Üzerinden Su Filminin Aktığı Güneş Panelinin Verimliliğinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Dünyanın en önemli enerji kaynağı güneştir. Güneş enerjisi, fotovoltaik (PV) güneş panelleri kullanılarak elektriğe dönüştürülebilir. PV güneş panellerinin maksimum elektriksel veriminin %15-%20 civarında olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, PV güneş panellerinin çok verimli olmadıkları açıktır. Bu bazı nedenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sebeplerin en önemlilerinden biri PV güneş panelinin sıcaklığındaki artıştır. Bu yüzden PV güneş panelleri, herhangi bir soğutma yöntemi ile soğutulmalıdır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada; panel sıcaklığının PV güneş panellerinin elektriksel verimliliğine etkisi deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla soğutmalı ve soğutmasız iki adet PV güneş paneli içeren bir deney düzeneği kurulmuştur. Bu deney düzeneğinde, genel literatürden farklı olarak panel üzerinden akan bir su filmi soğutmayı sağlamaktadır. Soğutulan solar panelin güç çıkışının, soğutmasız panele göre daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Akan su filmi ile yapılan soğutma sayesinde PV panelden 11.143 W elektrik gücü elde edilmiştir. Tasarlanan soğutma sistemi sayesinde ortalama güç artışı yaklaşık %9.51’dir. Sonuç olarak, soğutulan güneş panelinin soğutmasız olana göre %13.69 daha verimli olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Bu deneysel çalışmada ayrıca, belirsizlik analizi yapılmıştır. Maksimum gücün ve elektriksel verimin belirsizliği sırasıyla ± %0.16130 ve ± %1.28366’dır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektriksel verim
• akan su filmi
• PV güneş paneli
• güneş enerjisi
• sıcaklık etkisi

Experimental Investigation of the Efficiency of Solar Panel Over Which Water Film Flows

Öz

The most important energy source of the world is the sun. Solar energy can be converted to electricity by using photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. It is known that maximum electrical efficiency of PV solar panels is around 15%-20%. Therefore, it is clear that PV solar panels are not very efficient. This is due to some reasons. One of the most important of these reasons is the increase in the temperature of the PV solar panel. Therefore, PV solar panels should be cooled by means of any cooling methods. For this reason, in this study, the effect of temperature on electrical efficiency of PV solar panels has been investigated experimentally. For this purpose, an experimental setup, containing two PV solar panels with and without cooling, was installed. In this experimental setup, unlike the general literature a flowing water film, which is on the panel, obtains the cooling. It has been determined that power output of the cooled solar panel is greater than without cooling one. A 11.143 W electrical power has been gained from the PV panel due to cooling obtained by flowing water film. The average power increase by means of designed cooling system is about 9.51%. As a result, it was specified that the cooled solar panel was approximately 13.69% more efficient than the uncooled one. In this experimental study, uncertainty analysis was also performed. The uncertainty of the maximum power and electrical efficiency are ± 0.16130% and ± 1.28366%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electrical efficiency
• flowing water film
• PV solar panel
• solar energy
• temperature effect

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