Power Quality Evaluation of a High-Power Residential Load: An Experimental Study

Öz

The global energy demand is increasing day by day due to factors such as industrialization, technological advancements, and population growth. In order to meet this growing demand, merely exploring new energy sources is not sufficient; issues such as energy efficiency and power quality are also gaining increasing importance. Harmonics, one of the most critical parameters of power quality, refer to the distortions caused by electrical devices in power systems and can directly affect the efficiency and safety of energy systems. Household appliances such as air conditioners, computers, televisions, washing machines, and dishwashers are among the major contributors to harmonic pollution. In this study, the harmonic effects of three different washing machines manufactured in different years were examined. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of washing machines on power quality at different washing temperatures and to compare their harmonic generation levels. Within the scope of the study, harmonics generated during washing cycles at different temperatures (30°C, 60°C, and 90°C) were analyzed in detail for each washing machine. Measurements were conducted using a Fluke 435 power quality analyzer, and the obtained data were processed using MATLAB software for detailed analysis. The measurements revealed that the harmonic levels of washing machines vary depending on the model year, motor type, and washing temperature. It was observed that older models produced lower harmonic levels, whereas modern inverter motor washing machines exhibited higher harmonic levels. Additionally, it was determined that harmonic distortion changes as the washing temperature increases. The results highlight the significance of design modifications aimed at reducing the harmonic generation of electrical household appliances and the importance of techniques that enhance energy efficiency. This study aims to contribute to raising awareness among consumers and engineers regarding power quality and harmonic management, thereby guiding the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly electrical devices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Residential load
• washing machine
• harmonic evaluation
• non-linear loads
• power quality

Yüksek Güçlü Bir Konut Yükünün Güç Kalitesi Değerlendirmesi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Dünyadaki enerji talebi, sanayileşme, teknolojik gelişmeler ve nüfus artışı gibi faktörler nedeniyle her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu artan talebi karşılamak için yalnızca yeni enerji kaynaklarının araştırılması yeterli olmamakta, aynı zamanda enerji verimliliği ve güç kalitesi gibi konular da giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Güç kalitesinin en kritik parametrelerinden biri olan harmonikler, elektrikli cihazların enerji sistemlerinde oluşturduğu bozulmaları ifade eder ve enerji sisteminin verimli ve güvenli çalışmasını doğrudan etkileyebilir. Evlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan klima, bilgisayar, televizyon, çamaşır makinesi ve bulaşık makinesi gibi cihazlar da harmonik kirliliğine katkıda bulunan önemli kaynaklar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı yıllarda üretilmiş üç farklı çamaşır makinesinin harmonik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, çamaşır makinelerinin farklı yıkama sıcaklıklarında güç kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak harmonik üretim seviyelerini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, her bir çamaşır makinesi için farklı sıcaklıklarda (30°C, 60°C ve 90°C) gerçekleştirilen yıkama döngülerinde oluşan harmonikler detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ölçümler, Fluke 435 güç kalitesi analizörü kullanılarak alınmış ve elde edilen veriler MATLAB yazılımı yardımıyla işlenerek detaylı analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan ölçümler sonucunda, çamaşır makinelerinin harmonik seviyelerinin model yılına, motor tipine ve yıkama sıcaklığına bağlı olarak değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Eski model makinelerin daha düşük harmonik ürettiği, ancak modern inverter motorlu çamaşır makinelerinin daha yüksek harmonik seviyelerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yıkama sıcaklığı arttıkça harmonik bozulmanın da değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, elektrikli ev aletlerinin harmonik üretimini azaltmaya yönelik tasarım değişikliklerinin ve enerji verimliliğini artıran tekniklerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, tüketicilerin ve mühendislerin güç kalitesi ve harmonik yönetimi konusunda bilinçlenmesine katkı sağlayarak daha verimli ve çevre dostu elektrikli cihazların geliştirilmesine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Konut yükü
• çamaşır makinesi
• harmonik değerlendirme
• doğrusal olmayan yükler
• güç kalitesi.

Kaynakça

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