Özel Tip Bir Yarı Römork için Bağımsız Süspansiyon Sistemi Tasarımı: Kavramsal Tasarım Çalışmaları

Öz

Cam ve benzeri hassas yüklerin taşınmasına uygun özel tip yarı römorklarda uygulanacak 4,5 ton taşıma kapasiteli, boyuna salıncaklı bir bağımsız süspansiyon sisteminin kavramsal tasarım adımları özetlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, tekerleğin toplam çalışma stroku dikkate alınarak, süspansiyon sisteminin tasarım hacmi belirlenmiştir. Hedeflenen şasi düşey titreşim frekansı ile şasi sönüm faktörü değerlerini sağlayan hava yayı ve amortisör katsayıları, kütle-yay-sönümleyici modeli kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu veriler kullanılarak, Adams/Car™ çoklu cisim dinamiği paket programı yardımıyla, süspansiyonun çoklu cisim (ÇC) modeli oluşturulmuştur. Adams/Insight™ uygulaması yardımıyla, yaylanma sırasında en düşük aks açıklığı değişimini meydana getirecek uygun salıncak yatağı konumu bulunmuştur. Yatak konumu, şasinin konstrüksiyonu ile yay ve amortisörün strokları gibi faktörler ışığında, süspansiyon salıncağının ön tasarımı yapılmıştır. Bu tasarımın kütlesi, topoloji optimizasyonu yardımıyla, yaklaşık %37 oranında azaltılmıştır. Farklı sürüş durumlarında, tekerlek temas noktasına etkimesi öngörülen yükler için ANSYS^® Workbench uygulaması yardımıyla, sistemin sonlu elemanlar (SE) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tamamlanmış tasarımın, tasarım yükünün üç katı için güvenlik koşulunu sağladığı görülmüştür. CATIA^® V5R21 DMU Kinematics uygulaması yardımıyla gerçekleştirilen kinematik incelemede, tam yaylanma durumunda, süspansiyon elemanları ve şasi arasında herhangi bir girişim oluşmadığı belirlenmiştir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yarı römork,bağımsız süspansiyon,çoklu cisim sistemleri,sonlu elemanlar analizi,topoloji optimizasyonu

Design of an Independent Suspension for a Special Type Semi-Trailer: Conceptual Design Studies

Öz

Conceptual design steps of a 4.5 metric tonnes capacity, trailing arm-type independent suspension system, which will be applied to special type semi-trailers suitable for the transport of glass and other sensitive loads, are summarized. In the first phase of the work, the design volume of the suspension system is determined, by taking the total working stroke of the wheel into account. The spring and damping coefficients, which provide the required vertical vibration frequency and the chassis damping factor for the chassis, are calculated by using the mass-spring-damper model. By using these data, a multi-body (MB) model of the suspension system was created via Adams/Car ™ multibody dynamics software package. Proper position of the control arm bearing which satisfies the minimum wheel base alteration during the wheel travel  by using the Adams / Insight ™ application. In the light of the factors such as the bearing position, chassis structure, the strokes of the spring and damper, pre-design of the control arm was carried out. Mass of this design was decreased about 37% with the help of topology optimization. Finite element (FE) analyses of the suspension system was also carried out via ANSYS^® Workbench application for predicted loads on the wheel contact point which represent various load conditions. Results showed that the final design satisfies the safety condition for three times the design load. Kinematic inspection which was carried out by using the CATIA^® V5R21 DMU Kinematics application was also showed that there is no penetration between the suspension components and the chassis for full jounce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Semi-trailer,independent suspension,multibody systems,finite element analysis,topology optimization

Kaynakça

1. [1] Reimpell J., Stoll H., Betzler J.W., “The Automotive Chassis: Engineering Principles”, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, (2002).
2. [2] 2. Hoepke E., Breuer S., “Nutzfahrzeugtechnik”, Vieweg+Teubner GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, (2008).
3. [3] Omojaro 3. Yamanaka T., Hoshino H., Motoyama K., “Design optimization technique for suspension mechanism of automobile”, Seoul 2000 FISITA World Automotive Congress, Seul, F2000G309, (2000).
4. [4] Hwang J.S., Kim S.R., Han S.Y., “Kinematic design of a double wishbone type front suspension mechanism using multi-objective optimization”, Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (ACAM 2007), Brisbane, 788-793, (2007).
5. [5] Sancibrian R., Garcia P., Viadero F., Fernandez A., De-Juan A., “Kinematic design of double-wishbone suspension systems using a multiobjective optimisation approach”, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility, 48: 793-813, (2010).
6. [6] Arikere A., Kumar G.S., Bandyopadhyay S, Optimisation of double wishbone suspension system using multi-objective genetic algorithm, Simulated Evolution and Learning: 8th International Conference (SEAL 2010), Kanpur, 445-454, (2010).
7. [7] Zhang J.J., Xu L.W., Gao R., “Multi-island genetic algorithm optimization of suspension system”, Telkomnika, 10: 1685-1691, (2012).
8. [8] Heo S.J., Kang D.O., Lee J.H., Kim I.H., Darwish S.M., “Shape optimization of lower control arm considering multi-disciplinary constraint condition by using progress meta-model method”, International Journal of Automotive Technology, 14: 499-505, (2013).

9. [9] Yarmohamadi H., “Advances in heavy vehicle dynamics with focus on engine mounts and individual front suspension”, Doktora Tezi, Chalmers University of Technology, (2012).
10. [10] Yarmohamadi H., Berbyuk V., “Kinematic and dynamic analysis of a heavy truck with individual front suspension”, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility, 51: 877-905, (2013).
11. [11] Matschinsky W., “Radführungen der Straβenfahrzeuge”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, (2007).
12. [12] Woernle C., “Fahrmechanik: Skriptum Vorlesung”, Fakultät Maschinenbau und Schiffstechnik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, (2005).
13. [13] “Continental Luftfederbälge”, Continental Gummi-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Hannover, (1977).
14. [14] Pahl H.J., “Luftfedern in Nutzfahrzeugen, Auslegung-Berechnung-Praxis”, Firmenschrift, Luftfedertechnik (LFT) Germany GmbH / AKTAŞ Group, Dormagen.
15. [15] Blundell M., Harty D., “The Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics”, Elsevier Butterworth – Heinemann, London, (2006).
16. [16] v.Estorff H.E., “Technische Daten Fahrzeugfedern Teil 3: Stabilisatoren”, Stahlwerke Brüninghaus GmbH., Werdohl, (1969).
17. [17] Montgomery D.C., “Design and Analysis of Experiments”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, (2000).
18. [18] Aydın M., Ünlüsoy S., “Optimization of suspension parameters to improve impact harshness of road vehicles”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 60: 743–754, (2012).
19. [19] Topaç M.M., Bahar E., Olguner C., Kuralay N.S., “Kinematic optimisation of an articulated truck independent front suspension by using response surface methodology”, AVTECH’15: III. Automotive and Vehicle Technologies Conference, İstanbul, 59-72, (2015).
20. [20] Heißing B., Ersoy M., Gies S., “Fahrwerkhandbuch, Grundlagen, Fahrdynamik, Komponenten, Systeme, Mechatronik, Perspektiven”, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH., Wiesbaden, (2011).
21. [21] Topaç M.M., Olguner C., Yenice A., Kuralay N.S., “Kamyon bağımsız ön süspansiyon sisteminin kavramsal tasarımı”, MTS8: 8. Mühendislik ve Teknoloji Sempozyumu, Ankara, 39-44, (2015).
22. [22] Topaç M.M., Bahar E., Kaplan A., Sarıkaya E.Z., “Design of a lower wishbone for a military vehicle independent front suspension using topology optimization”, IDEFIS 2017: 2nd International Defence Industry Symposium, Kırıkkale, 333-342, (2017).
23. [23] Bendsøe M.P., Sigmund O., “Topology optimization, theory, methods, and applications”, Springer, Berlin, (2003).
24. [24] Wang S., “Krylov Subspace Methods for Topology Optimization on Adaptive Meshes”, Doktota tezi, University of Illinois, (2007).
25. [25] Johnsen S., “Structural topology optimization”, Yüksek lisans tezi, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (2013).
26. [26] Huang X., Xie Y.M., “Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures - Methods and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, (2010).
27. [27] Svanberg, K., Svärd, H., “Density filters for topology optimization based on the Pythagorean means”, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 48: 859–875, (2013).
28. [28] Shukla, A., Misra A., Kumar S., “Checkerboard problem in finite element based topology optimization”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 6: 1769-1774, (2013).
29. [29] Sergent, N., Tirovic, M., Voveris, J., “Design optimization of an opposed piston brake caliper”, Engineering Optimization, 46: 1520-1537, (2014).
30. [30] “ANSYS Topology Optimization ACT Extension, 17.2 release”. (2016). ANSYS, Inc., (2016).