-
Büyüköztürk Ş, Kılıç Çakmak E, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2018) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
-
Çevik T (2024) Romantik ilişki yaşayan bireylerde bağlanma stili açısından ilişki doyumu ve bilinçli farkındalığın incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türk Kültür Coğrafyasında Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8:327-340.
-
Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş (2016) Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
-
Davis MH (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 44:113-126.
-
Decety J, Cowell JM (2014) The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends Cogn Sci, 18:337-339.
-
Decety J, Cowell JM (2015) Empathy, justice, and moral behavior. AJOB Neurosci, 6:3-14.
-
Decety J, Jackson PL (2004) The functional architecture of human empathy. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, 3:71-100.
-
Dekeyser M, Raes F, Leijssen M, Leysen S, Dewulf D (2008) Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Pers Individ Dif, 44:1235–1245.
-
De Sanctis F, Mesurado B (2023) Attachment style and empathy in late childhood, adolescence, and adulthood: A meta-analytic review. Int J Psychol Res, 15:114-129.
-
Donald JN, Sahdra BK, Van Zanden B, Duineveld J, Atkins P, Marshall SL, Ciarrochi J (2019) Does your mindfulness benefit others? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the link between mindfulness and prosocial behavior. Br J Psychol, 110:101-125.
-
Dökmen Ü (2013) Sanatta ve Günlük Yaşamda İletişim Çatışmaları ve Empati. İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi.
-
Duncan, L. G. (2007) Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (Doctoral thesis). Old Main, The Pennsylvania State University.
-
Erus SM, Deniz ME (2020) Kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık üzerine derleme çalışması. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 13:67-80.
-
Erus SM, Tekel E (2020) Development of interpersonal mindfulness scale-TR (IMS-TR): A Validity and reliability study. European Journal of Educational Research, 9:103-115.
-
Giritli İ (2024) Yetişkin bağlanma stillerinin kişilerarası iletişimdeki rolü üzerine lisansüstü tezlere yönelik bir inceleme. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26:674-689.
-
Hayes AF (2018) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, Guilford Press.
-
Hazan C, Shaver P (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52:511-524.
-
Kabat-Zinn J (2003) Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clin Psychol, 10:144-156.
-
Kaya ÖS, Orçan F (2019) Mutluluğun empati, affetme ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki aracı rolü: bir yol analizi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19:540-554.
-
Karabacak A, Demir M (2017) Özerklik, bağlanma stilleri, bilinçli farkındalık ve duygu düzenleme arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12:271-291.
-
Khodabakhsh M (2012) Attachment styles as predictors of empathy in nursing students. J Med Ethics Hist Med, 5:23908761.
-
Koç B, Terzi Y, Gül A (2015) Üniversite öğrencilerinin iletişim becerileri ile kişilerarası problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 4:369-390.
-
Kural AI, Kovács M (2022) The association between attachment orientations and empathy: The mediation effect of self-concept clarity. Acta Psychol, 229:103695.
-
Lutz A, Jha AP, Dunne JD, Saron CD (2015) Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective. Am Psychol, 70:632-658.
-
Marsh A (2018) The neuroscience of empathy. Curr Opin Behav Sci, 19:110-115.
-
Mesquita B (2001) Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. J Pers Soc Psychol, 80:68-74.
-
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2016) Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York, Guilford Press.
-
Neff KD, Beretvas SN (2013) The role of self-compassion in romantic relationships. Self Identity, 12:78-98.
-
Okan N, Yılmaztürk M, Kürüm B (2020) Bilinçli farkındalık ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide temel empati becerilerinin aracı rol etkisinin incelenmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8:319-335.
-
Pratscher SD, Rose AJ, Markey CN, Bettencourt BA (2018) Interpersonal mindfulness: Investigating mindfulness in interpersonal interactions, co-rumination, and friendship quality. Mindfulness, 9:1206-1215.
-
Pratscher SD, Wood PK, King LA, Bettencourt BA (2019) Interpersonal mindfulness: Scale development and initial construct validation. Mindfulness, 10:1044-1061.
-
Safran JD, Muran JC (2000) Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance: A Relational Treatment Guide. New York: Guilford Press.
-
Siegel DJ (2010) The Mindful Therapist: A Clinician’s Guide to Mindsight and Neural Integration. New York: W. W. Norton Company.
-
Singer T, Lamm C (2009) The social neuroscience of empathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1156:81-96.
-
Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Biegel GM (2007) Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Train Educ Prof Psychol, 1:105-115.
-
Spatz A (2024) Interpersonal mindfulness, empathy, and the potential role of early trauma in medical students: A mixed-methods investigation (Doctoral dissertation). London, University of East London.
-
Spreng RN, Kinnon CM, Mar RA, Levine B (2009) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. J Pers Assess, 91:62-71.
-
Sutton TE (2019) Review of attachment theory: Familial predictors, continuity and change, and intrapersonal and relational outcomes. Marriage Fam Rev, 55:1-22.
-
Sünbül Z (2021) Indirect relations of mindful awareness with different forms of prosocial actions within college students: The mediating role of empathy. Curr Psychol, 40:126-132.
-
Totan, T, Doğan T, Sapmaz F (2012) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Evaluation of psychometric properties among Turkish university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46:179-198.
-
Uzun G, Deniz ME (2021) Investigation of the effectiveness of the mindfulness based group psychological counseling program in couples. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11:419-432.
-
Van der Graaff J, Branje S, De Wied M, Hawk S, Van Lier P, Meeus W (2014) Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Dev Psychol, 50:881-888.
-
Yang F, Ren M, Oshio A (2024) The effect of attachment style on mindfulness: Findings from a weekly diary study using latent growth modeling. Curr Psychol, 43:26395-26402.
-
Yang F, Oshio A (2023) A secure mind is a clear mind: The relationship between attachment security, mindfulness, and self-concept clarity. Curr Psychol, 43:11276-11287.
-
Yan Z, Zhu X, Zhou K, Deng Q, Zeng X (2022) The mediating role of affective empathy in the association between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms in emerging adults. J Adult Dev, 29:279-286.
-
Zaki J (2014) Empathy: A motivated account. Psychol Bull, 140:1608-1647.
Genç Yetişkinlerde Bağlanma Stilleri ile Empati Arasındaki İlişki: Kişilerarası Bilinçli Farkındalığın Aracı Rolü
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: Supplement 1, 241 - 250
Tolga Seki
,
Asiye Bayat
,
Rıza Taha Küçükdere
Öz
Amaç: Bu araştırma, genç yetişkinlerde bağlanma stilleri ile empati düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalığın aracı rolünü incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin çeşitli üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören ve romantik ilişki deneyimi olan 476 genç yetişkin birey oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları, 18-30 yaş aralığında değişmektedir (M=21,00±1,86). Araştırma verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Toronto Empati Ölçeği, Kişilerarası Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri Kısa Formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kaygılı bağlanma ile kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık (r=-,25) ve empati (r=-,14) puanları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Kaçınan bağlanma ile kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık (r=-,15) ve empati (r=-,11) puanları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık ve empati (r=,47) puanları arasında da pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Aracılık analizi sonuçlarına göre genç yetişkinlerin sahip oldukları kaygı ve kaçınma düzeylerinin empati üzerindeki doğrudan etkisi anlamlı değilken dolaylı etkisi ve toplam etkisi anlamlı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Genç yetişkinlerde kaygılı ve kaçınan bağlanma stillerinin empati düzeyinin bir yordayıcısı olduğu ve kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalığın bu ilişkiye aracılık ettiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuç yakın ilişkiler ile ilgili sorunların bağlanma stilleri ve kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık ile ilişkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi’nden 12/05/2025 tarihinde etik kurul onayı (Karar No: 2025/376) alınmıştır. Katılımcıların onamları veri toplamadan önce alınmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Her hangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır.
Kaynakça
-
Adair KC, Boulton AJ, Algoe SB (2018) The effect of mindfulness on relationship satisfaction via perceived responsiveness: Findings from a dyadic study of heterosexual romantic partners. Mindfulness, 9:597-609.
-
Akduman G, Karahan G, Solmaz MS (2018) İletişim becerileri üstünde empati ve psikolojik sağlamlığın etkisi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3:765-775.
-
Aktepe İ, Tolan Ö (2020) Bilinçli farkındalık: Güncel bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12:534-561.
-
Allemand M, Steiger AE, Fend HA (2015) Empathy development in adolescence predicts social competencies in adulthood. J Pers, 83:229-241.
-
Antalyalı ÖL, Özkul AS (2016) The psychometric evaluation of Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised-Short Form (ECR-RS) for administrative and organizational researches. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 5:640-655.
-
Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Strepparava MG (2020) Attachment styles as predictors of self-reported empathy in medical students during pre-clinical years. Patient Educ Couns, 103:965-970.
-
Arnett J (2000) Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol, 55:469-480.
-
Asayesh MH, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Koohestani F, Asadi N (2024) Mediating role of self compassion in relationship between attachment styles and empathy in nurses. BMC Nurs, 23:1-10.
-
Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM (1991) Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. J Pers Soc Psychol, 61:226-244.
-
Birnie K, Speca M, Carlson LE (2010) Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26:359-371.
-
Bowlby J (1982) Bağlanma ve Kayıp: Bağlanma. İstanbul, Kaknüs Yayınları.
-
Bretherton I (1992) The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Dev Psychol, 28:759-775.
-
Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
-
Büyüköztürk Ş, Kılıç Çakmak E, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2018) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
-
Çevik T (2024) Romantik ilişki yaşayan bireylerde bağlanma stili açısından ilişki doyumu ve bilinçli farkındalığın incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türk Kültür Coğrafyasında Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8:327-340.
-
Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş (2016) Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
-
Davis MH (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 44:113-126.
-
Decety J, Cowell JM (2014) The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends Cogn Sci, 18:337-339.
-
Decety J, Cowell JM (2015) Empathy, justice, and moral behavior. AJOB Neurosci, 6:3-14.
-
Decety J, Jackson PL (2004) The functional architecture of human empathy. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, 3:71-100.
-
Dekeyser M, Raes F, Leijssen M, Leysen S, Dewulf D (2008) Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Pers Individ Dif, 44:1235–1245.
-
De Sanctis F, Mesurado B (2023) Attachment style and empathy in late childhood, adolescence, and adulthood: A meta-analytic review. Int J Psychol Res, 15:114-129.
-
Donald JN, Sahdra BK, Van Zanden B, Duineveld J, Atkins P, Marshall SL, Ciarrochi J (2019) Does your mindfulness benefit others? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the link between mindfulness and prosocial behavior. Br J Psychol, 110:101-125.
-
Dökmen Ü (2013) Sanatta ve Günlük Yaşamda İletişim Çatışmaları ve Empati. İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi.
-
Duncan, L. G. (2007) Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (Doctoral thesis). Old Main, The Pennsylvania State University.
-
Erus SM, Deniz ME (2020) Kişilerarası bilinçli farkındalık üzerine derleme çalışması. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 13:67-80.
-
Erus SM, Tekel E (2020) Development of interpersonal mindfulness scale-TR (IMS-TR): A Validity and reliability study. European Journal of Educational Research, 9:103-115.
-
Giritli İ (2024) Yetişkin bağlanma stillerinin kişilerarası iletişimdeki rolü üzerine lisansüstü tezlere yönelik bir inceleme. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26:674-689.
-
Hayes AF (2018) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, Guilford Press.
-
Hazan C, Shaver P (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52:511-524.
-
Kabat-Zinn J (2003) Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clin Psychol, 10:144-156.
-
Kaya ÖS, Orçan F (2019) Mutluluğun empati, affetme ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki aracı rolü: bir yol analizi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19:540-554.
-
Karabacak A, Demir M (2017) Özerklik, bağlanma stilleri, bilinçli farkındalık ve duygu düzenleme arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12:271-291.
-
Khodabakhsh M (2012) Attachment styles as predictors of empathy in nursing students. J Med Ethics Hist Med, 5:23908761.
-
Koç B, Terzi Y, Gül A (2015) Üniversite öğrencilerinin iletişim becerileri ile kişilerarası problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 4:369-390.
-
Kural AI, Kovács M (2022) The association between attachment orientations and empathy: The mediation effect of self-concept clarity. Acta Psychol, 229:103695.
-
Lutz A, Jha AP, Dunne JD, Saron CD (2015) Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective. Am Psychol, 70:632-658.
-
Marsh A (2018) The neuroscience of empathy. Curr Opin Behav Sci, 19:110-115.
-
Mesquita B (2001) Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. J Pers Soc Psychol, 80:68-74.
-
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2016) Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York, Guilford Press.
-
Neff KD, Beretvas SN (2013) The role of self-compassion in romantic relationships. Self Identity, 12:78-98.
-
Okan N, Yılmaztürk M, Kürüm B (2020) Bilinçli farkındalık ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide temel empati becerilerinin aracı rol etkisinin incelenmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8:319-335.
-
Pratscher SD, Rose AJ, Markey CN, Bettencourt BA (2018) Interpersonal mindfulness: Investigating mindfulness in interpersonal interactions, co-rumination, and friendship quality. Mindfulness, 9:1206-1215.
-
Pratscher SD, Wood PK, King LA, Bettencourt BA (2019) Interpersonal mindfulness: Scale development and initial construct validation. Mindfulness, 10:1044-1061.
-
Safran JD, Muran JC (2000) Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance: A Relational Treatment Guide. New York: Guilford Press.
-
Siegel DJ (2010) The Mindful Therapist: A Clinician’s Guide to Mindsight and Neural Integration. New York: W. W. Norton Company.
-
Singer T, Lamm C (2009) The social neuroscience of empathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1156:81-96.
-
Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Biegel GM (2007) Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Train Educ Prof Psychol, 1:105-115.
-
Spatz A (2024) Interpersonal mindfulness, empathy, and the potential role of early trauma in medical students: A mixed-methods investigation (Doctoral dissertation). London, University of East London.
-
Spreng RN, Kinnon CM, Mar RA, Levine B (2009) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. J Pers Assess, 91:62-71.
-
Sutton TE (2019) Review of attachment theory: Familial predictors, continuity and change, and intrapersonal and relational outcomes. Marriage Fam Rev, 55:1-22.
-
Sünbül Z (2021) Indirect relations of mindful awareness with different forms of prosocial actions within college students: The mediating role of empathy. Curr Psychol, 40:126-132.
-
Totan, T, Doğan T, Sapmaz F (2012) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Evaluation of psychometric properties among Turkish university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46:179-198.
-
Uzun G, Deniz ME (2021) Investigation of the effectiveness of the mindfulness based group psychological counseling program in couples. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11:419-432.
-
Van der Graaff J, Branje S, De Wied M, Hawk S, Van Lier P, Meeus W (2014) Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Dev Psychol, 50:881-888.
-
Yang F, Ren M, Oshio A (2024) The effect of attachment style on mindfulness: Findings from a weekly diary study using latent growth modeling. Curr Psychol, 43:26395-26402.
-
Yang F, Oshio A (2023) A secure mind is a clear mind: The relationship between attachment security, mindfulness, and self-concept clarity. Curr Psychol, 43:11276-11287.
-
Yan Z, Zhu X, Zhou K, Deng Q, Zeng X (2022) The mediating role of affective empathy in the association between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms in emerging adults. J Adult Dev, 29:279-286.
-
Zaki J (2014) Empathy: A motivated account. Psychol Bull, 140:1608-1647.