A Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Perspective on Microfluidic Chips

Öz

Microfluidic systems, which can be easily modified and integrated into many studies, have been the focus of attention of researchers in recent years. Thanks to microfluidic chips, controlled and optimized cell culture studies can be performed with less solution and continuous perfusion. In recent years, culturing the stem cells which has attracted the attention of regenerative medicine, alone or together with other cells and differentiating these cells in the desired direction, are frequently studied in chip systems. Adding hydrogels or decellularized organ matrices to these systems that will mimic the intercellular environment conditions gives results closer to in vivo. There are many studies showing that all the behaviors of the stem cells, including the differentiation, change considerably due to the material from which the chips are produced, the surface modifications, the flow rate, the medium content, the mechano-chemical properties of the hydrogels used, and electrical, chemical or mechanical stimulations. It is predicted that microfluidic chip systems will add a new dimension to personalized medicine, drug toxicity experiments, point-of-care rapid diagnostic kits, and many basic science researches in the future, and will be one of the more reliable and inexpensive potential methods, especially by replacing animal experiments. All these reasons make chip systems the focus of research. In this study; The fabrication, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of microfluidic chip systems in tissue engineering are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• microfluidic systems
• lab-on-chip
• organ-on-chip
• tissue engineering
• stem cell

Mikroakışkan Çiplere Kök Hücre ve Doku Mühendisliği Perspektifinden Bakış

Öz

Kolayca modifiye edilebilir ve pek çok çalışmaya entegre edilebilir özellikleriyle mikroakışkan sistemler son yıllarda araştırmacıların ilgi odağındadır. Mikroakışkan çipler sayesinde daha az solüsyon ve sürekli perfüzyon ile kontrollü ve optimize hücre kültürü çalışmaları yapılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle rejeneratif tıbbın ilgisini çeken kök hücrelerin tek başına veya diğer hücrelerle birlikte kültürlenmesi ve kullanılan kök hücrelerin istenilen yönde farklılaştırılması çip sistemlerinde sıklıkla çalışılmaktadır. Bu sistemlere hücreler arası ortam koşullarını taklit edecek hidrojellerin veya hücrelerinden arındırılmış organ matrislerinin de ilave edilmesi in vivo'ya daha yakın sonuçlar vermektedir. Çiplerin üretildiği malzeme, yüzey modifikasyonları, akış hızı, besi yeri içeriği, kullanılan hidrojellerin mekano-kimyasal özellikleri, elektriksel, kimyasal ya da mekanik uyarımlar neticesinde kök hücrelerin farklılaşmaları da dahil tüm davranışlarının oldukça değiştiğini gösteren birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin ilerleyen zamanlarda kişiselleştirilmiş tıp, ilaç toksisite deneyleri, hasta-yanı hızlı tanı kitleri ve birçok temel bilim araştırmasına yeni bir boyut kazandıracağı, özellikle hayvan deneylerinin yerini alarak daha güvenilir ve ucuz potansiyel yöntemlerin başında geleceği öngörülmektedir. Tüm bu sebepler çip sistemlerini araştırma odağı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin üretimi, avantajları, dezavantajları ve doku mühendisliği alanındaki uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mikroakışkan sistemler
• çip-üstü-lab
• çip-üstü-organ
• doku mühendisliği
• kök hücre

Kaynakça

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