Türkiye'de Havalimanları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: 12 İl Havalimanı Panel Veri Analizi Yaklaşımı

Öz

Havalimanlarının bölgesel ve kent düzeyinde ekonomik büyümeyi destekleyip desteklemediği konusu araştırmacılar tarafından uzun süredir tartışılan bir konudur. Literatürde havalimanlarının ekonomileri nasıl etkilediği ve iki sistem arasındaki ilişkinin hangi değişkenlerle ölçülebileceği sorununa ilişkin 40 yılı aşkın bir tartışma mevcuttur. Sorun, havalimanları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişkinin yönü, kimin kimi etkilediği, etki büyüklüğü ve önemi ile bunun nasıl ölçüleceğidir. Bu makale bu tartışmalar ışığında Türkiye’de yer alan 12 il havalimanının bulundukları ilin ekonomisine olan etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale il düzeyinde elde edilen panel verilerle 2007-2023 yılları arasında 12 büyük ildeki hava taşımasının o ilin ekonomik göstergelerinden biri olan kişi başına düşen Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYH) değeri üzerindeki etkisine ve neden-sonuç ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır bu anlamda ülkemizde literatürde yer alan çalışmalardan il düzeyinde ve kişi başın düşen GSYH ile direkt ilişki kurmaya çalışmasından dolayı farklı bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Makalenin sonucunda, havalimanları ile kişi başına düşen GSYH ile arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ve havalimanlarının ekonomik büyüme ile arasında neden-sonuç ilişkisi bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havalimanları
• Ekonomik büyüme
• Panel veri analizi
• Nedensellik

Causality Relationship Between Airports And Economic Growth In Türkiye: Panel Data Analysis Approach For 12 Airport Provinces

Öz

The question of whether airports promote economic growth at the regional and city levels has long been debated by researchers. There is more than 40 years of debate in the literature on the question of how airports affect economies and what variables can be used to measure the relationship between the two systems. The problem is the direction of the causal relationship between airports and economic growth, who affects whom, the size and importance of the effect, and how to measure it. In the light of these debates, this paper aims to investigate the impact of 12 provincial airports in Turkey on the economy of their provinces. The article focuses on the effect of air transportation in 12 large provinces on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, which is one of the economic indicators of that province, between 2007 and 2023 with panel data obtained at the provincial level, and the cause-effect relationship, and in this sense, it has a different perspective from the studies in the literature in our country since it tries to establish a direct relationship at the provincial level and with GDP per capita. As a result of the article, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between airports and GDP per capita and that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between airports and economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Airports
• Economic growth
• Panel data analysis
• Causality

Kaynakça

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