Investigation of LPG Use in Turbostar Injection Gasoline Engine in Emission and Engine Performance Conditions

Öz

Today LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a type of fuel used in Spark Plug-fired engines as an alternative to gasoline. It is preferred by many car users in our country because it is economic and environmental. For this reason, LPG’s use in Spark Plug-fired engines is becoming increasingly common. With the development of engine technology, spark plug-fired engines, turbocharged systems and direct-jet injector systems into the cylinder have started to be used. In parallel with these developments, LPG kit manufacturers have started to integrate their systems and produce kits suitable for engines with this type of technology. In this study, the effects of LPG assembly on engine performance and emissions in vehicles with TSI (turbocharged stratified injection) technology, unlike other LPG applications, were tested in vehicle dynamometer. Vehicle for this purpose 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 and motor power, engine torque and exhaust emission (CO, CO2 and HC) values were measured by running at engine speeds of 5500 rpm. The study measured 2.5% in maximum engine power and 2.25% in maximum engine torque with LPG use. However, it has been found that all emission values have been reduced compared to gasoline. In the vehicle acceleration test, it reached a speed of 60 km to 210 km with gasoline+LPG fuel 4 seconds later than gasoline.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TSI engines,LPG,engine performance,exhaust emission

Turboşarjlı Enjeksiyonlu Benzinli Bir Motorda LPG Kullanımının Emisyonlar ve Motor Performansı Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Günümüzde LPG (Sıvılaştırılmış Petrol Gazı) buji ateşlemeli motorlarda, benzine alternatif olarak kullanılan bir yakıt türüdür. Ekonomik olması ve çevreci olması nedeniyle ülkemizde de birçok araç kullanıcısı tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle LPG’nin buji ateşlemeli motorlarda kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Gelişen motor teknolojisi ile birlikte buji ateşlemeli motorlarda, turbo şarjlı sistemler ve silindir içerisine direk püskürtmeli enjektör sitemleri kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak da LPG kiti üreticileri sistemlerini entegre ederek bu tür teknolojiye sahip motorlara uygun kit üretmeye başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmada diğer LPG uygulamalarından farklı olarak TSİ (turbocharged stratified injection) teknolojili bir motora sahip taşıtta LPG montajının motor performansı ve emisyonlar açısından etkileri taşıt dinamometresinde test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla araç 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 ve 5500 d/dak motor hızlarında çalıştırılarak motor gücü, motor torku ve egzoz emisyon (CO, CO2 ve HC) değerleri ölçülerek kayıt altına alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada LPG kullanımı ile maksimum motor gücünde %2,5 ve maksimum motor torkunda %2,25’lik bir düşüş ölçülmüştür. Fakat tüm emisyon değerlerinde benzine göre azalma kaydedildiği tespit edilmiştir. Taşıt hızlanma testinde ise 60 km’den 210 km hıza benzin+LPG yakıtı ile benzine göre 4 saniye daha geç ulaşmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TSİ motorlar,LPG,Motor Performansı,Egzoz Emisyonu

Kaynakça

1. 1. Datta A., Mandal Kumar B., “A comprehensive review of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engine”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57: 799-821, (2016).
2. 2. Barakat H. Z., Kamal M. M., Saad H. E., Ibrahim B., “Blending effect between the natural gas and the liquefied petroleum gas using multiple co-and cross-flow jets on NOx emissions”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10:419-434, (2019).
3. 3. Lu G., Li L.,” Study on Combustion Parameters of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Engine” Energy Procedia, 12: 897-905, (2011).
4. 4. Bruce O., Yuhan H., John L. Z., Nic C., Surawski Y., Yam W., Moka C., Guang H., “A remote sensing emissions monitoring programme reduces emissions of gasoline and LPG vehicles”, Environmental Research, 177:108614, (2019).
5. 5. Anonim, “LPG Tüketicisinin El Kitabı”, T.C Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu (EPDK), (2018).
6. 6. Demirci K. O., Çınar C., “HCCI-DI Bir Motorda Doğal Gaz Kullanımının Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 7:317-330, (2019).
7. 7. Laurencas R., Artūras K., Saulius M., Neringa K., Martynas S., “Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a medium-term option in the transition to sustainable fuels and transport”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32: 513-525, (2014).
8. 8. František S., Kristián Čulíka V., Rievaja J. G., “Liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel”, Transportation Research Procedia, 40: 537-534, (2019).

9. 9. Prins, “VSI-DI LPG sistemi”, İnternet Sitesi: https://www.prins.com.tr/vsi-di-lpg-sistemi, Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2019.
10. 10. Gümüş M., “Çift Yakıt Enjeksiyonlu Buji Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda LPG Kullanım Oranının Performans ve Emisyon Karakteristiklerine Etkisi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 24:265-273, (2009).
11. 11. Mustafa K. F., Gitano-Briggs H. W., “Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an Alternative Fuel in Spark Ignition Engine: Performance and EmissionCharacteristics”, Proceedings of ICEE 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment, (2009).
12. 12. Nayak V., Rashmi G. S., Chitragar P., Mohanan P., “Combustion Characteristics and Cyclic variation of a LPG fuelled MPFI Four cylinder Gasoline Engine”, Energy Procedia, 90: 470 – 480, (2016).
13. 13. Chitragar P. R., Shivaprasad K. V., Nayak V., Bedar P., Kumar G. N., “An experimental study on combustion and emission analysis of four cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine using pure hydrogen and LPG at idle condition”, Energy Procedia, 90: 525 – 534. (2016).
14. 14. Miqdam T. C., “Spark ignition engine performance fueled with hydrogen enriched liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)”, Scholars Middle East Publishers, (2019).
15. 15. Aygaz, “LPG’nin teknik özellikleri ve içeriği”, İnternet Sitesi: https://www.aygaz.com.tr/tupgaz/lpgnin-teknik-ozellikleri, Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2019.
16. 16. Borawskı, A., “Simulation studies of LPG injector used in 4th generation installations”, Combustion Engines, 160: 49-55, (2015).
17. 17. Szpica, D., Czaban, J., “The assessment of correctness of engine adaptation for alternative LPG fueling based on full load engine characteristics of performance”, . Combustion Engines 159: 3-11, (2014).
18. 18. Lejda, K., Zielinska, E., “Gas Installations Requirements for Cars and Automobile Repair Shops Offering LPG Services”, Teka. Commission Of Motorization And Energetics In Agriculture, 15: 37–42, (2015).
19. 19. Prins, “VSI sistemi”, İnternet Sitesi: https://www.prins.com.tr/dosyalar/Prins%20VSI-DI-brosur.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 30.10.2019.
20. 20. Kai, J.M., Michael, J.B., Gabriel da, S., Yi, Y., Frederick, L.D., “The autoignition of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in spark-ignition engines”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35: 2933–2940, (2015).
21. 21. Vinotha, T., Vasanthakumar, P., Krishnaraj, J., Arun S.S.K., Hariharan, J., Palanisamya, M., “Experimental Investigation on LPG + Diesel Fuelled Engine with DEE Ignition Improver”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 4: 9126–9132, (2017).
22. 22. Keunsoo, K., Junghwan, K., Seungmook, O., Changup, K., Yonggyu, L., “Lower particulate matter emissions with a stoichiometric LPG direct injection engine”, Fuel, 187:197-210, (2017).
23. 23. Masi, M., “Experimental analysis on a spark ignition petrol engine fuelled with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)”, Energy, 41:252-260, (2012).
24. 24. Albert, B., “Numerical study of the substitutional diesel fuel energy in a dual fuel diesel-LPG engine with two direct injectors per cylinder”, Fuel Processing Technology, 161:41–51, (2017).
25. 25. Duc, K.N., Duy, V.N., “Study on Performance Enhancement and Emission Reduction of Used Fuel-Injected Motorcycles Using Bi-Fuel Gasoline-LPG”, Energy For Sustainable Development, 43: 60-67 (2018).
26. 26. Cha-Lee, M., Kwanhee, C., Juwon, K., Yunsung, L., Jongtae L., Simsoo P., “Comparative study of regulated and unregulated toxic emissions characteristics from a spark ignition direct injection light-duty vehicle fueled with gasoline and liquid phase LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)”, Energy, 44:189-196, (2012).
27. 27. Park, C., Park, Y., Oh, S., Lee, Y., Kim, T.Y., “Effect of injection timing retard on ISI strategy in lean-burning LPG direct injection engines”, SAE tech paper No: 2013-01-2636; (2013).
28. 28. Ceviz, M.A., Yüksel, F., “Cyclic variations on LPG and gasoline-fuelled lean burn SI engine”, Renewable Energy, 31:1950-1960, (2006).
29. 29. Keunsoo, K., Junghwan, K., Seungmook, O., Changup, K., Yonggyu, L., “Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions”, Applied Energy, 194: 123–135, (2017).