Atık Yağ Rafinasyon Tesisleri için Saha Çalışmasına Dayalı Atık Üretim Faktörlerinin Geliştirilmesi, Proses ve Proses Dışı Atık Yönetiminin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Atıkların etkin ve verimli yönetiminde 4R (azalt, yeniden kullan, geri dönüştür ve geri kazan) uygulamaları da dahil olmak üzere iyileştirmeler yapılabilmesi amacıyla atık üretimine ilişkin doğru ve gerçekçi verilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak atık istatistiklerinde sektörel bazlı atık miktarlarının tahmin edilebilmesi için hala günümüzde detay veriler bulunmaması nedeniyle uygun olmayan atık üretim faktörleri farklı sektörler için kullanılmakta ve bu durumda gerçekçi olmayan sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Bu sebeple bölgesel veya ülke genelinde sektörel bazlı atık oluşumları için geçerli olabilecek, saha bazlı atık üretim faktörlerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan büyük öneme sahip atık yağ rafinasyon sektörü için de oluşan atık miktarlarının doğru tahmin edilmesi; toplama, işleme ve bertaraf sistemlerinin planlanabilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da ülkemizde sayıları hızla artan atık yağ rafinasyon tesislerinden kaynaklanabilecek, insan ve çevreye ciddi zarar verme potansiyeline sahip (H3B-alevlenir, H13-hassaslaştırıcı ve H14-ekotoksik) proses ve proses dışı atıklar için atık üretim faktörlerinin geliştirilmesi ve atıkların “Atık Yönetimi Yönetmeliği” kapsamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bu kapsamda atık üretiminin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 10 adet atık yağ rafinasyon tesisi saha araştırması ve tesise özel mühendislik analizleriyle incelenmiştir (mevzuat inceleme, lisanslama ve atık nitelik belirleme). Saha çalışmalarına dayalı gerçekleştirilen hesaplamalar, en yüksek atık üretim faktörlerinin kilogram atık yağ başına sırasıyla; 0,0072-0,0402, 0,0069-0,0404 ve 0,0310 kg ile asit katranlarında (19 11 02*), fiziksel ve kimyasal işlemlerden kaynaklanan tehlikeli maddeler içeren çamurlar (19 02 05*) ve saha içi atıksu arıtımından kaynaklanan tehlikeli maddeler içeren çamurlarda (19 11 05*) olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu atıklar yeniden proses edilerek yeni ürünlerin üretiminde kullanılabilecek geri dönüştürülebilir tipte atıklardır. Stratejik açıdan oldukça önemli olan bu bilgi, atık yağların rafine edilmesinden elde edilen kazanımları artırmak için büyük bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Ancak döngüsel ekonominin tam olarak uygulanması için hala uzun bir yol bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak geliştirilen atık üretim faktörleri atık yönetimine temel teşkil edecek olup, sektörden kaynaklanabilecek yıllık atık miktarlarının izlenmesi ve tahmin edilmesine yardımcı olarak, yetkililer için karar destek mekanizması oluşturulmasına önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. Bununla birlikte, atık yağ rafinasyon tesislerinde oluşan atık türleri ve atık miktarlarının ilk kez bu çalışma ile ortaya konduğunun da altı çizilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atık yağ
• atık üretim faktörleri
• rafinasyon
• baz yağ
• atık yönetimi

Development of Waste Generation Factors Based on Field Survey for Waste Oil Refineries and Appraisal of Process and Non-Process Waste Management

Öz

The accurate and realistic data on waste generation is needed to make improvements in the effective and efficient management of waste including the application of 4R (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover). However, due to the lack of detailed data for estimating sectoral-based waste amounts in waste statistics, inappropriate waste generation factors are used for different sectors and unrealistic results can be obtained in this case. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the field-based waste generation factors that can be valid for regional or country-wide sector-based waste generation. Accurate estimation of the amount of waste generated as a result of refining is crucial for the waste oil sector, which has significant environmental and economic value. The aim of our study was to develop the waste generation factors for process and non-process wastes that may originate from rapidly growing waste oil refineries because of its potential to cause serious harm (H3B-flammable, H13-leachate with hazardous properties, H14-ecotoxic) to humans and the environment and evaluation within the scope of “Waste Management Regulation”. To evaluate waste generation within the scope of the study, the ten-waste oil-refining plants were investigated through field survey and site-specific engineering analysis (regulatory review, licensing and qualification). Using the field survey approach, the performed calculations showed that the highest waste generation factors were found in acid tars (19 11 02*), sludge’s from physico/chemical treatment containing dangerous substances (19 02 05*) and sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing dangerous substances (19 11 05*) with generation rates between 0,0072-0,0402, 0,0069-0,0404 and 0,0310 kg of waste per kg of waste oil, respectively. These are recyclable wastes type that can be re-processed and made new products. The availability of this strategically important information will offer a surplus opportunity for increasing profits from the refining of waste oils. However, there is still a long way to attain full circular economy. As a result, the developed waste generation factors will form the basis for waste management and will contribute to the establishment of a decision support mechanism for the authorities by helping to monitor and predict the annual waste amounts that may arise from the sector. Moreover, it's important to note that this current study has, for the first time, revealed the types and quantities of waste present in waste oil refineries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Waste oil
• waste generation factors
• refining
• base oil
• waste management

Kaynakça

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