Geleneksel Çevrede Yeni Binalar için Optimizasyon Tabanlı Cephe Tasarımı: Güneş Işığı Maruziyeti

Öz

Geleneksel çevrede yeni yapılaşma süreci, cephe sürekliliği ve kent siluetinin devam etmesi bakımından özel bir tasarım yaklaşımı gerektirir. Mevcut tarihi yapıların ölçü, oran, pencere ve kapı oranlarıyla cephe dolu-boş ilişkisini doğru yorumlamak ve tasarım kodlarını ortaya çıkarmak önemlidir. Ancak cephe tasarımında ele alınan pencere tasarımı, gün ışığı performansını ve dolayısıyla termal konforu etkileyen önemli bir tasarım parametresidir. Bu sebeple, yeni bir bina tasarımının dokuya uygun olarak üretilmesi birinci amaç olsa da, gün ışığının iç mekandaki performansını değerlendirerek tasarım yapmak, tasarımın gücünü arttırabilir. Ancak gelenekselden gelen tasarım kodlarının çözümlenmesi, cephe sürekliliğinin sağlanması ve cephe performans kriterlerinin değerlendirilmesi aynı anda yapılamayacak kadar zor bir süreçtir. Bu sebeple çalışmada bütün kriterleri aynı anda değerlendirebilen ve yüzlerce yeni yapı tasarım alternatifini aynı anda üretebilen optimizasyon tabanlı bir model üretilmiştir. Model üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlki tasarım değişkenlerinden ve üretim kurallarından oluşan parametrik modelleme aşamasıdır. İkinci aşama üretilen alternatiflerin güneş maruziyetinin değerlendirildiği simülasyon aşaması, üçüncü aşama ise alternatiflerin en iyilendiği optimizasyon aşamasıdır. Optimizasyon süreçlerinde NSGA-II algoritması kullanılmıştır. Model özgün yapıların korunduğu geleneksel bir çevre olan Afyonkarahisar Yukarı Pazar Caddesinde denenmiştir. Optimizasyon süreci sonunda, dokuya uygun ve güneş maruziyet performansını sağlayan onlarca tasarım alternatifi aynı anda üretilebilmiştir. Çalışma, yeni yapıların sadece dokuya uygun olarak üretilmesini değil, aynı zamanda çağdaş konfor koşullarının da tasarım sürecine dahil edilebildiğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetik algoritma
• Optimizasyon tabanlı tasarım
• Geleneksel çevre
• NSGA II

Optimization-Based Facade Design for New Buildings in Historical Environments: Sunlight Exposure

Abstract

The process of constructing new buildings in a historical environment requires a special design approach in terms of facade continuity and preserving the city's silhouette. It is essential to accurately interpret the full-void relationship of the facade with the dimensions, proportions, window-to-door ratios, and design codes of existing historical structures. However, window design, which is addressed in facade design, is a crucial design parameter that significantly impacts daylight performance and, consequently, thermal comfort. For this reason, while the primary goal is to produce a new building design that is appropriate for the fabric, designing by evaluating the performance of daylight in the interior can enhance the design's power. However, decoding traditional design codes, ensuring facade continuity, and evaluating facade performance criteria are processes that are too difficult to accomplish simultaneously. For this reason, an optimization-based model has been developed in this study that can evaluate all criteria simultaneously and generate hundreds of new structural design alternatives at once. The model consists of three stages: parametric modeling, simulation-based evaluation of sunlight exposure, and optimization. The NSGA-II algorithm was used in the optimization processes. The model was tested in Afyonkarahisar Yukarı Pazar Street, a preserved traditional environment. At the end of the optimization process, tens of design alternatives suitable for the fabric and providing solar exposure performance could be produced simultaneously. The study is significant in that it demonstrates that new structures can be produced not only to suit the fabric but also that contemporary comfort conditions can be incorporated into the design process.

Keywords

• Optimization-Based design
• Historical environment
• NSGA-II
• Genetic algorithm

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