Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Micro Cellulose Reinforced Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hybrid Composite Films: Characterization and Reprocessing Performance

Öz

The aim of this research paper was to investigate the synergetic effect of micro cellulose and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) combination on physicochemical, mechanical and reprocessing performance of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) hybrid composite films. The hybrid composite films production was carried out by the solution casting method, and the reprocessed films were produced using defective (torn, faulty) films from primary production by the same method. The combined use of MWCNTs and micro cellulose improved the hydrophobicity approximately 85% in ratio. After the reprocessing, decreased intensities of the peaks in the FTIR and Raman results confirmed the reduced molecular interaction between all components of the hybrid composite film, moreover, SEM and TEM revealed the negative defects such as agglomeration which caused mechanical strength decrease. The tensile strength of PVA hybrid composite films loaded cellulose/MWCNTs, reached 97 MPa strength value and elongation at break decreased to 33% according to the neat PVA film. The study results revealed that hybridization had a remarkable impact on improving characteristic properties of composite films and reprocessing process might have been compatible with solution casting method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,micro cellulose,PVA,hybrid,composite film

Kaynakça

1. [1] Amrin S., Deshpande V.D., "Electrical properties and conduction mechanism in carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites", J. Mater. Sci., 51: 2453–2464, (2016)
2. [2] Castell P., Cano M., Maser W.K., Benito A.M., "Combination of two dispersants as a valuable strategy to prepare improved poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube composites", Compos. Sci. Technol., 80:101-107, (2013)
3. [3] Montes S., Carrasco P.M., Ruiz V., Cabañero G., Grande H.J., Labidi J., Odriozola I., "Synergistic reinforcement of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with cellulose nanocrystal-stabilized graphene", Compos. Sci. Technol., 117:26–31, (2015)
4. [4] Tanpichai S., Sampson W.W., Eichhorn S.J., "Stress transfer in microfibrillated cellulose reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composites", Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 65: 186–191, (2014)
5. [5] Mallakpour S., Abdolmaleki A., Borandeh S., "L-Phenylalanine amino acid functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a reinforced filler for improving mechanical and morphological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/MWCNT composite", Prog. Org. Coatings., 77: 1966–1971, (2014)
6. [6] Zhang L., Zhang G., Lu J., Liang H., "Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Film as a Potential Coating Material", Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 52: 163–167, (2013)
7. [7] Mallapragada S.K., Peppas N., "Dissolution Mechanism of Semicrystalline Poly ( vinyl alcohol) in Water", J. Polym. Sci., 34: 1339–1346, (1996)
8. [8] Zhang W., Zhang Z., Wang X., "Investigation on surface molecular conformations and pervaporation performance of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane", J. Colloid Interface Sci,. 333: 346–353, (2009)

9. [9] Zhang C., Huang S., Tjiu W.W., Fan W., Liu T., "Facile preparation of water-dispersible graphene sheets stabilized by acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their poly(vinyl alcohol) composites", J. Mater. Chem., 22: 2427–2434, (2012)
10. [10] Zhang X., Liu T., Sreekumar T. V., Kumar S., Moore V.C., Hauge R.H., Smalley R.E., "Poly ( vinyl alcohol )/ SWNT Composite Film", Nano Lett., 3: 1285–1288, (2003)
11. [11] Peng J., Ellingham T., Sabo R., Turng L.S., Clemons C.M., "Short cellulose nanofibrils as reinforcement in polyvinyl alcohol fiber", Cellulose., 21: 4287–4298, (2014)
12. [12] Hu H., Zhang T., Yuan S., Tang S., "Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with phenylenediamine for enhanced CO2adsorption", Adsorption., 23: 73–85, (2017)
13. [13] Deng Q., Li J., Yang J., Li D., "Optical and flexible α-chitin nanofibers reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film: Fabrication and property", Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 67: 55–60, (2014)
14. [14] Huner U., Gulec H.A., Damar Huner I., "Atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment of wheat straw for improved compatibility in epoxy composites", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 135: 1–11, (2018)
15. [15] Naebe M., Lin T., Tian W., DaiL ., Wang X., "Effects of MWNT nanofillers on structures and properties of PVA electrospun nanofibres", Nanotechnology., 18: 225605, (2007)
16. [16] Zhou T., Chen F., Tang C., Bai H., Zhang Q., Deng H., Fu Q., "The preparation of high performance and conductive poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanocomposite via reducing graphite oxide with sodium hydrosulfite", Compos. Sci. Technol., 71: 1266–1270, (2011)
17. [17] Wang J., Wang X., Xu C., Zhang M., Shang X., "Preparation of graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties and water resistance", Polym. Int., 60: 816–822, (2011)
18. [18] Bahrami S.B., Kordestani S.S., Mirzadeh H., Mansoori P., "Poly (vinyl alcohol) - Chitosan Blends: Preparation, Mechanical and Physical Properties", Iran. Polym. J., 12: 139–146, (2003)
19. [19] Song P., Cao Z., Cai Y., Zhao L., Fang Z., Fu S., "Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties", Polymer (Guildf)., 52: 4001–4010, (2011)
20. [20] Virtanen S., Vartianen J., Setälä H., Tammelin T., Vuoti S., "Modified nanofibrillated cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol films with improved mechanical performance", RSC Adv., 4: 11343–11350, (2014)
21. [21] Wen-Yin Ko J.-W.S., Lin K.-J., "Sonophysically Exfoliated Individual MultiWalled Carbon Nanotubes in Water Solution and their Straightforward Route to Flexible Transparent Conductive Films", Carbon Nanotub. Appl. Electron Devices., 333–350, (2011)
22. [22] Oishi Y., Nakaya M., Matsui E., Hotta A., "Structural and mechanical properties of cellulose composites made of isolated cellulose nanofibers and poly(vinyl alcohol)", Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 73: 72–79, (2015)
23. [23] Qiao K., Zheng Y., Guo S., Tan J., Chen X., Li J., Xu D., Wang J., "Hydrophilic nanofiber of bacterial cellulose guided the changes in the micro-structure and mechanical properties of nf-BC/PVA composites hydrogels", Compos. Sci. Technol., 118: 47–54, (2015)
24. [24] Tang C., Liu H., "Cellulose nanofiber reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film with high visible light transmittance", Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 39: 1638–1643, (2008)
25. [25] Alonso S., Escobar M., Augusto C., Merino I., Manuel J., Meza M., "Mechanical and thermal behavior of polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with aligned carbon nanotubes", Rev. Mater., 20: 794–802, (2015)