Araştırma Makalesi
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Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, - , 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.703734

Öz

The child bride problem is an ongoing problem, given all legal measures. It is estimated that every year 12 million girls in the developing world made forcefully married. Some research is already conducted on this important topic. However, none of the research is investigated by the child brides’ perspective. Questions such as what are their reactions, feelings, and thoughts, when they heard their parents’ (elderly’s) choice? What happened emotionally before marriage and after marriage? Are not fulfilled. Our ethnographic research in Turkey shows that people who were married at this early age could not develop physically, emotionally, and spiritually and were left incomplete in all respects in the following years. A deeper problem lies in unworthiness. This feeling even exists for those who run away with their choice. They feel disrespected. They need strong psychological support to overcome these dark emotions for gaining their self-respect along with economic, educational, and legal supports. When a girl victim thinks that she does not deserve and the change cannot occur. The stories of these girls are convincing that child marriage should be prohibited, and communities should be aware of the sharp negative shock on girls to stop this human right violation.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, A. A. & Adekola, P. O. (2017). Health Implication of Child Marriage in North-East Nigeria. Analele Universităţii din Oradea Seria Geografie, 1, 54-61
  • Adhikari, R., K. (2003). Early marriage and childbearing: risks and consequences. In: Bott S, Jejeebhoy S, Shah, Puri C, editors. Towards Adulthood: Exploring the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents in South Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; pp. 62–66.
  • Akin, M.Ş. (2005). Fertility and Education: A Panel Data Analysis for Middle East. Journal of Developing Areas, 21, 2, 45-55.
  • Alan Guttmacher Institute (1998). Into a New World: Young Women's Sexual and Reproductive Lives. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute.
  • Ali, N. & Minoui D. (2010). I am Nujood, Age 10, and Divorced. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Aydemir, E. (2011). Evlilik mi evcilik mi? Erken ve zorla evlilikler: Çocuk gelinler. International Strategic Research Organization (USAK).
  • Aydın, D. & Akay, B. Assessment of the Opinions of Prospective Nurses on Early Marriage and Child Brides. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 7, 39-44.
  • Brown, G. (2012). Out of wedlock, into school: combating child marriage through education. London, The Office of Gordon and Sarah Brown Limited.
  • Bruce J., Clark S. (2003). Married Adolescents in Adolescent Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Burris, C. (2014). Why domestic institutions are failing child brides: Comparative analysis of India's and the united states' legal approaches to the institution of child marriage. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 23(1), 151-176.
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Convention Pact. New York: United Nations
  • Chakraborty, R. (2019). Child, Not Bride: Child Marriage among Syrian Refugees. Harvard International Review, 40(1), 20–21.
  • Child Protection Act. Article 3a. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Mevzuat-Metin/1.5.5395.pdf
  • Davids, L. (2007). Female Subordination Starts at Home: Consequences of Young Marriage and Proposed Solutions. Regent. Journal of International Law. 299, 302.
  • Erkan, R. Yildiz, N. & Avci, H. (2014). Erken Evliliklerin Toplumsal Meşruiyeti: Nitel Bir Çalışma. https://www.raporlar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Erken_Yasta_Evlilik_Raporu.pdf
  • Gezer Tuğrul, Y . (2018). Erken Yaşta Evlendirilen Kadınların Evlilik Süreçleri, Deneyimleri ve Sonraki Yaşamları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma. Sosyoloji Notları , 2 (1) , 2-38 .
  • Girlsnotbride Organization (2020). 5 Reasons End Child Marriage Improve Maternal Health. https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/5-reasons-end-child-marriage-improve-maternal-health/
  • Goodwin, Michele (2013). When Institutions Fail: The Case of Underage Mamiage in India, 62 DEPAUL L. REv. 357, 359.
  • Gorney, C. (2011). Too Young to Wed The secret world of child brides. National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2011/06/
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Ankara, 2013. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/ tnsa2013/ data/TNSA-2013_ana_Rapor-tr.pdf
  • Kim, M., Longhofer, W., Boyle, E. H., & Nyseth, H. (2013). When do laws matter? National minimum age-of-marriage laws, child rights, and adolescent fertility, 1989–2007. Law & Society Review, 47, 589–619.
  • Kök, S., Özkan, S., Şerbetçioğlu, K.K. (2017). Masculine Domination On The Child Bride Body From Symbolic Violence To Bare Violence: The Case Of Kilis. Edited by Derya Demirdizen Çevik and Gülçin Taşkıran in Current Debates in Labor Economics, Demography & Gender Studies Vol. 7. Ijopec Publication.
  • Kumar, V. (2012). 101 Design Methods: A Structured Approach for Driving Innovation in Your Organization, Wiley, Chicago.
  • Iyabode, O. (2011). Child Bride and Child Sex: Combating Child Marriages in Nigeria. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence, 2, 85-96.
  • Malhotra, A., Warner, A., McGonagle, A & Lee-Rife, S. (2014). Solutions To End Child Marriage: What the Evidence Shows. Int'l Center For Research On Women, 2.
  • Mark, J. (2012). Married at Eight Years Old: How United States Current Legal Remedies Are Inadequate to Protect the Victims of Child Marriages, 18. New Eng. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 411, 414-15.
  • Mathur S, Greene M, & Malhotra A. (2003). Too Young to Wed: The Lives, Rights, and Health of Young Married Girls. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women, 1–15.
  • Migration Foundation, (2012). Report on Child Abuse. http://panel.stgm.org.tr/vera/app/var/files/g/o/goc-vakfi-izleme-raporu.pdf
  • Nour N. M. (2006). Health consequences of child marriages in Africa. Emerg Infect Disease, 12, 1644–1649.
  • Nour, N. M. (2009). Child Marriage: A Silent Health and Human Rights Issue. Rev Obstet Gynecol, 2(1), 51–56.
  • Population Reference Bureau the World's Youth 2006 Data Sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2006.
  • United Nations (2000). World Marriage Patterns. New York: United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
  • United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (2004). World AIDS Campaign 2004: Women, Girls, HIV, and AIDS. Strategic Overview and Background Note.
  • United Nations (2001). We the Children: End-Decade Review of the Follow-Up to the World Summit for Children. Report of the Secretary-General (A/S-27/3) New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations Children's Fund. (1998). Convention. New York: United Nations.
  • Unicef (2013). Ending CHILD MARRIAGE Progress and prospects. https://www.unicef.org/media/files/Child_Marriage_Report_7_17_LR..pdf
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1979). Human Rights. New York: United Nations.
  • Sen, A. (2001). Development as Freedom. Oxford: OUP, Oxford.
  • Shri̇vastava, S, & Shri̇vastava, P. (2020). Addressing the challenge of child marriage through vocational services. Cukurova Medical Journal, 45, 375-376
  • Suarez, P. (2018): Child-bride marriage and female welfare. European Journal of Law and Economics, 45, 1, 1-28.
  • Timmerman, J. (2004). When Her Feet Touch the Ground: Conflict Between the Roma Familistic Custom of Arranged Juvenile Marriage and Enforcement of International Human Rights Treaties. Journal Transnational Law &Policy, 475, 483.
  • Turk Civil Code. Article 124. http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Mevzuat/Nufus_Mevzuati/Kanun/pdf/turk_kanunu_medenisi.pdf
  • Turk Penal Code. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html
  • Voinarevich, O. (2015). Fairy Tale Interrupted: The Long-Term Impacts of Child Marriage in Yemen And the Necessary Adjustments to Both Local and International LawsTo Stop the Practice and To Protect Voiceless Child Brides. Rutgers Race the Law Review, 16(2), 203-218.
  • Wing, A. K. (2012). The "Arab Fall": The Future of Women's Rights. UC. Davis Journal International Law & Policy 445, 455.
  • World Health Organization (2004). Malaria and HIV Interactions and Their Implications for Public Health Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Zhang Z.F., Parkin D.M., & Yu SZ. (1989). Risk factors for cancer of the cervix in a rural Chinese population. Int J Cancer. 43:762–767.

Çocuk Gelin ve Değersizlik Hissi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, - , 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.703734

Öz

Çocuk gelin sorunu bütün yasal önlemlere rağmen devam etmektedir. Her yıl gelişmekte olan dünyadaki 12 milyon kızın zorla evlendirildiği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu önemli konuda birçok araştırmalar yapıldı. Ancak, hiçbiri çocuk gelinler açısından konuyu incelemedi. Onların ebeveynlerinin (yaşlıların) seçimini duyduklarındaki tepkileri, duyguları, hisleri, açmazları ve düşünceleri araştırıldı. Evlilikten önce ve evlilikten sonra duygusal olarak hangi süreçlerden geçtikleri detaylı şekilde irdelendi. Türkiye’deki çocuk gelin üzerindeki etnografik araştırmamız, bu erken yaşta evlenen insanların fiziksel, duygusal ve ruhsal olarak gelişemediklerini ve sonraki yıllarda her konuda eksik kaldıklarını, üzerlerindeki yıkımı atamadıklarını göstermektedir. Daha derin bir problem değersizlik hissinde yatmaktadır. Değersizlik hissinin temelinde kendi fikrinin sorulmaması, rızasının alınmaması yatmaktadır. Çevrelerindeki herkese karşı; kendi ailelerine, eşlerin ailelerine, kendilerine karşı husumet beslemekteler. Evden kendi istekleriyle de kaçan kızlarda da bu değersizlik fikri hem mevcuttur. Ekonomik, eğitimsel ve yasal desteklerle birlikte öz saygılarını kazanmak ve bu karanlık duyguların üstesinden gelmek için güçlü psikolojik desteğe ihtiyaçları vardır. Bir kız kurban olduğunu ve hak etmediğini düşündükçe değişim yaşanmamaktadır. Bu kızların hikayeleri, çocuk evliliğinin yasaklanması ve toplumların bu insan hakları ihlalini durdurmak için kızlar üzerindeki güçlü olumsuz şokun farkında olmaları gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, A. A. & Adekola, P. O. (2017). Health Implication of Child Marriage in North-East Nigeria. Analele Universităţii din Oradea Seria Geografie, 1, 54-61
  • Adhikari, R., K. (2003). Early marriage and childbearing: risks and consequences. In: Bott S, Jejeebhoy S, Shah, Puri C, editors. Towards Adulthood: Exploring the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents in South Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; pp. 62–66.
  • Akin, M.Ş. (2005). Fertility and Education: A Panel Data Analysis for Middle East. Journal of Developing Areas, 21, 2, 45-55.
  • Alan Guttmacher Institute (1998). Into a New World: Young Women's Sexual and Reproductive Lives. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute.
  • Ali, N. & Minoui D. (2010). I am Nujood, Age 10, and Divorced. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Aydemir, E. (2011). Evlilik mi evcilik mi? Erken ve zorla evlilikler: Çocuk gelinler. International Strategic Research Organization (USAK).
  • Aydın, D. & Akay, B. Assessment of the Opinions of Prospective Nurses on Early Marriage and Child Brides. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 7, 39-44.
  • Brown, G. (2012). Out of wedlock, into school: combating child marriage through education. London, The Office of Gordon and Sarah Brown Limited.
  • Bruce J., Clark S. (2003). Married Adolescents in Adolescent Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Burris, C. (2014). Why domestic institutions are failing child brides: Comparative analysis of India's and the united states' legal approaches to the institution of child marriage. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 23(1), 151-176.
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Convention Pact. New York: United Nations
  • Chakraborty, R. (2019). Child, Not Bride: Child Marriage among Syrian Refugees. Harvard International Review, 40(1), 20–21.
  • Child Protection Act. Article 3a. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Mevzuat-Metin/1.5.5395.pdf
  • Davids, L. (2007). Female Subordination Starts at Home: Consequences of Young Marriage and Proposed Solutions. Regent. Journal of International Law. 299, 302.
  • Erkan, R. Yildiz, N. & Avci, H. (2014). Erken Evliliklerin Toplumsal Meşruiyeti: Nitel Bir Çalışma. https://www.raporlar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Erken_Yasta_Evlilik_Raporu.pdf
  • Gezer Tuğrul, Y . (2018). Erken Yaşta Evlendirilen Kadınların Evlilik Süreçleri, Deneyimleri ve Sonraki Yaşamları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma. Sosyoloji Notları , 2 (1) , 2-38 .
  • Girlsnotbride Organization (2020). 5 Reasons End Child Marriage Improve Maternal Health. https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/5-reasons-end-child-marriage-improve-maternal-health/
  • Goodwin, Michele (2013). When Institutions Fail: The Case of Underage Mamiage in India, 62 DEPAUL L. REv. 357, 359.
  • Gorney, C. (2011). Too Young to Wed The secret world of child brides. National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2011/06/
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Ankara, 2013. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/ tnsa2013/ data/TNSA-2013_ana_Rapor-tr.pdf
  • Kim, M., Longhofer, W., Boyle, E. H., & Nyseth, H. (2013). When do laws matter? National minimum age-of-marriage laws, child rights, and adolescent fertility, 1989–2007. Law & Society Review, 47, 589–619.
  • Kök, S., Özkan, S., Şerbetçioğlu, K.K. (2017). Masculine Domination On The Child Bride Body From Symbolic Violence To Bare Violence: The Case Of Kilis. Edited by Derya Demirdizen Çevik and Gülçin Taşkıran in Current Debates in Labor Economics, Demography & Gender Studies Vol. 7. Ijopec Publication.
  • Kumar, V. (2012). 101 Design Methods: A Structured Approach for Driving Innovation in Your Organization, Wiley, Chicago.
  • Iyabode, O. (2011). Child Bride and Child Sex: Combating Child Marriages in Nigeria. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence, 2, 85-96.
  • Malhotra, A., Warner, A., McGonagle, A & Lee-Rife, S. (2014). Solutions To End Child Marriage: What the Evidence Shows. Int'l Center For Research On Women, 2.
  • Mark, J. (2012). Married at Eight Years Old: How United States Current Legal Remedies Are Inadequate to Protect the Victims of Child Marriages, 18. New Eng. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 411, 414-15.
  • Mathur S, Greene M, & Malhotra A. (2003). Too Young to Wed: The Lives, Rights, and Health of Young Married Girls. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women, 1–15.
  • Migration Foundation, (2012). Report on Child Abuse. http://panel.stgm.org.tr/vera/app/var/files/g/o/goc-vakfi-izleme-raporu.pdf
  • Nour N. M. (2006). Health consequences of child marriages in Africa. Emerg Infect Disease, 12, 1644–1649.
  • Nour, N. M. (2009). Child Marriage: A Silent Health and Human Rights Issue. Rev Obstet Gynecol, 2(1), 51–56.
  • Population Reference Bureau the World's Youth 2006 Data Sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2006.
  • United Nations (2000). World Marriage Patterns. New York: United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
  • United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (2004). World AIDS Campaign 2004: Women, Girls, HIV, and AIDS. Strategic Overview and Background Note.
  • United Nations (2001). We the Children: End-Decade Review of the Follow-Up to the World Summit for Children. Report of the Secretary-General (A/S-27/3) New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations Children's Fund. (1998). Convention. New York: United Nations.
  • Unicef (2013). Ending CHILD MARRIAGE Progress and prospects. https://www.unicef.org/media/files/Child_Marriage_Report_7_17_LR..pdf
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1979). Human Rights. New York: United Nations.
  • Sen, A. (2001). Development as Freedom. Oxford: OUP, Oxford.
  • Shri̇vastava, S, & Shri̇vastava, P. (2020). Addressing the challenge of child marriage through vocational services. Cukurova Medical Journal, 45, 375-376
  • Suarez, P. (2018): Child-bride marriage and female welfare. European Journal of Law and Economics, 45, 1, 1-28.
  • Timmerman, J. (2004). When Her Feet Touch the Ground: Conflict Between the Roma Familistic Custom of Arranged Juvenile Marriage and Enforcement of International Human Rights Treaties. Journal Transnational Law &Policy, 475, 483.
  • Turk Civil Code. Article 124. http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Mevzuat/Nufus_Mevzuati/Kanun/pdf/turk_kanunu_medenisi.pdf
  • Turk Penal Code. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html
  • Voinarevich, O. (2015). Fairy Tale Interrupted: The Long-Term Impacts of Child Marriage in Yemen And the Necessary Adjustments to Both Local and International LawsTo Stop the Practice and To Protect Voiceless Child Brides. Rutgers Race the Law Review, 16(2), 203-218.
  • Wing, A. K. (2012). The "Arab Fall": The Future of Women's Rights. UC. Davis Journal International Law & Policy 445, 455.
  • World Health Organization (2004). Malaria and HIV Interactions and Their Implications for Public Health Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Zhang Z.F., Parkin D.M., & Yu SZ. (1989). Risk factors for cancer of the cervix in a rural Chinese population. Int J Cancer. 43:762–767.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Akın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akın, M. (2020). Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.703734
AMA Akın M. Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness. pjess. Aralık 2020;7(2). doi:10.34232/pjess.703734
Chicago Akın, Mustafa. “Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness”. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020). https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.703734.
EndNote Akın M (01 Aralık 2020) Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies 7 2
IEEE M. Akın, “Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness”, pjess, c. 7, sy. 2, 2020, doi: 10.34232/pjess.703734.
ISNAD Akın, Mustafa. “Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness”. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies 7/2 (Aralık 2020). https://doi.org/10.34232/pjess.703734.
JAMA Akın M. Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness. pjess. 2020;7. doi:10.34232/pjess.703734.
MLA Akın, Mustafa. “Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness”. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies, c. 7, sy. 2, 2020, doi:10.34232/pjess.703734.
Vancouver Akın M. Child Bride and Feeling of Unworthiness. pjess. 2020;7(2).

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