Deprem Sonrası Ergenler Üzerinde Grup Terapisinin Psikososyal Etkileri: Sistematik İnceleme

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 100 - 111

Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk , Onat Yetim , Fatih Bal

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1647450

Öz

Bu çalışma, deprem gibi büyük ölçekli travmatik olayların ardından ergenlere uygulanan grup terapisi müdahalelerinin psikososyal etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 2000 ile 2023 yılları arasında yayınlanan bilimsel makaleler sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. PubMed ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarından erişilen ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan toplam sekiz çalışma incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Uygulanan terapötik müdahaleler, bilişsel davranışçı terapi (CBT), sanat terapisi, Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR), psiko-eğitim ve kum tepsisi terapisi gibi çeşitli yaklaşımları kapsamaktadır. Bulgular, CBT ve EMDR 'nin travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (PTSD) semptomlarını azaltmada en etkili yaklaşımlar olduğunu, sanat terapisi ve kum tepsisi terapisinin ise duygusal ifadeyi ve psikolojik dayanıklılığı kolaylaştırdığını göstermiştir. Bulgular, grup terapisinin, özellikle bilişsel-davranışçı terapi, sanat terapisi ve oyun terapisi yoluyla, travma sonrası yaşanan duygusal ve davranışsal sorunların azaltılmasında önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ancak, grup terapisi müdahalelerinin uzun vadeli etkilerinin daha fazla araştırılması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu sistematik inceleme, deprem sonrası ergenler için grup terapisi müdahalelerinin önemini vurgulamakta ve gelecekteki müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi için rehberlik sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

depremler , ergenler , grup terapisi , psikososyal etkiler , travma sonrası stres bozukluğu

Psychosocial Effects of the Group Therapy on Adolescents after an Earthquake: A Systematic Review

Öz

This study aims to examine the psychosocial effects of group therapy interventions with adolescents following large-scale traumatic events such as earthquakes. A systematic review of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. A total of eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were accessed from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in the review. The therapeutic interventions administered encompassed a range of approaches, including cognitive‒behavioral therapy (CBT), art therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychoeducation, and sand tray therapy. The findings indicated that CBT and EMDR were the most efficacious approaches for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, whereas art therapy and sand tray therapy facilitated emotional expression and psychological resilience. The results suggest that group therapy plays an important role in reducing emotional and behavioral problems experienced after trauma, especially through cognitive‒behavioral therapy, art therapy, and play therapy. However, emphasis is placed on the necessity for further investigation into the long-term effects of group therapy interventions. This systematic review underscores the importance of group therapy interventions for adolescents in the aftermath of earthquakes, offering guidance for the development of future interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

earthquake , Adolescents , Group Therapy , Psychosocial Effects , Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Etik Beyan

Derleme çalışması olduğundan dolayı etik kurul raporuna ihtiyaç bulunmamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Hatay Psikologlar Derneği

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

• Bertinelli L, Mahé C, Strobl E (2023) Earthquakes and mental health. World Dev, 169:106283.
• Briere J, Elliott DM (2000) Prevalence, characteristics, and long-term sequelae of natural disaster exposure in the general population. J Trauma Stress, 13:661-679.
• Calhoun CD, Stone KJ, Cobb AR, Patterson MW, Danielson CK, Bendezú JJ (2022) The role of social support in coping with psychological trauma: An integrated biopsychosocial model for posttraumatic stress recovery. Psychiatr Q, 93:949-970.
• Demirci H, Bilge Y, Emiral E, Şen S (2024) Enhancing recovery in postearthquake adolescents: Examining the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on traumatic stress symptoms and coping strategies. Curr Psychol, 43:26983-26996.
• Ford JD, Fallot RD, Harris M (2009) Group therapy. In Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide. (Eds CA Courtois, JD Ford):415-440. New York, Guilford Press.
• Furr JM, Comer JS, Edmunds JM, Kendall PC (2010) Disasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78:765-780.
• Goenjian AK, Walling D Steinberg AM, Karayan I, Najarian LM, Pynoos RS (2005) A prospective study of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among treated and untreated adolescents 5 years after a catastrophic disaster. Am J Psychiatry, 162:2302-2308.
• Kar N (2009) Psychological impact of disasters on children: Review of assessment and interventions. World J Pediatr, 5:5-11.
• Kirmayer LJ, Kienzler H, Afana AH, Pedersen D (2010) Trauma and disasters in social and cultural context. In Principles of Social Psychiatry. (Eds LJ Kirmayer, R Lemelson, M Barad):155-177. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.
• Kristensen P, Weisæth L, Heir T (2012) Bereavement and mental health after sudden and violent losses: A review. Psychiatry, 75:76-97.
• Layne CM, Saltzman WR, Poppleton L, Burlingame GM., Pašalić A, Duraković E et al. (2008) Effectiveness of a school-based group psychotherapy program for war-exposed adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 47:1048-1062.
• Lee S, Jang M (2020) The effect of group sandplay therapy on psychological health and resilience of adolescent survivors of Nepal earthquake. J Symb Sandplay Ther, 11: 45-78.
• Luthar SS, Prince RP (2006) Developmental psychopathology. In Lewis’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (Ed M Lewis):291-299. Pennsylvania, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Mahmoudi GJ, Mohammadi MR, Yasami MT, Ali RN, Naderi F, Moftakhari O. (2006) The effects of a short-term cognitive behavioral group intervention on Bam earthquake-related PTSD symptoms in adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol, 12:146-154.
• Maleki Avarsin F, Pourhossein R (2016) The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on anxiety and acute stress in adolescents rescued from earthquake in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Eur Online J Nat Soc Sci, 5:966-972.
• Mannarino AP, Cohen JA (2011) Traumatic loss in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Trauma, 4:22-33.
• Margolin G, Ramos MC, Guran EL (2010) Earthquakes and children: The role of psychologists with families and communities. Prof Psychol Res Pr, 41:1-9.
• Maslovaric G, Zaccagnino M, Mezzaluna C, Perilli S., Trivellato D, Longo V et al. (2017) The effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing integrative group protocol with adolescent survivors of the Central Italy earthquake. Front Psychol, 8:1826.
• McNally RJ, Bryant RA, Ehlers A (2003) Does early psychological intervention promote recovery from posttraumatic stress? Psychol Sci Public Interest, 4:45-79.
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Int J Surg, 8:336-341.
• Öztürk E, Akış AD, Derin G, Erdoğan B (2023) Social trauma and disaster psychology: The impact of earthquakes on children’s mental health from the perspective of dissoanalysis theory and modern psychotraumatology. Novel Forensic Research, 2:57-70.
• Pine DS (2003) Developmental psychobiology and response to threats: Relevance to trauma in children and adolescents. Biol Psychiatry, 53:796-808.
• Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, et al. (2021) PRISMA-S: An extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews. Syst Rev, 10:39.
• Saltzman WR, Layne CM, Steinberg AM, Pynoos RS (2018) Trauma/grief-focused group psychotherapy with adolescents. In Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters. (Eds. RJ Ursano, CS Fullerton, AE Norwood):669-729. New York, Routledge.
• Saxe R (2005) Against simulation: The argument from error. Trends Cogn Sci, 9:174-179.
• Schreiber V, Maercker A, Renneberg B (2010) Social influences on mental health help-seeking after interpersonal traumatization: A qualitative analysis. BMC Public Health, 10:634.
• Schwarz ED, Perry BD (1994) Posttraumatic response in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 17:311-326.
• Tanaka E, Iso H, Tsutsumi A, Kameoka S, You Y, Kato H (2020) School-based psychoeducation and storytelling: Associations with long-term mental health in adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 29:e65.
• Warsini S, Mills J, Usher K (2014) Solastalgia: Living with the environmental damage caused by natural disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med, 29:87-90.