Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Effect of Si Modification and Grain Refinement on Tensile Properties of A356 Alloy

Öz

The focus point of recent research on light metal castings has been on the effect of casting quality on the material properties and maximizing the quality is the most important factor toward obtaining the best properties from an alloy. Sr additions modify Si morphology while grain refiners such as AlTixBy and Ti-free B make dendrite arms smaller in the alloy. Therefore, this study has been performed to evaluate the relationship between casting quality and tensile properties of A356 alloy. The modification and refinement treatments were carried out with three different master alloys: AlSr15, AlTi5B1, and AlB3. The tests were conducted under two conditions: with and without degassing to evaluate the effect of change in melt quality. Results obtained from experimental studies were analyzed statistically. It was concluded that there is a good relationship between bifilm index and tensile test results when the bifilm index is divided into three groups, namely: poor, medium and high quality. It was found that while Ti grain refinement addition positively affects the mechanical properties, Sr addition has a negative effect on casting quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• A356 alloy,Modification,Grain refinement,Weibull analysis,Bifilm index,Degassing

Kaynakça

1. [1] Campbell, J., Complete casting handbook: metal casting processes, metallurgy, techniques and design, Butterworth-Heinemann, (2015).
2. [2] Gruzleski, J. and B. Closset, The treatment of liquid aluminum–silicon alloys. Des Plaines, IL: American Foundrymen’s Society, Inc. (1990),
3. [3] Zhang, L., Y. Jiang, Z. Ma, S. Shan, Y. Jia, C. Fan, and W. Wang, Journal of materials processing technology, 207 (1): 107-111, (2008).
4. [4] Wang, Q., Metallurgical and materials Transactions A, 34 (12): 2887-2899, (2003).
5. [5] Wang, Q., D. Apelian, and D. Lados, Journal of light metals, 1 (1): 85-97, (2001).
6. [6] Taghavi, F., H. Saghafian, and Y.H. Kharrazi, Materials & Design, 30 (1): 115-121, (2009).
7. [7] Timelli, G., D. Caliari, and J. Rakhmonov, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 32 (6): 515-523, (2016).
8. [8] Uludağ, M., Çetin R., and Dispinar D., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 49 (5): 1948-1961, (2018).

9. [9] Uludağ, M., Çetin R., Dispinar D., and Tiryakioğlu M., International Journal of Metalcasting, 12 (4): 853-860, (2018).
10. [10] Uludağ, M., Çetin R., Dispinar D., and Tiryakioğlu M., Engineering Failure Analysis, 90: 90-102, (2018).
11. [11] Uludağ, M., Çetin R., Dispinar D., and Tiryakioğlu M., International Journal of Metalcasting, 12 (3): 589-594, (2018).
12. [12] Conley, J.G., J. Huang, J. Asada, and K. Akiba, Materials science and Engineering: A, 285 (1): 49-55, (2000).
13. [13] Emadi, D., J. Gruzleski, and J. Toguri, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 24 (6): 1055-1063, (1993).
14. [14] Huang, J., J.G. Conley, and T. Mori, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 29 (6): 1249-1260, (1998).
15. [15] Roy, N., A. Samuel, and F. Samuel, Metallurgical and Materials transactions A, 27 (2): 415-429, (1996).
16. [16] Campbell, J., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 37 (6): 857-863, (2006).
17. [17] Campbell, J., Materials science and technology, 22 (2): 127-145, (2006).
18. [18] Campbell, J. The bifilm concept: prospects of defect-free castings, in World Foundry Congress, Chennai, India. (2008).
19. [19] Dispinar, D. and J. Campbell, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17 (5): 280-286, (2004).
20. [20] Dispinar, D. and J. Campbell, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17 (5): 287-294, (2004).
21. [21] Fiorese, E., F. Bonollo, G. Timelli, L. Arnberg, and E. Gariboldi, International Journal of Metalcasting, 9 (1): 55-66, (2015).
22. [22] Birol, Y., International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 23 (4): 250-255, (2010).
23. [23] El-Sayed, M.A. and K. Essa, Computational and Experimental Studies, 23: (2018).
24. [24] Yuksel, C., O. Tamer, E. Erzi, U. Aybarc, E. Cubuklusu, O. Topcuoglu, M. Cigdem, and D. Dispinar, Archives of Foundry Engineering, 16 (3): 151-156, (2016).
25. [25] Tiryakioğlu, M., P. Davami, S.-K. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, G.-Y. Yeom, and N.-S. Kim, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 605: 203-209, (2014).
26. [26] Uludağ, M., L. Gemi, M.R. Eryılmaz, and D. Dışpınar, Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 21 (8): 348-351, (2015).
27. [27] Uludağ, M., International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 10 (1): 30-41, (2018)
28. [28] Mostafaei, M., M. Ghobadi, M. Uludağ, and M. Tiryakioğlu, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 47 (6): 3469-3475, (2016).
29. [29] Tunçay, T., S. Tekeli, D. Özyürek, and D. Dişpinar, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 30 (1): 20-29, (2017).
30. [30] Nayhumwa, C., N. Green, and J. Campbell, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 32 (2): 349-358, (2001).
31. [31] Dispinar, D. and J. Campbell, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 19 (1): 5-17, (2006).
32. [32] Dispinar, D., S. Akhtar, A. Nordmark, M. Di Sabatino, and L. Arnberg, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527 (16): 3719-3725, (2010).
33. [33] Raiszadeh, R. and W. Griffiths, Journal of alloys and compounds, 491 (1): 575-580, (2010).
34. [34] Dispinar, D. and J. Campbell, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528 (10): 3860-3865, (2011).
35. [35] Yorulmaz, A., Ç. Yüksel, E. Erzi, and D. Dispinar. Effects of Casting Conditions on End Product Defects in Direct Chill Casted Hot Rolling Ingots, in Shape Casting: 6th International Symposium. Springer, (2016).
36. [36] Handbook, M., ASM International, 238-241, (1988).
37. [37] Eastwood, L.W., Gases in Light Alloys, 70: (1946).
38. [38] Samuel, A. and F. Samuel, Journal of Materials Science, 27 (24): 6533-6563, (1992).
39. [39] Tiryakioǧlu, M., J. Campbell, and J. Staley, Scripta materialia, 49 (9): 873-878, (2003).
40. [40] Tiryakioğlu, M. and J. Campbell, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 41 (12): 3121-3129, (2010).
41. [41] Chen, Y.-J., H.-Y. Teng, and Y.-T. Tsai, Journal of materials engineering and performance, 13 (1): 69-77, (2004).
42. [42] Campbell, J., Castings, Butterworth, Heinemann, Oxford. (1991),
43. [43] Zupanič, F., S. Spaić, and A. Križman, Materials science and technology, 14 (12): 1203-1212, (1998).
44. [44] Li, H., T. Sritharan, Y. Lam, and N. Leng, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 66 (1-3): 253-257, (1997).
45. [45] Sigworth, G. and M. Guzowski, AFS Transactions, 93 (172): 907-912, (1985).
46. [46] Gruzleski, J.E. and B.M. Closset, The treatment of liquid aluminum-silicon alloy,. Amer Foundry Society, (1990).
47. [47] Uludağ, M., R. Çetin, D. Dispinar, and M. Tiryakioğlu, Metals, 7 (5): 157, (2017).
48. [48] Uludağ, M., L. Gemi, and D. Dispinar, International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE) 1 (8): 21-26, (2016).
49. [49] Campbell, J. and M. Tiryakioğlu, Materials Science and Technology, 26 (3): 262-268, (2010).
50. [50] Samuel, A., H. Doty, S. Valtierra, and F. Samuel, Materials & Design, 56: 264-273, (2014).
51. [51] Sui, Y., Q. Wang, G. Wang, and T. Liu, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 622: 572-579, (2015).
52. [52] El-Sayed, M.A., Journal of Engineering Technology (ISSN: 0747-9964), 6 (1): 584-594, (2018).
53. [53] Nozari, M.A., R. Taghiabadi, M. Karimzadeh, and M. Ghoncheh, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 49 (3): 1236-1245, (2018).
54. [54] Griffith, A.A., Philosophical transactions of the royal society of london, Series A, containing papers of a mathematical or physical character, 221: 163-198, (1921). [55] Pierce F.T., J. Textile Inst., 17, T355-68, (1926).
55. [56] Weibull, W., Journal of applied mechanics, 103 (730): 293-297, (1951).
56. [57] Weibull W., Proc. Royal Swedish Inst. Eng. Res., 151: (1939).
57. [58] Davami, P., S. Kim, and M. Tiryakioğlu, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 579: 64-70, (2013).
58. [59] El-Sayed, M. and W. Griffiths, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 27 (5): 282-287, (2014).
59. [60] Tan, E., A. Tarakcilar, and D. Dispinar, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 46 (10): 1005-1013, (2015).
60. [61] Dispinar, D., A. Nordmark, J. Voje, and L. Arnberg. Influence of hydrogen content and bi-film index on feeding behaviour of Al-7Si, in 138th TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: 3rd International Symposium, San Francisco, California, USA,(February 2009). (2009).
61. [62] Mohanty, P. and J. Gruzleski, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 43 (5): 2001-2012, (1995).
62. [63] Guzowski, M., G. Sigworth, and D. Sentner, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 18 (4): 603-619, (1987).
63. [64] Jung, B., C. Jung, T. Han, and Y. Kim, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 111 (1), 69-73, (2001).
64. [65] Timelli, G., G. Camicia, and S. Ferraro, Journal of materials engineering and performance, 23 (2): 611-621, (2014).
65. [66] Górny, M., G. Sikora, and M. Kawalec, Archives of Foundry Engineering, 16: (2016).
66. [67] Campbell, J., Castings practice: the ten rules of castings. Elsevier, (2004).
67. [68] Bozchaloei, G.E., N. Varahram, P. Davami, and S.K. Kim, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 548: 99-105, (2012).
68. [69] Caceres, C. and B. Selling, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 220 (1-2): 109-116, (1996).
69. [70] Tiryakioğlu, M. and J. Campbell, International Journal of Metalcasting, 8 (3): 39-42, (2014).
70. [71] Ludwig, T., M. Di Sabatino, L. Arnberg, and D. Dispinar, International Journal of Metalcasting, 6 (2): 41-50, (2012).
71. [72] Dispinar, D., A. Kvithyld, and A. Nordmark, Quality Assesment of Recycled Aluminium, Light Metals, Springer. p. 731-735, (2011),
72. [73] Prasanna, S., C. Ramesh, R. Manivel, and A. Manikandan. Preparation of Al6061-SiC with Neem Leaf Ash in AMMC’s by Using Stir Casting Method and Evaluation of Mechanical, Wear Properties and Investigation on Microstructures. in Applied Mechanics and Materials Trans Tech Publ, (2017).
73. [74] Dispinar, D., S. Akhtar, A. Nordmark, F. Syvertsen, M. Di Sabatino, and L. Arnberg. Correlation between Mechanical Properties and Porosity Distribution of A356 in Gravity Die Casting and Low Pressure Die Casting, Advanced Materials Research. Trans Tech Publ, (2012).
74. [75] Tiryakioğlu, M., J. Campbell, and N.D. Alexopoulos, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 40 (6): 802, (2009).
75. [76] Erzi, E., B. Bakircioğlu, L. Gemi, Ş. Yazman, M. Uludağ, and D. Dispinar, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 46 (6): (2018).