Comparative Analysis of General vs. Spinal Anesthesia on Neonatal Outcomes in Cesarean Sections: A Retrospective Study
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1
,
11
-
16
,
31.03.2026
Ahmet Beyazıt
,
Hasan Cem Sevindik
,
Sergen Karaali
,
Kenan Serdar Dolapçıoğlu
,
Oya Soylu Karapınar
,
Arif Güngören
Öz
Objective: This study compared the effects of general and spinal anesthesia on neonatal outcomes, including APGAR scores and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates, in a large series of cesarean deliveries.
Material and Method: A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of patients who underwent cesarean section at a university hospital between January 2010 and December 2024 was conducted. Patients over 18 years of age with live births after 20 weeks of gestation were included. Demographic data, cesarean section number, indication, anesthesia type, and neonatal outcomes (Apgar scores and NICU admission) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0.
Results: A total of 3,876 pregnant women were included in the study. The mean Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly lower in the general anesthesia group compared to the spinal anesthesia group (1st 7.41±1.5/7.55±1.07; 5th 8.53±1.07/8.75±0.84; p<0.001). The NICU admission rate was 26.4% in the general anesthesia group and 22.8% in the spinal anesthesia group (p=0.009). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of NICU admission was 1.214 times higher in the general anesthesia group (OR:1.214; 95% CI:1.049-1.405, p=0.009).
Conclusion: The choice of anesthesia for cesarean section has significant effects on neonatal health. Spinal anesthesia provides superior results in terms of both Apgar scores and NICU admission rates compared to general anesthesia. Based on these results, spinal anesthesia should be the first choice for elective cesarean sections, and even in emergency situations, spinal anesthesia should be preferred when there are no contraindications.
Etik Beyan
The study was approved by the local ethics committee (decision number: 34, date:30.07.2025)
Destekleyen Kurum
The study received no financial support, No conflict of interest was declared by the authors
Kaynakça
-
Ozden MG, Koruk S, Collak Z, Panik N. Comparison of the effects of general and spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery on maternal and fetal outcomes: A retrospective analysis of data. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2023 Sep 1;10(5).
-
Haftacı SM, Haftacı E. Anestezi şeklinin (genel ve lokal), sezaryen sonuçlarına etkisi ve karşılaştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;3(1):26-9.
-
Sak S, Peker N, Uyanıkoğlu H, Binici O, İncebıyık A, erdal Sak M. Elektif sezaryende genel anestezi’mi, spinal anestezi’mi uygulanmalı?. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2018 May 3;49(1):44-8.
-
Iqbal U, Butt IM, Saqib M, Khan MA, Ali M, Sheikh F. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia on Apgar Score of the Neonates Among Patients Enduring Elective Caesarean Section.
-
Khan MN, Zubair HI, Akram SA, Perveen SA, Arooj Fatima M. A comparative study on the effects of spinal versus general anaesthesia on Apgar score of the neonates among patients enduring elective caesarean section. Pakistan J Med Health Sci. 2022;16:526-8.doi:10.53555/977pnq90.
-
Sung TY, Jee YS, You HJ, Cho CK. Comparison of the effect of general and spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section on maternal and fetal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Anesthesia and pain medicine. 2021 Jan 4;16(1):49-55.
-
Algert CS, Bowen JR, Giles WB, Knoblanche GE, Lain SJ, Roberts CL. Regional block versus general anaesthesia for caesarean section and neonatal outcomes: a population-based study. BMC Med. 2009;7:20. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-20.
-
Gwanzura C, Gavi S, Mangiza M, Moyo FV, Lohman MC, Nhemachena T, et al. Effect of anesthesia administration method on apgar scores of infants born to women undergoing elective cesarean section. BMC anesthesiology. 2023 Apr 27;23(1):142.
-
Kayaaltı S. Sezaryende Uygulanan Anestezi Tekniklerinin ve Yenidoğan Apgar Skoru Üzerine Etkili Faktörlerin Retrospektif Analizi: İlçe Devlet Hastanesi Örneği. JARSS. 2020;28(3):194-202.
-
Purtuloğlu T, Özkan S, Teksöz E, Dere K, Şen H, Yen T, et al. Elektif sezaryen uygulanan olgularda genel ve spinal anestezinin maternal ve fetal etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 2008;50(2):91-7.
-
Cocchi E, Pini R, Gallipoli A, Stella M, Antonazzo P, Marchetti F, et al. Impact of general vs. neuraxial anesthesia on neonatal outcomes in non-elective cesarean sections. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2025 Mar 3;13:1518456.
-
Gourevitch RA, Ellicott E, Kim C, Yoder M, Passarella M, Lorch SA, et al. Non-health care costs associated with neonatal intensive care unit visitation. Health Affairs Scholar. 2025 Mar;3(3):qxaf043.
-
Van Wyk L, Majiza AP, Ely CS, Singer LT. Psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-review. Pediatric Research. 2024 Nov;96(6):1510-8..
-
Reynolds F. The effects of maternal labour analgesia on the fetus. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2010 Jun 1;24(3):289-302.
-
Mattingly JE, D’Alessio J, Ramanathan J. Effects of obstetric analgesics and anesthetics on the neonate: a review. Pediatric Drugs. 2003 Sep;5(9):615-27.
-
Garcia K, Julian N, Spiro J, McClung H, Iyer RS. Infant spinal anesthesia: a narrative review. Pediatric Medicine. 2025 Jan 1;8:3.
-
Palanisamy A, Mitani AA, Tsen LC. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery at a tertiary care hospital from 2000 to 2005: a retrospective analysis and 10-year update. International journal of obstetric anesthesia. 2011 Jan 1;20(1):10-6.
-
Russell RB, Green NS, Steiner CA, Meikle S, Howse JL, Poschman K, et al. Cost of hospitalization for preterm and low birth weight infants in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul 1;120(1):e1-9.
-
Flacking R, Lehtonen L, Thomson G, Axelin A, Ahlqvist S, Moran VH, et al. SCENE group. Closeness and separation in neonatal intensive care. Acta paediatrica. 2012 Oct;101(10):1032-7.
Sezaryen Doğumlarda Genel ve Spinal Anestezinin Yenidoğan Sonuçlarına Etkisinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1
,
11
-
16
,
31.03.2026
Ahmet Beyazıt
,
Hasan Cem Sevindik
,
Sergen Karaali
,
Kenan Serdar Dolapçıoğlu
,
Oya Soylu Karapınar
,
Arif Güngören
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, geniş bir sezaryen doğum serisinde, genel ve spinal anestezinin APGAR skorları ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine (YYBÜ) kabul oranları gibi kritik yenidoğan sonuçları üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2010 ile Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde sezaryen doğum gerçekleştirilen hastaların elektronik tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. 18 yaşından büyük ve gebeliğin 20. haftasından sonra canlı doğum yapan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalara ait demografik veriler, sezaryen sayısı, endikasyonu, anestezi tipi ve yenidoğan sonuçları (APGAR skorları ve YYBÜ’ye kabul) kaydedildi. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS versiyon 22.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 3876 gebe dahil edildi. Birinci ve beşinci dakika ortalama APGAR skorları, genel anestezi grubunda spinal anestezi grubuna göre daha düşüktü (1st 7.41±1.5/7.55±1.07; 5th 8.53±1.07/8.75±0.84; p<0.001). YYBÜ’ye kabul oranı, genel anestezi grubunda %26,4, spinal anestezi grubunda %22,8 olarak bulundu (p=0,009). Lojistik regresyon analizinde, genel anestezi grubunda YYBÜ’ye kabul riskinin 1,214 kat daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi (OR:1.214; 95% CI:1.049-1.405, p=0.009).
Sonuç: Sezaryen doğumlarında tercih edilen anestezi yöntemi, yenidoğan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Spinal anestezi hem APGAR skorları hem de YYBÜ’ye kabul oranları açısından genel anesteziye göre daha iyi sonuçlar sağlamaktadır. Bu sonuçlara göre, elektif sezaryenlerde spinal anestezi birinci seçenek olmalı, acil durumlarda da kontrendikasyon olmadığı sürece spinal anestezi tercih edilmelidir.
Etik Beyan
Çalışma, yerel etik kurul tarafından onaylanmıştır (karar numarası: 34, tarih: 30.07.2025)
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışma için herhangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır. Yazarlar çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir
Kaynakça
-
Ozden MG, Koruk S, Collak Z, Panik N. Comparison of the effects of general and spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery on maternal and fetal outcomes: A retrospective analysis of data. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2023 Sep 1;10(5).
-
Haftacı SM, Haftacı E. Anestezi şeklinin (genel ve lokal), sezaryen sonuçlarına etkisi ve karşılaştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;3(1):26-9.
-
Sak S, Peker N, Uyanıkoğlu H, Binici O, İncebıyık A, erdal Sak M. Elektif sezaryende genel anestezi’mi, spinal anestezi’mi uygulanmalı?. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2018 May 3;49(1):44-8.
-
Iqbal U, Butt IM, Saqib M, Khan MA, Ali M, Sheikh F. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia on Apgar Score of the Neonates Among Patients Enduring Elective Caesarean Section.
-
Khan MN, Zubair HI, Akram SA, Perveen SA, Arooj Fatima M. A comparative study on the effects of spinal versus general anaesthesia on Apgar score of the neonates among patients enduring elective caesarean section. Pakistan J Med Health Sci. 2022;16:526-8.doi:10.53555/977pnq90.
-
Sung TY, Jee YS, You HJ, Cho CK. Comparison of the effect of general and spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section on maternal and fetal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Anesthesia and pain medicine. 2021 Jan 4;16(1):49-55.
-
Algert CS, Bowen JR, Giles WB, Knoblanche GE, Lain SJ, Roberts CL. Regional block versus general anaesthesia for caesarean section and neonatal outcomes: a population-based study. BMC Med. 2009;7:20. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-20.
-
Gwanzura C, Gavi S, Mangiza M, Moyo FV, Lohman MC, Nhemachena T, et al. Effect of anesthesia administration method on apgar scores of infants born to women undergoing elective cesarean section. BMC anesthesiology. 2023 Apr 27;23(1):142.
-
Kayaaltı S. Sezaryende Uygulanan Anestezi Tekniklerinin ve Yenidoğan Apgar Skoru Üzerine Etkili Faktörlerin Retrospektif Analizi: İlçe Devlet Hastanesi Örneği. JARSS. 2020;28(3):194-202.
-
Purtuloğlu T, Özkan S, Teksöz E, Dere K, Şen H, Yen T, et al. Elektif sezaryen uygulanan olgularda genel ve spinal anestezinin maternal ve fetal etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 2008;50(2):91-7.
-
Cocchi E, Pini R, Gallipoli A, Stella M, Antonazzo P, Marchetti F, et al. Impact of general vs. neuraxial anesthesia on neonatal outcomes in non-elective cesarean sections. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2025 Mar 3;13:1518456.
-
Gourevitch RA, Ellicott E, Kim C, Yoder M, Passarella M, Lorch SA, et al. Non-health care costs associated with neonatal intensive care unit visitation. Health Affairs Scholar. 2025 Mar;3(3):qxaf043.
-
Van Wyk L, Majiza AP, Ely CS, Singer LT. Psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-review. Pediatric Research. 2024 Nov;96(6):1510-8..
-
Reynolds F. The effects of maternal labour analgesia on the fetus. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2010 Jun 1;24(3):289-302.
-
Mattingly JE, D’Alessio J, Ramanathan J. Effects of obstetric analgesics and anesthetics on the neonate: a review. Pediatric Drugs. 2003 Sep;5(9):615-27.
-
Garcia K, Julian N, Spiro J, McClung H, Iyer RS. Infant spinal anesthesia: a narrative review. Pediatric Medicine. 2025 Jan 1;8:3.
-
Palanisamy A, Mitani AA, Tsen LC. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery at a tertiary care hospital from 2000 to 2005: a retrospective analysis and 10-year update. International journal of obstetric anesthesia. 2011 Jan 1;20(1):10-6.
-
Russell RB, Green NS, Steiner CA, Meikle S, Howse JL, Poschman K, et al. Cost of hospitalization for preterm and low birth weight infants in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul 1;120(1):e1-9.
-
Flacking R, Lehtonen L, Thomson G, Axelin A, Ahlqvist S, Moran VH, et al. SCENE group. Closeness and separation in neonatal intensive care. Acta paediatrica. 2012 Oct;101(10):1032-7.