Investigation and a Statistical Analysis of Abrasive Wear Behaviors of Cryogenically Treated Cold Work Tool Steels

Öz

In this study, the abrasive wear resistance of the cryotreated DIN 1.2379 cold work tool steel has been investigated. Therefore, untreated and different cryotreated specimens having dimensions of 6x50 mm were prepared. Samples austenised at 1030˚C for 1 hour were quenched in oil. The cryogenic process was applied for 12 hours at -140˚C. The tempering process was carried out at 200˚C for 2 hours. The process applied to the material, the load parameters (10, 20 and 30 N) and the abrasive grid size (800, 1000 and 1200 mesh were determined as the experimental parameters. On the other hand other parameters like sliding speed and sliding distance were kept constant. In order to determine the effect ratios of the parameters on the data obtained from test results, analysis of variance technique was applied. As a result, all three parameters are found to be effective on wear rate, while the most important parameter on wear is applied load. The effect of the load parameter on abrasion was determined as 57.9%, the effect of the abrasive as 19.7% and the effect of the process as 15.6%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DIN 1. 2379
• cryogenic process
• heat treatment
• analysis of variance
• minitab

Kriyojenik İşlem Yapılmış Soğuk İş Takım Çeliklerinin Abrasif Aşınma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi ve İstatistiksel Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kriyojenik işlem uygulanmış olan DIN 1.2379 soğuk iş takım çeliğinin, abrasif aşınma direnci araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla herhangi bir işlem uygulanmamış ve farklı kriyojenik ısıl işlem uygulanmış 6x50 mm ebatlarındaki deney numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. 1030 ͦ C’de 1 saat östenitlenmiş olan numunelere yağda su verilmiştir. Kriyojenik işlem -140 ͦ C’de 12 saat süre ile uygulanmıştır. Temperleme işlemi, 200 ͦ C sıcaklıkta ve 2 saat süre ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney parametreleri, malzemeye uygulanan işlem, yük (10, 20 ve 30 N) ve aşındırıcı zımpara boyutu (800, 1000 ve 1200 mesh) olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan kayma hızı ve kayma mesafesi gibi parametreler sabit tutulmuştur. Deneyler sonunda elde edilen veriler üzerinde, parametrelerin etki oranlarının belirlenmesi için varyans analizi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aşınma üzerinde en önemli parametre yük olarak belirlenirken, her üç parametrenin de aşınma oranı üzerinde etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aşınma üzerinde yük parametresinin etkisi %57.9, zımparanın etkisi %19.7 ve işlemin etkisi ise %15.6 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DIN 1. 2379
• Kriyojenik işlem
• ısıl işlem
• varyans analiz
• minitab

Kaynakça

1. [1] Devaraj M. R., Hemanth J., Yathisha N, “Effect of Cryogenic Treatment On Mechanical Properties of Steel-A Review” Internatıonal Journal Of Engıneerıng Scıences & Research Technology 12: 645-655, (2015).
2. [2] A D Wale, Wakchaure V. D., “Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Cold Work Tool Steels”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com 149-154, (2013).
3. [3] Bhateja A., “Study the Effect on the Hardness of three Sample Grades of Tool Steel i.e. EN-31, EN-8, and D3 after Heat Treatment Processes Such As Annealing, Normalizing, and Hardening & Tempering,” The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES) , 253-259, (2012).
4. [4] Jirkova H., Mašek B., Wagner M.F.-X., Langmajerova D., Kucerova L., Treml R., Kiener D., “Influence of metastable retained austenite on macro and micromechanical properties of steel processed by the Q&P process”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 615, 163–168, (2014).
5. [5] Toros S., “Trıp 800 Çeliğinin Şekillendirme Kabiliyetinin İncelenmesi Ve Modellenmesi” Doktora Tezi Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ağustos, (2013).
6. [6] Asmari H., Emadoddin E., Habibolahzade A., “Effect of Retained Austenite Characteristics on Deep Drawability of TRIP-aided Steel Sheet”, International Journal of Metallurgical Engineering, 1(4): 66-71, (2012).
7. [7] Fatih Hayat, “Trıp Çeliklerinin Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Kullanımının İncelenmesi” Gazi Üniv. Müh.Mim. Fak. Der., Cilt 25, No 4,701-712, (2010).
8. [8] Prıyadarshını A., “A Study of The Effect Of Cryogenıc Treatment On The Performance of High Speed Steel Tools And Carbide Inserts”, Master Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, (2007).

9. [9] Podgornik, B. Majdi F., Leskovsek V., Vizintin J., “Improving tribological properties of tool steels through combination of deep-cryogenic treatment and plasma nitriding”, Wear 288, 88– 93, (2012).
10. [10] Eylül DEMİR ve İhsan TOKTAŞ AISI D2 Çeliğine Uygulanan Farklı Bekletme Sürelerindeki Derin Kriyojenik İşlemin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi, ISITES 2014 Karabuk - TURKEY, 238-249, (2014).
11. [11] Kaplan Y., Nalbant M., Gökkaya H., “AISI D2 ve AISI D3 Soğuk İş Çeliklerinin Delinmesinde İşleme Parametrelerinin Çapak Oluşumuna Etkilerinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi”, Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi (1), 37-46, (2011).
12. [12] Farhani F., Niaki K.S., “Cryogenıc Treatment Of Metals–A Review of Experimental Studies, Underlying Mechanism and Process Equipment”, Proceedings of the 4th BSME-ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, 27-29 December, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 832-840, (2008).
13. [13] Naravade R.H., Belkar R.K., “Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al/SiCp on Automobile Friction Material”, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), Volume 3, Issue 12, 5-13, (2014).
14. [14] El-Taleb A.S., “Investigation of Mold Design and Process Parameters in Microinjection Molding to Fabricate a Deformable Membrane Mirror” Graduate Program in Industrial and Systems Engineering, PhD. Thesis, The Ohio State University, (2013).
15. [15] Naravade R.H., Belkar S.B., Kharde R.R., “Effects of Cryogenic Treatment, Hardening and Multiple Tempering on Wear Behavior of D6 Tool Steel”, The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES), Volume 2, Issue 5, , Pages 01-15, (2013).
16. [16] Naravade R.H., Belkar R.K., Bajaj D.S. “Effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Behavior of D6 Tool Steel” International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology 2nd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME-2016),73-80, (2016).
17. [17] Rajmohan T., Palanıkumar K., Ranganathan S., “Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of hybrid aluminium matrix composites” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc., China 23, 2509−2517, (2013).
18. [18] Mıshra P., “Statıstıcal Analysıs For The Abrasive Wear Behavior of Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite, International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJARME), 7-11, (2012).
19. [19] Baradeswaran A., Elayaperumal A., Issac F.R., “A Statistical Analysis of Optimization of Wear Behaviour of Al-Al2O3 Composites Using Taguchi Technique” Procedia Engineering 64, 973-982, (2013).
20. [20] Ghosh S., Sutradhar G. and Sahoo, P., “Wear Performance Of Al-5%SiC Metal Matrıx Composıtes Usıng Taguchı Method”, Journal of Tribology Research, 1, 2, 33-40, (2010).
21. [21] Bülbül, A. E., Dilipak, H., Sarıkaya, V. and Yılmaz, V. “Optimization of the wear behavior of uncoated, TiN and AlTiN coated cold work tool steel 1.2379 using response surface methodology”, Materials Testing: Vol. 58, No. 1, 12-19, (2016).
22. [22] KARABATAK M., KARA F., “AISI D2 Soğuk İş Takım Çeliğinin Sert Tornalanmasında Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün Deneysel Optimizasyonu” Politeknik Dergisi, 19(3): 349-355, (2016).
23. [23] Darwin, J.D., Lal, D.M. and Nagarajan, G. “Optimization of cryogenic treatment to maximize the wear resistance of 18% Cr martensitic stainless steel by Taguchi method”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 195(1-3), 241-247, (2008).
24. [24] Kumar M. C., VijayaKumar P., Narayan B., “Optimization of cryogenic treatment parameters to maximise the tool wear of HSS tools by Taguchi method”,International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER),3051-3055, (2012).
25. [25] Venses G., Siva R. S. “Optimisation of Deep Cryogenic Treatment Process on the Wear Resistance of 100Cr6 Bearing Steel using Taguchi technique”, Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Science, 9-20, (2015).