Farklı Türlerde Polyester ve Çekme Katkısı İçeren Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Malzemelerde Çevresel Koşulların Aşınma Davranışlarına Olan Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Kompozit malzemeler, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte günümüzde birçok alanda başarıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Elyaf takviyeli polimer kompozitler, yüksek dayanım ve düşük maliyet özelliklerinden dolayı en sık tercih edilen kompozit malzemelerdir. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester (CTP) kompozitler kullanım alanlarına göre istenilen mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri karşılayan polimer matrisli ve cam elyaf takviye malzemeli bir kompozit türüdür. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemeler farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkıları içerebilmektedir. Çevresel koşullar cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozitlerin aşınma dayanımı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki farklı türde polyester (ortoftalik ve izoftalik) ve çekme katkısı (polistiren ve plastifiyen) içeren cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemelerin farklı çevresel koşullar (UV ışıma, asit ortamı, tuzlu su ortamı, hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma, hidrotermal yaşlandırma ve termal çevrim) altındaki aşınma davranışları incelenmiş ve farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkısı içeren numunelerde çevresel koşulların malzemelerin aşınma davranışları üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. CTP kompozit numunelerin aşınma dayanımına çevresel koşulların etkileri dikkate alındığında her iki numunede de UV ışıma ortamına ve hidrotermal yaşlandırmaya maruz kalan numunelerin aşınma dayanımının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. CTP kompozit malzemelerin içerisinde polistiren çekme katkısının kullanılması malzemenin aşınma dayanımını iyileştirmektedir. Ortoftalik polyester reçine içeren CTP kompozit numunelerin, izoftalik reçine içeren numunelere kıyasla aşınma dayanımları daha iyidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester
• adheziv aşınma
• çevresel koşullar
• yaşlandırma

Investigation of the Effects of Environmental Conditions on Wear Behaviors in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials Containing Different Types of Polyester and Low Profile Additive

Öz

Composite materials are used successfully in many fields today with the developing technology. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are the most preferred composite materials due to their low cost properties and high strength. Glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) composites are a type of composite with polymer matrix and glass fiber reinforcement material that meet the desired mechanical and tribological properties according to their usage areas. GFRP composite materials can contain different types of polyester and shrinkage additives. Environmental conditions affect the wear resistance of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. In this study, different environmental conditions (UV irradiation, acid environment, salt water environment, accelerated aging, hydrothermal aging and thermal cycling) of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials containing two varied types of polyester (orthophthalic and isophthalic) and low profile additive (polystyrene and plasticizer) were investigated and the effects of environmental conditions on the wear behavior of the materials were investigated in samples containing different types of polyester and low profile additives. Considering the effects of environmental conditions on the wear resistance of the GFRP composite samples, it was observed that the wear resistance of the samples exposed to UV irradiation and hydrothermal aging increased in both samples. The use of polystyrene low profile additive in GFRP composite materials increases the wear resistance of the material. GFRP composite samples containing orthophlalic polyester resin have better wear resistance than samples containing isophlalic resin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Glass fiber reinforced polyester
• adhesive wear
• environmental factors
• ageing

Kaynakça

1. [1] Kaya İ.A., “Kompozit Malzemeler ve Özellikleri”, 29, Putech&Composites, (2016).
2. [2] Şahin, Y., “Kompozit Malzemelere Giriş”, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, (2006).
3. [3] Ersoy Y.H., “Kompozit Malzeme”, Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul, (2001).
4. [4] Seymour R.B. and Deanin R.D., “History of Polimeric Composites”, VNU Press, Netherlands, (1987).
5. [5] Jiping B., “Advanced Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications”, Woodhead Publishing, UK, (2013).
6. [6] Bagherpour S., “Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites, Polyester,” Editors: Saleh El-Din H, InTech, (2012).
7. [7] Prashanth S., Subbaya K.M., Nithin K. and Sachhidananda S., “Fiber Reinforced Composites-A Review”, Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, 6: (2017).
8. [8] Soo-Jin Park and Min-Kang Seo, “Interface Science and Technology”, Academic Press, San Diego, (2011).

9. [9] Wypych G., “Handbook of fillers’’, Chem Tec Publishing, Canada, (1999).
10. [10] Feyzullahoğlu E., “Effect of Different Fillers on Adhesive Wear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites’’, Tribology in Industry, 39: 482-486, (2017).
11. [11] Sathishkumar T.P. and Naveen J., ‘’Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites-A review’’, J Rein Plas Comp, 33: 1258-1275, (2014).
12. [12] Neale M.J., “The Tribology Handbook”, Butterworth-Heinmann, Oxford, (1995).
13. [13] Glaeser A.W., “Materials for Tribology”, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, (1992).
14. [14] Stachowiak W.G. and Batchelor W. A., “Engineering Tribology”, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, (2005).
15. [15] Fischer A. and Bobzin K., “Friction, Wear and Wear Protection”, Wiley, Germany, (2009).
16. [16] Feyzullahoğlu E., ‘’The Investigation of Effects of Polyester Resins and Tensile Additives on Abrasive Wear of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites’’, International Science and Technology Conference (ISTEC), Paris, 603-608, (2018).
17. [17] İlhan R. and Feyzullahoğlu E., ‘’The Wear of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials at Different Loads and Speeds’’, El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, 5: 259-266, (2018).
18. [18] Chakraverty A.P., Mohanty U.K., Mishra S.C. and Satapathy A., “Sea Water Ageing of GFRP Composites and the Dissolved Salts”, IOP Publishing, 75: 1-16, (2015).
19. [19] Shaofeng W., Dianrong G., Liang Y. and Chen B., “Experimental Study on Influence of Dimples on Lubrication Performance of Glass Fiber-Epoxy Resin Composite under Natural Sea water Lubrication”, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 30: 110-117, (2016).
20. [20] Han W., Chen S., Campbell J., Zhang X. and Tang Y., “Fracture Toughness and Wear Properties of Nanosilica /Epoxy Composites under Marine Environment”, Materials Chem. And Phys, 177: 147-155, (2016).
21. [21] Singh N., Yousif B.F. and Rilling D., “Tribological Characteristics of Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites under Wet Adhesive Wear”, Tribology Transactions, 54: 736-748 (2011).
22. [22] Agrawal S., Singh K.K. and Sarkar P.K., “A Comparative Study of Wear and Friction Characteristics of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Resin, Sliding under Dry, Oil-Lubricated and Inert Gas Environments”, Tribology International, 96: 217-224, (2015).
23. [23] Zaini M.Z.B., “The Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) under Abrasive Condition”, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, (2013).
24. [24] İlhan R. and Feyzullahoğlu E. “Investigation of adhesive wear properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites having different chemical compositions”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 236: 156–173, (2022).
25. [25] Smith W.F., “Material Science and Engineering”, Mc Graw-Hill Education, USA, (1993).
26. [26] Valinoti C.A., Neves G.B., Silva M.E. and Maia C.L., “Surface Degradation of Composite Resins by Acidic Medicines and Ph-Cycling”, J Appl Oral Sci, 16: 257–265, (2008).
27. [27] Münchow A.E., Ferreira C.A., “Effect of Acidic Solutions on the Surface Degradation of A Micro-Hybrid Composite Resin”, Brazilian Dental Journal, 25: 321-326, (2014).
28. [28] Park Y., Kim H.Y. and Lee S., “Long-Term Flexural Behaviors of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams Exposed to Accelerated Aging Exposure Conditions”, Polymers, 6: 1773-1793, (2014).
29. [29] Kuram E., “Cam Elyaf Katkılı Poli (oksimetilen) Kompozitinin Laboratuar Ortamında ve Suda Yaşlandırılması Sonucunda Mekanik, Reolojik ve Morfolojik Özelliklerindeki Değişimler”, Gazi University Journal of Science, 6: 721-728, (2018).
30. [30] Jafari A., Ashrafi H., Bazli M. and Ozbakkaloglu T., “Effect of Thermal Cycles on Mechanical Response of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Profiles of Different Geometries”, Composite Structure, 223: (2019).