Investigation of Ballistic Impact Response of Aluminum Alloys Hybridized with Kevlar/Epoxy Composites

Öz

In this comparative study, ballistic impact responses of various aluminum alloys hybridized with Kevlar/Epoxy composite is investigated numerically. The numerical models were developed using the explicit finite element module of ANSYS. 50 caliber projectile with an initial velocity of 400 m/s is used during the analyses. In the first part of the study, 7075, 6061 and 2024 aluminum alloys are compared for their ballistic impact resistance. Amount of perforation energies (energy absorbing capacity of target) and projectile residual velocities of these alloys are compared. Also, thicknesses of plates are increased up to the point at which the plates don't exhibit full perforations for the used projectile and initial velocity. It is seen that that residual velocity of the Al 7075 T6 is the smallest among the used aluminum alloys which means that 7075 T6 type of aluminum has the higher ballistic impact resistance. In the second part of the study, six different hybrid models that have different combinations of Al 7075 and Kevlar29/Epoxy are proposed. Perforation energies and projectile residual velocities of these proposed models are compared under ballistic impact loadings. It was shown that the hybrid model with 6AL-6KEV orientation, was the optimum structure to resist the ballistic impact loading among the proposed models. Which means that the plate with this orientation has exhibited the maximum energy absorbing characteristics.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ballistic impact,aluminum alloys,kevlar

Kaynakça

1. [1] Avery, J. ve Porter, T., “Comparisons of the ballistic impact response of metals and composites for military aircraft applications”, Foreign Object Impact Damage to Composites, ASTM International, 1975.
2. [2] Anderson, C.E. ve Bodner, S.R., "Ballistic impact: the status of analytical and numerical modeling", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 7(1): 9-35, (1988).
3. [3] Lee, B., Song, J. ve Ward, J., "Failure of Spectra® polyethylene fiber-reinforced composites under ballistic impact loading", Journal of Composite Materials, 28(13): 1202-1226, (1994).
4. [4] Meyer, H.W. ve Kleponis, D.S., "Modeling the high strain rate behavior of titanium undergoing ballistic impact and penetration", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 26(1): 509-521, (2001).
5. [5] Demir, T., Übeyli, M. ve Yıldırım, R.O., "Investigation on the ballistic impact behavior of various alloys against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectile", Materials & Design, 29(10): 2009-2016, (2008).
6. [6] Mohotti, D., Ngo, T., Raman, S.N., Ali, M. ve Mendis, P., "Plastic deformation of polyurea coated composite aluminium plates subjected to low velocity impact", Materials & Design, 56: 696-713, (2014).
7. [7] Holmen, J.K., Johnsen, J., Hopperstad, O.S. ve Børvik, T., "Influence of fragmentation on the capacity of aluminum alloy plates subjected to ballistic impact", European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 55: 221-233, (2016).
8. [8] Li, M.-Y., Xiong, B.-Q., Wang, G.-J., Tong, Y.-Z., Li, X.-W., Huang, S.-H., Li, Z.-H. ve Zhang, Y.-A., "Fracture mechanism of a laminated aluminum alloy plate during ballistic impact", Rare Metals, 36(9): 737-745, (2017).

9. [9] Jena, P., Sivakumar, K., Mandal, R. ve Singh, A., "Influence of Heat Treatment on the Ballistic Behavior of AA-7017 Alloy Plate against 7.62 Deformable Projectiles", Procedia Engineering, 173: 214-221, (2017).
10. [10] Majzoobi, G., Morshedi, H. ve Farhadi, K., "The effect of aluminum and titanium sequence on ballistic limit of bi-metal 2/1 FMLs", Thin-Walled Structures, 122: 1-7, (2018).
11. [11] Sharma, P., Chandel, P., Bhardwaj, V., Singh, M. ve Mahajan, P., "Ballistic impact response of high strength aluminium alloy 2014-T652 subjected to rigid and deformable projectiles", Thin-Walled Structures, (2017).
12. [12] Senthil, K., Iqbal, M., Arindam, B., Mittal, R. ve Gupta, N., "Ballistic resistance of 2024 aluminium plates against hemispherical, sphere and blunt nose projectiles", Thin-Walled Structures, (2017).
13. [13] Bendarma, A., Jankowiak, T., Łodygowski, T., Rusinek, A. ve Klósak, M., "Experimental and numerical analysis of the aluminum alloy AW5005 behavior subjected to tension and perforation under dynamic loading", Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 55(4): 1219-1233, (2017).
14. [14] Eken, S., Yavuz, A.K. ve Phoenix, S.L., "Computational ballistic impact analysis of aircraft armors", Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 10(1): 81-95, (2017).
15. [15] Gilioli, A., Manes, A., Giglio, M. ve Wierzbicki, T., "Predicting ballistic impact failure of aluminium 6061-T6 with the rate-independent Bao–Wierzbicki fracture model", International Journal of impact engineering, 76: 207-220, (2015).
16. [16] Doğru, M.H., "Modification of Hardening Parameter for Computational Plasticity ", Politeknik Dergisi, 20(3): 647-650, (2017).
17. [17] Vieille, B., Casado, V.M. ve Bouvet, C., "Influence of matrix toughness and ductility on the compression-after-impact behavior of woven-ply thermoplastic-and thermosetting-composites: a comparative study", Composite structures, 110: 207-218, (2014).
18. [18] Naik, N., Ramasimha, R., Arya, H., Prabhu, S. ve ShamaRao, N., "Impact response and damage tolerance characteristics of glass–carbon/epoxy hybrid composite plates", Composites Part B: Engineering, 32(7): 565-574, (2001).
19. [19] Kim, H., Welch, D.A. ve Kedward, K.T., "Experimental investigation of high velocity ice impacts on woven carbon/epoxy composite panels", Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 34(1): 25-41, (2003).
20. [20] López-Puente, J., Zaera, R. ve Navarro, C., "Experimental and numerical analysis of normal and oblique ballistic impacts on thin carbon/epoxy woven laminates", Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 39(2): 374-387, (2008).
21. [21] Kim, Y.A., Woo, K., Cho, H., Kim, I.-G. ve Kim, J.-H., "High-velocity impact damage behavior of carbon/epoxy composite laminates", International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 16(2): 190-205, (2015).
22. [22] Silva, F., de Moura, M. ve Magalhães, A., "Low velocity impact behaviour of a hybrid carbon‐epoxy/cork laminate", Strain, (2017).
23. [23] Shillings, C., Javier, C., LeBlanc, J., Tilton, C., Corvese, L. ve Shukla, A., "Experimental and computational investigation of the blast response of Carbon-Epoxy weathered composite materials", Composites Part B: Engineering, 129: 107-116, (2017).
24. [24] Doğru, M. ve Güzelbey, İ., "Investigation of the impact effects of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotube for soldier boot under the blast load", Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials: Doi:10.1177/0892705717734599, (2018).
25. [25] DeLuca, E., Prifti, J., Betheney, W. ve Chou, S., "Ballistic impact damage of S 2-glass-reinforced plastic structural armor", Composites Science and Technology, 58(9): 1453-1461, (1998).
26. [26] Deka, L., Bartus, S. ve Vaidya, U., "Damage evolution and energy absorption of E-glass/polypropylene laminates subjected to ballistic impact", Journal of Materials Science, 43(13): 4399, (2008).
27. [27] Pol, M.H., Liaghat, G., Zamani, E. ve Ordys, A., "Investigation of the ballistic impact behavior of 2D woven glass/epoxy/nanoclay nanocomposites", Journal of Composite Materials, 49(12): 1449-1460, (2015).
28. [28] Naik, N., Shrirao, P. ve Reddy, B., "Ballistic impact behaviour of woven fabric composites: Formulation", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32(9): 1521-1552, (2006).
29. [29] Dorey, G., Sidey, G. ve Hutchings, J., "Impact properties of carbon fibre/Kevlar 49 fibre hydrid composites", Composites, 9(1): 25-32, (1978).
30. [30] Briscoe, B. ve Motamedi, F., "The ballistic impact characteristics of aramid fabrics: the influence of interface friction", Wear, 158(1-2): 229-247, (1992).
31. [31] Guoqi, Z., Goldsmith, W. ve Dharan, C.H., "Penetration of laminated Kevlar by projectiles—I. Experimental investigation", International Journal of Solids and Structures, 29(4): 399-420, (1992).
32. [32] Tham, C., Tan, V. ve Lee, H.-P., "Ballistic impact of KEVLAR® helmet: Experiment and simulations", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35(5): 304-318, (2008).
33. [33] Pereira, J.M. ve Revilock Jr, D.M., "Ballistic impact response of Kevlar 49 and Zylon under conditions representing jet engine fan containment", Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 22(3): 240-248, (2009).
34. [34] Kumar, S., Gupta, D.S., Singh, I. ve Sharma, A., "Behavior of Kevlar/epoxy composite plates under ballistic impact", Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(13): 2048-2064, (2010).
35. [35] Talib, A.A., Abbud, L., Ali, A. ve Mustapha, F., "Ballistic impact performance of Kevlar-29 and Al 2 O 3 powder/epoxy targets under high velocity impact", Materials & Design, 35: 12-19, (2012).
36. [36] Reis, P., Ferreira, J., Santos, P., Richardson, M. ve Santos, J., "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix", Composite Structures, 94(12): 3520-3528, (2012).
37. [37] Zhu, D., Vaidya, A., Mobasher, B. ve Rajan, S.D., "Finite element modeling of ballistic impact on multi-layer Kevlar 49 fabrics", Composites Part B: Engineering, 56: 254-262, (2014).
38. [38] Randjbaran, E., Zahari, R., Abdul Jalil, N.A. ve Abang Abdul Majid, D.L., "Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with Kevlar/carbon/glass woven fabrics for ballistic impact testing", The Scientific World Journal, 2014, (2014).
39. [39] Bandaru, A.K., Chavan, V.V., Ahmad, S., Alagirusamy, R. ve Bhatnagar, N., "Ballistic impact response of Kevlar® reinforced thermoplastic composite armors", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 89: 1-13, (2016).
40. [40] Ansari, M.M. ve Chakrabarti, A., "Impact behaviour of GFRP and Kevlar/epoxy sandwich composite plate: Experimental and FE analyses", Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 31(2): 771-776, (2017).
41. [41] Doğru, M.H., "Tsai-wu kriteri kullanarak kompozit plakaların optimizasyonu için geliştirilen algoritma", Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32(3): 821-829, (2017).
42. [42] Ellis, R.L., Lalande, F., Jia, H. ve Rogers, C.A., "Ballistic impact resistance of SMA and spectra hybrid graphite composites", Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, 17(2): 147-164, (1998).
43. [43] Muhi, R., Najim, F. ve de Moura, M.F., "The effect of hybridization on the GFRP behavior under high velocity impact", Composites Part B: Engineering, 40(8): 798-803, (2009).
44. [44] Doğru, M.H., "Investigation of Velocity Distribution and Turbulent Energy for the Different Tip Shaped Projectiles", Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 32(3): 39-46, (2017).
45. [45] Manes, A., Bresciani, L. ve Giglio, M., "Ballistic performance of multi-layered fabric composite plates impacted by different 7.62 mm calibre projectiles", Procedia Engineering, 88: 208-215, (2014).